- anything that a person considers important in life, such

SOCIOLOGY OF CRIMES, ETHICS AND HUMAN as material things, ideas and experiences
RELATIONS
KINDS OF VALUES

1) BIOLOGICAL VALUES
CRIM. 3: ETHICS AND VALUES - those that are necessary for survival, such as food,
shelter, clothing, sex, water, sleep
PART ONE - include the physiological needs of man as man
GENERAL and SPECIAL ETHICS 2) PSYCHOLOGICAL VALUES
- those are that are necessary for emotional fulfillment
ETHICS of man, such as relationships, companionship, family,
- the science of the morality of human acts friendships, love
- the study of the human motivation, and ultimately of 3) INTELLECTUAL VALUES
human rational behaviour - those that are necessary for the intellectual
- derived from the Greek word, ethos, which means fulfillment of man, such as achievements, career,
characteristic way of acting and ethikos, which means success
customary 4) MORAL VALUES
- Ethics employs the faculty of human reasoning in tackling - those that are necessary for the spiritual fulfillment
the important question of what makes an upright life. of man
Ethics is therefore a noble and important science.
- It means a branch of philosophy dealing with what are
good and bad with moral duty and obligation VIRTUE
- A set of principles of right conduct. It is a set of moral - a habit that inclines the person to act in a way that
harmonizes with his nature
values: the Principle of conduct governing an individual
- the habit of doing good
or a group. Refers to practical science of the normality of
- the opposite is vice, the habit of doing bad
human conduct. A theory or a system of moral values.
FOUR MORAL/CARDINAL VIRTUES
MORALITY
- the quality which makes an act good or bad, good or 1) PRUDENCE
evil, right or wrong - the ability to govern and discipline oneself by means of
reason and sound judgment
Morals- have a greater social element to values - the virtue that attracts the intellect to choose the most
and tend to have a very broad acceptance. effective means for accomplishing what is morally good
and avoiding what is evil
2) TEMPERANCE
MORAL DISTINCTIONS - one’s ability to moderate or avoid something
- the virtue that regulates the carnal appetite for sensual
1) moral - good, right pleasures
2) immoral - bad, wrong 3) FORTITUDE
3) amoral - neither good nor bad - firmness of mind
- the courage to endure without yielding
HUMAN ACTS - the virtue that incites courage
- acts that are done knowingly, deliberately and freely
a) PATIENCE – calmness and composure in
ELEMENTS OF HUMAN ACTS enduring situations
b) PERSEVERANCE – the ability to go on despite
1) KNOWINGLY the obstacles
- when the person fully understands what he is doing c) ENDURANCE – the ability to last
and has the ability to appreciate the consequences of 4) JUSTICE
his actions - the virtue that inclines the will to give to each one of his
2) DELIBERATELY rights
- when the person did his actions intentionally
3) FREELY
- when the person performed his actions voluntarily THREE DIVISIONS OF JUSTICE

TWO DIVISIONS OF ETHICS 1) COMMUTATIVE

- virtue that regulates those actions that involve the rights
1) GENERAL ETHICS that exist between one and another
- the study of the general principles of morality 2) DISTRIBUTIVE
- Regulates those actions that involve the rights than an
2) SPECIAL ETHICS
individual may claim from society
- the study of the application of the general principles of
3) LEGAL
morality; included in this division is the category of
- virtue that regulates those actions which society may
professional ethics
justly require of the individual for the common good

RIGHT
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
- a set of moral code to which every profession must
- anything that is owed or due
subscribe
- something to which a person has a just and lawful claim
- guides the professional where the law is silent or
- anything that a person can lawfully demand
inadequate
HUMAN RIGHTS
POLICE ETHICS
- an example of professional ethics - rights pertaining to the rights of man
- a practical science that treats the principle of human - rights inherent to man by virtue of being a human being
morality and duty as applied to law enforcement - are the supreme, inherent and inalienable rights to life,
dignity and to self-development
VALUES
supreme rights = highest form of rights
 inherent rights = rights attached to men as human - the failure to perform an act or duty that is part of
inalienable rights = rights that cannot be transferred, one’s obligation without sufficient excuse
cannot be borrowed and cannot be taken away
MALFEASANCE
BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS - the commission of an act that one is prohibited to do

