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    Pressure Vessel - External Pressure

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    Dhruv Agarwal
    1. Pressure vessels can operate under external pressure when the internal pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, such as with vacuum evaporators. 2. Design of cylindrical vessels under external pressure involves using a graphical procedure and chart to determine the required shell thickness based on vessel dimensions, pressure, and material properties. 3. Example problems provide data for evaporator, batch reactor, and reaction vessel designs to calculate the required shell and jacket thicknesses.

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    Pressure Vessel - External Pressure

    Uploaded by

    Dhruv Agarwal
    108 views11 pages
    1. Pressure vessels can operate under external pressure when the internal pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, such as with vacuum evaporators. 2. Design of cylindrical vessels under external pressure involves using a graphical procedure and chart to determine the required shell thickness based on vessel dimensions, pressure, and material properties. 3. Example problems provide data for evaporator, batch reactor, and reaction vessel designs to calculate the required shell and jacket thicknesses.

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    1. Pressure vessels can operate under external pressure when the internal pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, such as with vacuum evaporators. 2. Design of cylindrical vessels under external pressure involves using a graphical procedure and chart to determine the required shell thickness based on vessel dimensions, pressure, and material properties. 3. Example problems provide data for evaporator, batch reactor, and reaction vessel designs to calculate the required shell and jacket thicknesses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    108 views11 pages

    Pressure Vessel - External Pressure

    Uploaded by

    Dhruv Agarwal
    1. Pressure vessels can operate under external pressure when the internal pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, such as with vacuum evaporators. 2. Design of cylindrical vessels under external pressure involves using a graphical procedure and chart to determine the required shell thickness based on vessel dimensions, pressure, and material properties. 3. Example problems provide data for evaporator, batch reactor, and reaction vessel designs to calculate the required shell and jacket thicknesses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Design of pressure vessels under

    EXTERNAL PRESSURE
    Design of pressure vessels under
    EXTERNAL PRESSURE
    • When the pressure lower than atmospheric pressure is maintained
    inside the vessel, its called as vessel subjected to “External
    pressure”

    • Few process equipments are required to be operated with the


    internal pressure lower than the external pressure.

    • This may be due to


    – Inside vacuum
    – Higher pressure outside

    • Examples:
    – Evaporators
    – Vacuum distillation column
    – Vacuum crystallizers
    – Jacketed vessels
    VARIOUS TYPES OF JACKETED
    VESSEL
    Cylindrical vessels – subjected to
    external pressure
    • The required thickness of a cylindrical shell under external pressure is
    determined by “Graphical procedure rather than using formulae”: (Page – 180)
    • Step 1: Assume a value for “t”. Determine the ratio “L/Do” and “Do/t”
    • Step 2: From the chart (Fig F.2, page 182) determine the intersection of the lines
    representing “L/Do” and “Do/t”
    • Step 3: From this intersection point move vertically to the material line for the
    design temp
    • Step 4: Find the value of Factor B corresponding to the point of intersection.
    • Step 5: Compute the allowable working external pressure, Pa by the formula ,
    B
    Pa = kg f / cm 2
    14.22( Do / t )
    and compare with the design pressure, P.
    • Choose a value of “t” that will make Pa > P.
    • Otherwise assume another value and repeat the same procedure till u get Pa > P
    Problem 1
    • An evaporator (1.2 m inner diameter & 46 m
    height) is used to concentrate a fruit pulp.
    The pressure inside the evaporator is 350
    mmHg. The design temperature is 250°C.
    Determine the thickness of the shell?
    Design problem 2
    • Design a vertical batch reactor of welded construction containing
    94m3 of liquid at 95°C and at a pressure of 150 kN/m2. One third
    of the working volume should be available as free space. Steam at
    a pressure of 350 kN/m2 is available for the jacket.
    • Design the vessel with torispherical head and bottom with the
    following specifications:
    • Data:
    • Material of construction (Shell & Jacket) : IS 2002 – 1962 (Grade
    2A)
    • Jacket width = 50mm
    • Feed inlet = 50mm dia
    • Product outlet = 50mm dia
    • Steam opening = 25mm dia
    • Steam vent = 15mm dia and Condensate outlet = 25mm
    Problem 3
    • Determine the thickness of the reaction vessel and the jacket from
    the following data:
    • Vessel shell internal diameter : 2130 mm
    • Jacket length : 2500 mm
    • Width of channel jacket: 100 mm
    • Internal pressure (Shell) : 0.35 N/mm2
    • Internal pressure (Jacket) : 0.55 N/mm2
    • Design temperature : 150°C
    • Allowable stress value at design temperature : 96 N/mm2
    • Spot radiography given
    • Dished head and bottom
    – Internal diameter : 2130 mm
    – Crown radius : 2130 mm
    – Knuckle radius: 128 mm
    Tutorial Q1
    • Determine the thickness of an evaporator (3.71 m ID & 4m Height)
    operating at a pressure of 0.05 N/mm2 and 120°C and conical
    closures (cone angle 120°) at top and bottom. Permissible stress
    for the material of construction is 98 N/mm2. Welded joint
    efficiency is 85%.
    Tutorial Q2
    • An evaporator drum (3.89m ID & 3.81 Height) is operating under a
    vacuum at 0.4163 bar. The design temperature is 80°C. Determine
    the thickness of the drum.
    Tutorial Q3
    • A reaction vessel operating at atmospheric pressure is subjected
    to an external pressure of 1.6 kgf/cm2. The diameter of the vessel
    is 1.2 m and the length is 2.5m. The allowable stress of the
    material is 1120 kgf/cm2. Design temperature is 250°C. Corrosion
    allowance is 1 mm. Welded joint efficiency is 85%. Calculate the
    minimum thickness required for the vessel.

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