Tou232 Cheat Sheet
Tou232 Cheat Sheet
Tou232 Cheat Sheet
TOPIC 2
Planned Events: live, social events created to achieve specific outcomes, including those
related to business, the economy, culture, society and environment
TYPEOLOGY:
Can be categorized by: FORM, FUNCTION, EXPERIENCE & MEANING
FUNCTION:
e.g.
: public policy (economic, social, cultural)
: business
: professional event
: management
Typeology by function:
• Hallmark events • Iconic events • Premier or prestige events • Mega/major/minor
events • Media events / Publicity stunts / Pseudo events • Cause-related events •
Corporate events • Spectator (passive) and interactive/participants(active) events •
Community (local) events
Experience:
What happened, what you did, and how you felt about it (was it personally self-fulfilling)
Like: a shared cultural event (pilgrimage, blessing of the fleet, big day out)
+ the experiences of the different stakeholders, were there a variety of things to
experience during the event
Meaning:
What did you get from the event, what did it mean to you?
- Personal, social, cultural, economic, corporate, anticipatory, evolving, reflevtive
(the legacy of the event).
Pseudo Events:
are staged, scripted and counterfeit events that are:
- Not spontaneous
- Planned primarily for the purpose of being reported or reproduced
- Ambiguous in terms of its relation to the underling reality of the situation (lack of
authenticity)
- Intended to be a self-fulfilling prophecy
Example::: press conferences, advertisements, speeches
TOPIC 3
Cultural meanings – “if at the heart of every festival are a place and a place-based
community actively reproducing its shared values and belief systems, there is an
important sense in which these cultural meanings are intentionally produced to be read
by the world”
- A related challenge stems from the fact that meanings are easily and often
contested, based on different values and belief systems within the same
community.
Economic Meanings – these meanings are shaped by politicans and industry rather than
the general public or travelers themselves
Purpose –
Ownership, Governance and Organizational Structure
1. Private: e.g. event management companies
2. Government Agencies: e.g. parks & recreation authorities, tourism bodies, local
councils
3. Not-for-profit: e.g. clubs, charities, and event specific organizations
Other counter-arguments…
Funds given to special interest groups may attract opposition from private enterprise
or other unfunded groups
1. Economic Policy
2. Cultural Policy
3. Social Policy
4. Environmental Policy
Argument:
- Event development is now seen as a strategic policy for economic growth
- Investments can be justified because events can attract tourists and media attention.
- Leveraging of events to foster trade & economic diversification by:
o Urban Renewal possibilities through event construction
o Short-term growth in constructiioin and allied industries
o Use of events for image building, branding, re-positioning or place marketing
Counter-Argument
- A highly competitive field - & many destinations lack policy direction
- Events are not ‘economically’ viable
Argument:
Combat social problems, enhance health and wellness (sporting and edutainment events),
develop community resilience / a sense of place, social marketing (stop-smoking campaigns)
Counter-Argument:
Some sports can glorify violence, can cause social problem (hooliganism), social benefits are
difficult to measure
ARGUMENT COUNTER-ARGUMENT
Environmental education Negative effects on environment (excessive
Availability of green event operations waste, water use, noise, congestion)
Sustainability as a global movement Foster consumptive attitude
Any development results in ‘irreversible’
change
Externalities – event organizer will be able
to ignore costs and impacts beyond the
event