1) RIGHT TO LIFE MISFEASANCE

Exceptions: - the improper or incorrect performance of an act that
self-defense should be done or performed
death under exceptional circumstances
death penalty INCOMPETENCY
- lack of adequate ability and fitness for the satisfactory
2) RIGHT TO LIBERTY performance of police duties; could be due to physical
Exceptions: or intellectual limitations or lack of skill
for reasons of public health and public safety
penalty for commission of a crime Gratuities – are material favors or gifts in return for service;
circumstances of warrantless arrests
the universal code of ethics for law enforcers disapproves
3) RIGHT TO PROPERTY gratuities.
Exceptions:
circumstances of warrantless search The lingo pasasalamat" "Padulas" and "pabagsak"
by virtue of court order are commonly used term for gratuities.

BILL OF RIGHTS →"Pasasalamat" refers to the acceptance of gifts, money or

- a list of individual liberties, freedom and rights which are favor as a result of an act performed by a police officer or
guaranteed and protected under Article III of the 1987 public servant.
Philippine Constitution
- protection of individuals against abuses of the state →""Pabagsak" is used to denote the giving of money or
- protection of the rights of an accused
favor and acceptance of any public to perform his or her
DUTY functions.
- anything we are obliged to do or to omit
- a moral obligation incumbent upon a person of doing, →""Padulas" refers to the taking of money, gifts or favors
omitting or avoiding from others by a public servant to expedite the performance
- for every right, there is a corresponding duty of official functions.

PART TWO
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CODE OF
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS Police Brutality – denotes unreasonable and
unnecessary use of force, commonly done in effecting
BACKGROUND ON THE PNP CODE OF PROFESSIONAL
CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS arrests of criminal offenders, fugitives from justice and
suspects or abuse in the manner of executing a warrant
SECTION 37, RA 6975 of arrest, search and seizure.

“There shall be established a performance evaluation DISLOYALTY TO THE GOVERNMENT

system which shall be administered in accordance with the - abandonment or renunciation of one’s loyalty to the
rules, regulations and standards, and A CODE OF CONDUCT government of the Philippines
promulgated by the Commission for members of the PNP…” - advocating to overthrow the present administration

NAPOLCOM RESOLUTION NO 92-4 POLICE DISCRETION

- resolution issued by the NAPOLCOM approving the - the act or the liberty to decide according to the
draft of the Philippine National Police Code of principles of justice and the police officer’s ideas of
Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards by the what is right and proper under the circumstances
PNP
- approved on 12 March 1992 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS

