Pb2mat Ikh21 P3-4 PDF

Event In Context
Pertemuan ke 3,4
Diadopsi dari sumber:
1. Anton Shone and Bryn Parry. (2019). Successful Event Management A Practical Handbook. Andover: Cengage
2. William O'Toole. (2022). Events Feasibility and Development. New York: Routledge
Sub-CPMK
Mahasiswa mampu mengidentifikasi aspek sosial, ekonomi, politik dan
faktor perkembangan yang memengaruhi sebuah event (C3, A3)
Materi
1. Social and Community Implications
2. Economic Implications
3. Political Implications
4. Developmental Implications
1. Social and Community Implications
1.1 Social and Community Implications
• In community terms, many events, particularly personal ones and events run
by the community itself, have the benefit of improving social ties, and are an
opportunity for the community to demonstrate that it can pull together for
the greater good.
• The role of events in encouraging social interaction and the celebration of
happy occasions is probably more important in a society which, as a result of
modern media, modern work methods and the relative decline of the
‘traditional’ family structure, feels a greater need to maintain social contact.
Without the social contact that events often give, the feeling of social
isolation in a society where even work can be conducted in a solitary way,
such as from a computer in the home office, can be very great.
(Cont.)
• We have seen that the main impacts are for events to create better social
interaction, help develop community cohesion, increase cultural and social
understanding, and improve the community’s identity and confidence in
itself. These are very important gains for many communities.
• We must, though, sound a note of caution, particularly for large scale, mega-
events. As with some of the issues of sustainable tourism, depositing a major
international event on a small, undeveloped community could do some
damage to that community, perhaps resulting even in the destruction of its
identity, particularly if the activity is badly handled, organised without
thought for the outcomes, or without regard to the carrying capacity of the
location (i.e. how many people the location can cope with).
(Cont.)
• Nevertheless, the vast majority of events have tremendous positive
outcomes: they serve to celebrate and to entertain, to strengthen and
improve social bonds, they increase community involvement and confidence,
and they help make people happy.
2. Economic Implications
2.1 Economic Implications
• An event itself may not, for example, provide huge direct employment or
income, but the indirect effects on local businesses, local services and local
infrastructure and environment could be extremely significant. A number of
festivals have had this type of analysis carried out, such as the Edinburgh
Festival, where about 85 per cent of income came from tourists, making the
impact rather greater than if the money had simply been ‘recycled’ by local
people (i.e. spending money on a festival, art activity or event, rather than on
some other local activity such as day-to-day shopping).
2.1 Economic Implications (Cont.)
• The indirect effects of incoming spending of this kind may include the support
of activities such as retailing (visitors buying anything from magazines to
clothing) and catering (visitors using restaurants, coffee shops and pubs), to
less obvious visitor support of services such as transport, taxis, printers,
technical equipment, local musicians and entertainers, marquee contractors,
photographers and many other types of supplies and suppliers.
• Some towns, cities and resorts have seen events as their economic salvation
when other forms of tourism, such as business meetings or heritage tourism,
might not be appropriate to their area. It is also thought that events that have
many participants, as opposed to many spectators, have a greater economic
impact on a destination.
2.1 Economic Implications (Cont.)
• The running of a major event is often perceived as having a positive social and
economic impact, in much the same way that the construction of a factory or
tourist attraction would. This economic impact is not very well documented,
but some studies, especially of sporting events, such as games and Grands
Prix, give various indicators as to the benefits of events. In the case of some
events, the operation and running of them is seen as a matter of civic
business, that is to say, the event may be organised or even sponsored by the
city or town council and based at least in part on the economic and social
benefits that it brings to the community, in terms of increased numbers of
visitors or an increased visitor spend. Given the size and extent of some
events, the economic and social benefits may be very great.
3. Political Implications
3.1 Political Implications
The political nature of the Roman gladiatorial games was well understood, and
the ability of the Roman emperor or members of the Roman upper classes to
put on a major spectacle contributed to their status.
Similarly, in medieval times much political status was attached to royal events
such as jousts and tournaments. Therefore, certain types of events do have
political impacts, even if that impact is only to provide a mechanism to indicate
some form of political status.
3.1 Political Implications (Cont.)
The opening of the town’s festival, or a civic reception to celebrate some new
feat of progress, are opportunities for the mayor and council to be seen in
public, officiating at the ceremony with appropriate purpose and dignity. The
political implications are simply that the town’s dignitaries are expected to be
seen doing what the townspeople elect and pay them to do. In this respect
many modern events fulfil the same purpose, and politicians gain the benefit of
being associated with useful civic activities and positive special events.
Today, it is major events which tend to attract the attention of politicians

(and media) and we may observe the very political nature of events such
as the Olympics and National Days as well as specific events designed to
influence public opinion about a particular politician or ideology.
3.1 Political Implications (Cont.)
High-profile public events are attractive as mechanisms for producing social and
economic benefits of the type noted earlier, and can focus and stimulate
political will to promote and run them. Many events can be extremely positive
in creating useful outcomes for the nation, region or area concerned.
Indeed, there are examples of dictators and corrupt politicians attempting to

use events to distract attention from some political problem they have created,
or as a mechanism to improve their negative image. It is therefore important to
understand that some types of events may well have a political element, and the
student and practitioner of event management needs to be able to recognise
when that political element may or may not be positive.
3.2 Political Stakeholders for Event
Sumber: Shone & Parry, 2018

4. Developmental Implications
4.1 Developmental Implications
• A few events, however, have some developmental impact, usually because
this is a specific aim of their creation. Developmental events may be used as
one tool in a toolbox of potential mechanisms for redevelopment, image-
building and regeneration, as a means of producing some positive outcome.
This outcome might be to support tourism or to improve the environment of
a given location.
• International Garden Festivals, an example of regeneration, were intended to
have both an image building and environmental impact, while other events
have had image building and reconstruction impacts. The Sheffield Student
Games in England resulted in the development of a range of sporting
facilities, including the Ponds Forge Pool, the Don Valley Athletic Stadium and
the Sheffield Arena.
4.1 Developmental Implications (Cont.)
Our assessment of the context of events has been based around the four factors
of social, economic, political and developmental issues. However, we should for
the benefit of those familiar with other methods, touch on some other contexts.
These include Technological, Legal, Environmental and Ethical, International and
Industrial contexts.
Sumber: Shone & Parry, 2018

Summary
Events have a major impact and have been a feature of society from its earliest
beginnings. Events serve to strengthen social bonds, to bring enjoyment and
celebration to individuals, families, communities and society as a whole. There
are also economic and political benefits, including the provision of direct and
indirect employment, the enhancement of facilities and the improvement of
local services, which are often stimulated by events. The vast majority of events
serve to improve and enhance our society, at a time of significant social change.
Summary (Cont.)
Events can also be seen in the context of promoting and sustaining tourism. The
focus on community involvement in events is therefore important, and methods
of engaging the community need to be carefully considered, especially by event
tourism providers. For small local or community events there is no need and no
management expertise to do it. However, on a larger scale, for major or
international events, or for the business as a whole, it is possible and perhaps
useful to assess the context or contexts in which we operate and a useful and
thought-provoking exercise to do so.
Thank You

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Event In Context

Today, it is major events which tend to attract the attention of politicians

Indeed, there are examples of dictators and corrupt politicians attempting to

Sumber: Shone & Parry, 2018

Sumber: Shone & Parry, 2018

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