PURPOSES OF THE CODE As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is

1) To foster individual efficiency, behavioral discipline to serve mankind; to safeguard life and property; to protect the
and organizational effectiveness, as well as respect innocent against deception; the weak against oppression or
for constitutional and human rights of citizens, intimidation; and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and
democratic principles and ideals and the supremacy to respect the constitutional rights of all men, to liberty, equality
of civilian authority over the military; and justice.
2) To set the moral tone and norms of professional
conduct in the police service; I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to
3) To provide moral and ethical guidance to all PNP all; maintain courageous calm in the face of danger, scorn or
members; and ridicule; develop self-restraint and be constantly mindful of the
4) To enlighten members of the police service of what welfare of others. Honest in thought and deed in both my
behavior is really acceptable – to define what is personal and official life, I will be exemplary in obeying the
permitted and what is prohibited. laws of the land and regulations of my organization. Whatever
I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to me
LAWS RELATED TO THE PNP CODE in my official capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation
1) RA 3019 – Anti-Graft and Corruption Practices Act is necessary in the performance of my duty.
2) RA 6713 – Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards
for Public Officials and Employees
I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings,
3) RA 7080 – Anti-Plunder Act
prejudices, animosities or friendship to influence my decision.
4) RA 9485 – the Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007
With no compromise for crime and with relentless prosecution
5) PLEB Rules and Regulations
of criminal, I will enforce the law courteously and appropriately,
without fear or favor, malice or ill-will, never employing
IMPORTANT TERMS
unnecessary force or violence and never accepting gratuities in
return.
NON-FEASANCE
 I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of - the police must be fair in enforcing the laws
public faith and I accept it as a public trust to be held so long 6) The Community are the Police
as I am true to the ethics of police service. I will never engage - the police and the community are dependent on
in acts of corruption or bribery, nor will I condone such acts by each other and must work hand in hand to prevent
other police officers. I will cooperate with all legally authorized crimes
agencies and their representatives in the pursuit of justice. 7) Police should not Usurp Judicial Power
- the police has no power or authority to decide
I know that I alone am responsible for my own whether a suspect is guilty or innocent of a crime
standard of professional performance and will take every because only the court has this power
reasonable opportunity to enhance and improve my level of 8) Rules of Engagement Impartially Observed
knowledge and competence. I will constantly strive to achieve - the police must always adhere to the prescribed
these objectives and ideals, dedicating myself before God to procedures in the performance of their duty
my chosen profession... law enforcement. 9) Reduction of Crime and Disorder
- the effectiveness of the police is measured through
the ability of the police to prevent crime
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CODE OF PROFESSIONAL 10) Police Discretion
CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS - the police must never abuse the police discretion
granted to them
CANONS OF POLICE ETHICS
1) Primordial Police Responsibility PNP CORE VALUES
-the primary responsibility of the police is crime
prevention 1) Love of God
2) Limitation of Police Authority 2) Respect for Authority
- laws set limits to the power of the police 3) Selfless Love and Service to People
- police officers are not exempted from 4) Sanctity of Marriage and Respect for Women
obeying the laws they are enforcing 5) Responsible Dominion and Stewardship over Material
3) Knowledge of the Law and other Responsibilities Things
- police officers are expected to know and 6) Truthfulness
understand the laws they are enforcing
- police officers must fully understand their duties POLICE OFFICER’S CREED
and responsibilities as police officers
- police officers must know and fully understand I believe in God, the Supreme Being, a Great
the relationship of the PNP organization with Provider, and the Creator of all men and everything dear to
other law enforcement agencies and other me. In return, I cannot less than love Him above all, seek His
government agencies guidance in the performance of my sworn duties and honor
4) Use of Proper Means to Obtain Proper Ends Him at all times.
- - police officers must only employ legal methods
I believe that respect for authority is a duty. I
in the conduct of their work
respect and uphold the Constitution, the laws of the land and
5) Cooperation with Public Officials
the applicable rules and regulations. I recognize the legitimacy
- police officers must cooperate with other public
and authority of the leadership, and follow and obey legal
officials and government agencies
orders of my superior officers.
6) Proper Conduct and Behavior
- police officers must always observe proper
I believe in selfless love and service to people.
conduct and behavior both in their personal and Towards this end, I commit myself to the service of my
official life fellowmen over and above my personal convenience.
7) Conduct towards the Community
- police officers must never forget that they are I believe in the sanctity of marriage and respect
public servants for women. I shall set the example of decency and morality
8) Conduct in Arresting Law Violators and shall have high regard for family life and chastity.
- - police officers must always adhere to the I believe in responsible dominion and stewardship
prescribed rules when effecting arrests over material things. I shall inhibit myself from ostentatious
of suspects display of my property. I shall protect the environment and
9) Firmness in Refusing Gifts conserve nature to maintain ecological balance. I shall respect
- police officers must never ask for nor accept gifts or private and public properties and prevent others from
special favors destroying them.
10) Impartial Presentation of Evidence
- police officers must be fair in presenting evidence I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be
11) Attitude towards Police Profession trustworthy and I shall speak the truth at all times as required
- police officers must have a high regard for the police by the profession.
profession and must be proud that they are
police officers PNP STAND OF BASIC ISSUES
- police officers must strive to improve their
knowledge and skills in order be the best police 1) PNP IMAGE
officers that they can be - the PNP shall live in accordance with the PNP Core
Values and shall possess the following virtues:
PROFESSIONAL POLICE PRINCIPLE a) HONOR
1) Prevention of Crime and Disorder b) INTEGRITY
- it is the primary objective of the police to prevent c) VALOR
crime d) JUSTICE
2) Cooperation of the Community e) HONESTY
- the police is dependent upon community support f) HUMILITY
3) Unreasonable Force Reduces Community g) CHARITY
Cooperation h) LOYALTY TO SERVICE
- the use of unreasonable force on the part of the 2) CAREER MANAGEMENT
police negatively affects the desire of the people to - the PNP shall formulate and implement policies and
cooperate with the police human resources development system for all PNP
4) Use of Reasonable Force when Persuasion is not personnel, from recruitment to retirement
Sufficient 3) POLICE MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP
- the police may only use force when dialogue is no - the primary basis for consideration in the selection of
longer effective and the degree of force to be used
personnel for employment and deployment shall be
must be reasonable
the individual’s capabilities and competent leadership
5) Impartial Enforcement of Laws
4) EQUALITY IN THE SERVICE
 - there shall be judicious and equitable distribution of - police officers shall obey lawful orders and be
opportunity to prove one’s worth in the PNP service; courteous to superior officers and other appropriate
- the PNP shall strictly adhere to the rule of merit and authorities
fitness system 15) COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
5) DELICADEZA - immediate commanders shall be responsible for the
- all members of the PNP must have moral courage to effective supervision, control and direction of their
sacrifice self-interest personnel
6) POLICE LIFESTYLE
- the PNP shall endeavor to promote a lifestyle that is
acceptable and respectable in the eyes of the public
because the public expects a police officer to live a ETHICAL STANDARDS
simple, yet dignified life
7) POLITICAL PATRONAGE - shall refer to established and generally accepted
- all PNP members must inhibit themselves from moral values and ethical acts
soliciting political patronage in matters pertaining to
assignments, promotions, trainings and awards 1) MORALITY
8) HUMAN RIGHTS - police officers must adhere to high standard of morality
- all PNP members shall respect and protect human and decency and shall set good example for others
dignity and man’s rights to life, liberty and property 2) JUDICIOUS USE OF AUTHORITY
- police officers shall exercise proper and legitimate use of
authority and discretion in the performance of their duty
POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT 3) INTEGRITY
- police officers shall not allow themselves to be victims of
1) COMMITMENT TO DEMOCRACY corruption and dishonest practices
- police officers must commit themselves to a 4) JUSTICE
democratic way of life and values and maintain the - police officers shall strive constantly to respect the rights
principle of public accountability of others
- they shall at all times uphold the Constitution and be 5) HUMILITY
loyal to the legitimate government - police officers shall recognize the fact that they are public
2) COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC INTEREST servants and not the masters of the people
- police officers must always uphold public interest over - they should perform their duties without arrogance
and above personal interest - they should recognize their own inadequacies, inabilities
- they shall use public resources and properties and limitations as individuals
economically and judiciously to avoid wastage of - they should perform their duties without attracting
public funds attention or expecting the applause of others
3) NON-PARTISANSHIP 6) ORDERLINESS
- police officers shall provide services to everyone - police officers shall follow logical procedures in
without discrimination regardless of political affiliation accomplishing tasks assigned to them to minimize
in accordance with existing laws and regulations wasted time and resources
4) PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH 7) PERSEVERANCE
- police officers shall strive to be physically and - police officers must exert all efforts to achieve their
mentally fit and in good health at all times goal or mission even in the face of difficulties and
5) SECRECY DISCIPLINE obstacles
- police officers shall guard the confidentiality of official
information against unauthorized access and
disclosure CORRUPT POLICE UNIT
6) SOCIAL AWARENESS
- police officers, as well as their immediate family The five categories of officers who could possibly exist in a
members, shall be encouraged to actively get corrupt police officer or unit.
involved in religious, social and civic activities to
enhance the image of the PNP organization 1. White Knights- These policemen are straightforward
7) NON-SOLICITATION OF PATRONAGE fellow.
- police officers shall seek self-improvement through
career development without directly or indirectly 2. Straight Shooters- These are honest policemen who are
soliciting favors or recommendation from politicians,
ready to hide the corrupt practices of their comrades as part
high-ranking government officials and the like
8) PROPER CARE AND USE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY of camaraderie.
- police officers shall be responsible for the security,
proper care and use of public authority issued to them 3. Grass Eaters or Vegetarian Cops –are police officers
for the performance of their duties who engage in relatively minor type of corruption
9) RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS opportunities as they present themselves.
- police officers shall respect and protect human rights
in the performance of their duty 4. Meat Eaters or Carnivorous Cops- are police officers
10) DEVOTION TO DUTY who actively seek out corruption opportunities and engaged
- police officers shall perform their duties with in both minor and major patterns of corruption.
dedication, thoroughness, efficiency, enthusiasm,
determination and manifest concern for public welfare 5. Rogues – are policemen who are considered having all
11) CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
- police officers shall help in the development and the deviant behaviors of a corrupt policemen.
conservation of our natural resources for ecological
balance and posterity PNP CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
12) DISCIPLINE
- police officers shall conduct themselves properly at all CUSTOMS
- established usage or social practices carried on by
times in keeping with the rules and regulations of the
organization tradition that have obtained the force of law
13) LOYALTY
- police officers must be loyal to the Constitution and to PNP CUSTOMS ON COURTESY
- a manifestation or expression of consideration and
the police service as manifested by their loyalty to
their superiors, peers and subordinates as well respect for others
14) OBEDIENCE TO SUPERIORS
SALUTE
 - the usual greeting rendered by uniformed personnel upon - during marriage of PNP members, a ceremony is
meeting and recognizing persons entitled to it conducted with participants in uniform and swords
drawn
SALUTE TO NATIONAL COLOR AND STANDARD
- police officers must stand at attention and salute the ANNIVERSARY
national color and standard as it passes by them or when - the birth or institutional establishment of a command
the national color is raised or lowered during ceremonies or unit is commemorated in an anniversary ceremony

ADDRESS/TITLE SOCIAL DECORUM

- junior in rank must address senior members who are - a set of norms and standards practiced by members
entitled to a salute with the “Sir” or “Ma’am” during social and other functions

COURTESY CALLS

1) COURTESY CALL OF NEWLY-ASSIGNED/APPOINTED PNP CUSTOMS ON SOCIAL DECORUM

MEMBER
- PNP members who are newly-assigned or appointed to a Police Customs on Social Decorum
unit or command must call on the chief of the unit or
command and to other key personnel for accounting, - The following are police customs on social decorum:
orientation and other purposes
2) CHRISTMAS CALL 1. Proper Attire - PNP members always wear appropriate
- PNP members pay a Christmas call on their local and proper attire in conformity with the occasion.
executives in their respective area of responsibility 2. Table Manners - PNP members observe table etiquette
3) NEW YEAR’S CALL at all times.
- PNP members pay a New Year’s call on their
3. Social Graces - PNP members conduct themselves
commanders and/or key officials in their respective area
of responsibility properly in dealing with people during social functions.
4) PROMOTION CALL 4. Uniform/Appearance - The public looks upon a PNP
- newly-promoted PNP members call on their unit head member as distinctively a man among men. It is a
5) EXIT CALL welcome sight when PNP members wear their uniform
- PNP members pay an exit call on their superiors in the properly wherever they may be.
unit or command when relieved or reassigned out of said
unit or command
OTHER POLICE CUSTOMS
COURTESY OF THE POST
- the host unit extends hospitality to visiting personnel who 1) Visiting the Sick
pay respect to the command or unit - immediate commanders or other available officers of
the unit visit PNP members who are sick in the
“RANK-HAS-ITS-OWN-PRIVILEGE” hospital, their residence or any place of confinement
- PNP members must acknowledge that different ranks in order that their needs are attended to
carry with them corresponding privileges 2) Survivor Assistance to Heirs of Deceased Members
- a survivor officer is designated whenever PNP
CEREMONY members die, to render maximum assistance to their
- a formal act or set of formal acts established by customs bereaved family until all benefits due shall have
or authority as proper to special occasion been received
3) Visiting Religious Leaders
PNP CUSTOMS ON CEREMONIES - PNP officer visit religious leaders in their areas of
assignment to establish or maintain rapport and
FLAG-RAISING CEREMONY cooperation between the different religious leaders
- PNP members honor the flag by raising it and singing the and the PNP
National Anthem before the start of the official day’s work 4) Athletics
- PNP members indulge in physical fitness activities to
FLAG-RETREAT CEREMONY ensure that their proper physical appearance
- PNP members salute the lowering of the flag at the end and bearing are maintained with the waist line
of the official day’s work measurement always smaller than the size of his
chest and in conformity with the standard set
HALF-MAST forth by the organization
- the flag is raised at half-mast in deference to deceased 5) Happy Hours
uniformed members of the command - usually on Friday, or any other day suitable for the
occasion, PNP members gather together at their PNP
FUNERAL SERVICE AND HONORS Club for a light-hearted jesting or airing of minor
- departed uniformed members, retirees, war veterans or gripes
former PNP members are given vigil, necrological
services and graveside honors TRADITION
- bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed
CEREMONY TENDERED TO RETIREES down from generation to generation with the effect of an
- in recognition of their long, faithful and honorable service unwritten law
to the PNP, a testimonial activity shall be tendered in
their honor POLICE TRADITIONS
1) SPIRITUAL BELIEFS
HONOR CEREMONIES - PNP members are traditionally religious and God-
- arrival and departure honor ceremonies are rendered to loving persons; they attend religious services together
with the members of their family
visiting dignitaries, VIPs, PNP officers with the rank of
2) VALOR
Chief Superintendent and above and AFP officers of
- police officers sacrifice their lives and limbs for the
equivalent grade
people they have pledged to serve
TURN-OVER CEREMONY 3) PATRIOTISM
- the relinquishment and assumption of command or key - police officers manifest their love of country with a pledge
position is publicly announced by the outgoing and of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the
incoming officers Constitution
4) DISCIPLINE
WEDDING CEREMONY
 - police officers manifest discipline by instinctive obedience - a group of persons established, maintained and
to lawful orders and through spontaneous actions organized for keeping order, safety, protection of lives
towards attainment of organizational objectives guided by and property and for prevention and detection of crimes
moral, ethical and legal norms
5) GENTLEMANLINESS COMMUNITY
- police officers are upright in character, polite in manners, - refers to the civilian populace or the public in
dignified in appearance and sincere in their concern for general, and shall be used interchangeably with the
their fellowmen terms, public, citizenry, society and private sector
6) WORD OF HONOR - a body of people organized into political, municipal
- police officers stand by, and commit to uphold, their word or social unity or a body of persons living in the same
7) DUTY locality
- police officers are dedicated public servants who perform - derived from the Latin words, communis, which
their tasks with a deep sense of responsibility and self- means common, and tatis which means fellowship
sacrifice
8) LOYALTY POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
- police officers are traditionally loyal to the organization, - the sum total of the dealings between the police and the
country and fellowmen people it serves, and whose goodwill and cooperation it
craves, for the greatest possible efficiency in the service
9) CAMARADERIE - refers to the reciprocal attitudes of the police and the
- the binding spirit that enhances teamwork and community
cooperation in the police organization

POLICE OFFICER’S PLEDGE

PUBLIC RELATIONS
1) I will love and serve God, my country and people; - the act of bringing about better understanding,
2) I will uphold the Constitution and obey legal confidence and acceptance for an individual or an organization
orders of the duly-constituted authorities
3) I will oblige myself to maintain a high standard of POLICE PUBLIC RELATIONS
morality and professionalism - the continuing process by which endeavors are made
4) I will respect the customs and traditions of the to obtain the goodwill and cooperation of the public for effective
police service; and enforcement of the law and accomplishment of the police
5) I will live a decent and virtuous life and to serve purposes
as an example to others.
HUMAN RELATIONS
- consist of the fundamental rules both moral and legal,
PART THREE which govern the relationship of men in all aspects of life
POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS (PCR)
MEDIA/MASS MEDIA
BACKGROUND ON POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS - the channels through which information is
disseminated to the public
Section 2 of Republic Act No 6975 reads: - may be in the form of television, movies, radio or
newspaper, and the like
SECTION 2.    Declaration of Policy. — It is hereby declared to
be the policy of the State to promote peace and order, ensure PROPAGANDA
public safety and further strengthen local government - the planned use of mass communication for public
capability aimed towards the effective delivery of the basic purpose
services to the citizenry through the establishment of a highly
efficient and competent police force that is national in scope POLICE PUBLIC IMAGE
and civilian in character. Towards this end, the State shall - refers to how the people in the community perceive or
bolster a system of coordination and cooperation among regard the police
the citizenry, local executives and the integrated law
enforcement and public safety agencies created under this PRINCIPLES OF POLICING BY SIR ROBERT PEEL
Act.
1) The basic mission for which police exist is to prevent
Said provision was later amended by RA 8551, which reads: crime and disorder as an alternative to the repression
of crime and disorder by military force and severity of
Section 2.    Declaration of Policy and Principles. — It is hereby legal punishment.
declared the policy of the State to establish a highly efficient 2) The ability of the police to perform their duties is
and competent police force which is national in scope and dependent upon public approval of police existence,
civilian in character administered and controlled by a national actions, and behavior and the ability of the police to
police commission.  secure and maintain public respect.
3) The police must secure the willing cooperation of the
The Philippine National Police (PNP) shall be a community public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to
and service oriented agency responsible for the maintenance secure and maintain public respect.
of peace and order and public safety. 4) The degree of the cooperation of the public that can
be secured diminishes proportionately the necessity
PNP VISION for the use of physical force and the compulsion in
The Men and Women of the PNP is committed to a achieving police objectives.
vision of a professional, dynamic and highly motivated 5) The police seek and preserve public favor, not by
Philippine National Police working in partnership with a catering to public opinion, but by constantly
responsive community towards the attainment of a safe demonstrating absolutely impartial service to the law,
place to live, work, invest and do business with. in complete independence of policy, and without
regard to the justice or injustice of the substance of
PNP MISSION individual laws; by ready offering of individual service
To enforce the law, to prevent and control crimes, to and friendship to all members of society without
maintain peace and order, and to ensure public safety and regard to their race or social standing, by ready
internal security with the active support of the community exercise of courtesy and friendly good humor, and by
ready offering of individual sacrifice in protecting and
IMPORTANT TERMS preserving life.
6) The police should use physical force to the extent
POLICE necessary to secure observance of the law or to
restore order only when the exercise of persuasion,
advice and warning is found to be insufficient to
 achieve police objectives; and police should use only 3. Community Relations- Police Officers’ dealing with
the minimum degree of physical force that is citizens of the community, city or town where he lives, and
necessary on any particular occasion for achieving his membership or contribution to the civic organization or
police objectives. community associations in the locality.
7) The police at all times should maintain a relationship 4. Church Relations- Police Officer’s dealings with the
with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition religious congregation or faith where he belongs.
that the police are the public and the public are the 5. Government Relations- Police Officer’s dealings with the
police; the police are only members of the public who government and its instrumentalities.
are paid to give full-time attention to duties that are
incumbent on every citizen in the intent of community Categories of Professional Public Relations
welfare.
8) The police should always direct their actions toward
their functions and never appear to usurp the powers
1. Intra-Departmental Relations – Police Officers relations
of the judiciary by avenging individuals or the state, or
with men and women in his own department, superiors,
authoritatively judging guilt or punishing the guilty.
the station commanders as well as the city or municipality
9) The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime
mayors where he is assigned.
and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action
2. Inter-Departmental Relations – Police Officers relations
in dealing with them.
with other police agencies.
3. Citizens’ Relations – includes all dealings or contacts
FOUNDATION OF COMMUNITY RELATIONS
with the citizens in relation to the enforcement of the law
The foundation of community relations is EFFICIENT
and maintenance of peace and order, together with the
SERVICE.
giving of information to the public of criminal and non-
criminal activities.
REQUIREMENTS FOR GOOD COMMUNITY RELATIONS
4. Complainants’ Relation – includes a police officer’s
1) Sincerity in serving the public
dealings with complaints, the techniques of interviews,
2) Full knowledge of the job
manner of approach, and treatment of witnesses, as well
3) Deep conviction in the mobility of his work as a
as informers or assets.
necessary service to promote individual or national
5. Relation with Accused Persons – consists of proper
welfare
treatment of suspects, the recognition of their
4) Sound police ethics
constitutional rights during custodial investigation and the
5) High standard of management and operation
handling of accused persons during confinement.
6. Relations with the State Prosecutors or Fiscals –
includes a peace officer’s duty to cooperate during
THREE (3) ASPECTS OF POLICE-COMMUNITY
preliminary investigations and gatherings of further
RELATIONS
evidence when so recovered by the fiscal.
1) COMMUNITY SERVICE
7. Judicial Relations – consists of peace officer’s duties
- activities that provide service to the
towards the courts when appearing as witnesses and the
community
honesty in testimony.
may be in the form of medical-dental
8. Governmental Relations – includes his dealings with
mission, sports clinic, feeding programs, seminars,
other non police agencies of the government both national
etc
and local; in connection with official duties such as request
2) COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
for verification, coordination, or whatever help are needed.
- involvement of the community in the various
social projects, particularly, in the area of crime
prevention
- awareness of the community of their role in FOUR (4) GENERAL APPROACHES IN POLICE-
crime prevention COMMUNITY RELATIONS
3) PUBLIC RELATIONS
- activities directed at creating and maintaining 1) Externally-Oriented Approach
favorable impressions to the public - directed towards the general public or various
- projection of the police public image to the enclaves within the society
people to gain their support and cooperation 2) Youth-Oriented Approach
- directed the majority of police efforts towards the
OBJECTIVES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS youth of the community
3) Service-Oriented Approach
1) To maintain and develop the goodwill and confidence of - - emphasis is given to the alleviation of social problems as
the community for the police; the basic objective of the program
2) To obtain cooperation and assistance; 4) Internally-Oriented Approach
3) To develop public understanding and support and - - essential characteristics is the realization that the officer
appreciation for the service of the police; on beat creates community relations because “Every
4) To create broader understanding and sympathy with the officer of the organization is a police-community relations
problems and needs of the police; officer
5) To facilitate law enforcement and compliance;
6) To build public opinion in favor of the police; TYPES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
7) To achieve the police purpose of preserving the peace,
protection of life and property, and the prevention of crime. 1) Public Information Program
-designed to bridge the communication gap between the
police and the public
PRINCIPLES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1) Community support must be maintained. Forms of Media Used:
2) Community resentment must be avoided.
3) Community goodwill must be developed. a) Personal Media
4) Community must be kept informed. - consists of face-to-face communication, such as
meetings, rallies, delivering speeches and house-to-
THE POLICE OFFICER’S INDIVIDUAL AND house visitation
PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC RELATIONS
b) Mass Media
Categories of Individual Public Relations - includes printed matter and audio-visual
communications
2) Public Relations Program
1. Domestic Relations- Police Officer’s dealing with his - designed to maintain harmony and mutual
family, parents and immediate relatives. support between the police and the community
2. Neighborhood Relations- Police Officer’s dealing with - designed to “sell” the police to the public
his neighbors.
3) Civic Action Program
- designed to maintain and encourage community
development
4) Psychological Program
- designed to condition both friendly and
hostile public, ensuring the facilitation of the attainment of
police objectives

DUTIES OF PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER

1) He shall issue press releases from time to time regarding

police activities which are of public concern;
2) He shall build good image through actual commendable
performance, without inefficiency and corruption; and
3) He shall evaluate public opinion and attitude with respect
to policies, methods and personnel of the police station.

DUTIES OF CIVIC ACTION OFFICER

1) He shall encourage and actively participate in athletic

competitions to promote youth development by wisely
coordinating with the social elements of the populace;
2) He shall initiate fund-raising campaigns for juvenile
delinquents who are being rehabilitated;
3) He shall be alert to safeguard the community against loss
and damages to properties and possible death, in the
events of calamity;
4) He shall render possible assistance, especially to the men
folk in enabling them to obtain the means of productive
endeavors and discourage them from loitering in the street
or engaging uneconomic activities, such as illegal
gambling and others

MEASURES TO ENHANCE POLICE PUBLIC IMAGE

1) increased police visibility through the dispersal of

personnel from the headquarters to the field offices;
2) efficient and optimized delivery of police services to the
communities;
3) constant dialogue and meetings with the barangay officials
in their respective territorial jurisdictions;
4) Community service-oriented policing by conducting
seminars for the traffic aides, police aides and the
barangay tanod; and
5) Coordination with the media for image-enhancing projects.