Emergency Response Plan – Overview

Emergency Response Plan (ERP) - Lesson Plan

0900- Assembly and introductions

0915

0915-1015 Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

Introduction, Workspace Emergencies, Emergency Response Plan, Components of an effective Emergency Action
Plan, How do I evaluate my workplace, steps in developing the ERP

1015-1145 Developing the ERP

Make sure the EAP meets specific needs, Consider and list potential natural or man-made emergencies, Develop
rescue and medical assistance strategies, Identify methods for reporting fires and other emergencies, Alerting
Employees, Conducting Drills and Retraining

1145-1150 Break

1150-1300 Policies and Procedures

Duties and Responsibilities of the EAP Team, Determine specific evacuation routes and exits, Assisting People
During Evacuations, Accounting for all Employees & Visitors,

1300-1400 Lunch

Duties, Responsibilities and Training

1400-1500 Establish a Chain of Command, Determine who is in charge, Designate Evacuation Coordinators & Wardens,
General Responsibilities, Retraining and Practice Drills

1500-1600 Plan Review, Coordination, and Update

Coordinating with other organizations, Coordinate practice with other organizations, Update the ERP regularly

1600-1615 Multiple choice question paper/theory/written assessment

1615-1630 Course evaluation and closure

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 Subject: Assembly and introductions
Materials: Learner register, Training commitment, course books
Time: 15 mins
Aim: Several standards explicitly require employers to have emergency action plans for their
workplaces. Emergency preparedness is a well-known concept in protecting workers' safety and
health. This standard is important for employers, managers, training directors, and other safety
professionals
Objective –
Trainer Trainees
That the learner can:
Welcome and Introduce self, organize Learner register. Check Fill in name on register
introductions Learner’s photo ID and record it on Learner register.
Show/give out Training commitment. Give out
course books.

Health and safety Fire regulations, evacuation plans/fire escapes and Listen.
assembly points.
Course start/finish times, Explain and expand. Listen.
breaks, lunch, etc.
Toilets Give directions. Listen.
Smoking policy Explain rules of the venue. Listen.
Mobile phones/electronic Explain our policy. Switch off all devices
equipment unless absolutely
necessary.
Special requirements Check dietary requirements and that any special needs Listen/inform Trainer, in
are catered for, if applicable. confidence, of any
Important – ask Learners if they have any pre- existing special requirements.
injuries/conditions that may affect their ability to do
practical work. Learners should not to do anything that
may worsen a condition. Make reasonable adjustments
when possible.
Requirements for the Explain Learners do not need good literacy skills to be Listen.
course a good Emergency responder but there will be written Ask for assistance, in
question papers. Encourage any Learner who may confidence, if necessary.
experience difficulties reading/writing to ask for
assistance, in confidence, as the papers can be taken
verbally if needed. Note: If assessment is completed
verbally, submit a reasonable
adjustment form.
Learner introduction Ask Learners to introduce themselves. Information Introduce self.
could include where they work, what they do, why they
are on the course (did they volunteer?). Have they
attended a Emergency Respond Plan course before?
Difficult course content Explain the nature of the course requires covering Listen.
some objectives that some Learners may find difficult,
particularly if they have had personal experiences.
Explain this is normal and if someone needs to leave
the room for a minute at any time that is acceptable,
except not during the theory/written assessment,
unless it is an
emergency.
Assessment process Explain you will assess Learners during the course Listen. Ask any
• Multiple Choice Question Paper Guidelines questions.

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Subject: Emergency Response Plan (ERP)
Materials: PC and projector, Emergency Respond Plan
Time: 1 Hour
Aim: Understand the role and responsibilities of a Emergency response plan
Unit Objective –
Ref. Trainer Trainees
That the learner can:
1.1 Introduction The Emergency Action Plan (EAP) is an "action plan" to Listen and discuss.
organize employer and employee actions during
workplace emergencies. Well-developed emergency
plans and proper employee training will result in fewer In pairs identify and list
injuries and less structural damage to the facility during
some basic
emergencies. On the other hand, a poorly prepared requirements of a
Emergency Respond
plan may lead to a disorganized evacuation or Planer and feedback to
emergency response, resulting in confusion, injury, and rest of group.
property damage

1.2 Workplace emergency A workplace emergency is an unforeseen situation that Listen and discuss.
threatens your employees, customers, or the public;
disrupts or shuts down your operations; or causes
physical or environmental damage. Emergencies may
be natural or manmade and include the following

1.3 Emergency Response The Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is an "action Listen and discuss.
Plan plan" to organize employer and employee actions
during workplace emergencies. Well-developed
emergency plans and proper employee training will
result in fewer injuries and less structural damage to
the facility during emergencies. On the other hand, a
poorly prepared plan may lead to a disorganized
evacuation or emergency response, resulting in
confusion, injury, and property damage. Putting
together an ERP that deals with those issues specific
to your worksite is not difficult.
It involves taking what was learned from a workplace
evaluation and describing how employees will
respond to different types of emergencies. It takes
into account your specific worksite layout, structural
features, and emergency systems. You will find it
beneficial to include a diverse group of
representatives (management and employees) in the
planning process and to
meet frequently to review progress and
responsibilities. The commitment of all employees is
critical to the plan's success in the event of an
emergency so ask for their help
1.4 Components of an At a minimum, the EAP must include the Listen and discuss.
effective Emergency following elements:
Response Plan
 ways to report fires and other emergencies

 evacuation procedures and emergency escape

route assignments

 procedures to be follow by those who remain to

operate critical plant operations before they
evacuate

 procedures to account for all employees after

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 an emergency evacuation has been completed

 rescue and medical duties for those who are to

perform them

 names or job titles of persons who can be

contacted for further information or explanation
of duties under the plan

You may find it helpful to also include the

following in your plan:

 A description of the alarm system used to notify

employees to evacuate and/or take other
actions.

 Make sure alarms used for different actions are

distinctive. You might include horn blasts,
sirens, or even public address systems.

 The site of an alternative communications

center to be used in the event of a fire or
explosion; and

 A secure on- or offsite location to store originals

or duplicate copies of important documents.

1.5 How do I evaluate my The best way to protect yourself and others is
workplace to prepare for an emergency before it
happens by doing a thorough assessment of
the workplace.

Design and construction requirements for exit routes -

29 CFR 1910.36:

This standard contains requirements for the

design and construction of exit routes. It
includes a requirement that exit routes be
permanent, addresses fire resistance-ratings
of construction materials used in exit
stairways (exits), describes openings into
exits, defines the minimum number of exit
routes in workplaces, addresses exit
discharges, and discusses locked exit route
doors, and exit route doors. It also addresses
the capacity, height and width of exit routes,
and finally, it sets forth requirements for exit
routes that are outside a building.

Maintenance, safeguards, and operational features for

exit routes - 29 CFR 1910.37:

This standard includes requirements for the safe use of

exit routes during an emergency, lighting and marking
exit routes, fire retardant paints, exit routes during
construction, repairs, or alterations, and employee
alarm systems

Emergency action plans (EAP) - 29 CFR 1910.38:

Again, the ERP facilitates and organizes employer and
employee actions during workplace emergencies

Fire prevention plans (FPP) - 29 CFR 1910.39:

The purpose of the fire prevention plan is to prevent a
fire from occurring in a workplace. It describes the fuel
sources (hazardous or other materials) on site that
could initiate or contribute both to the spread of a fire, as
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 well as the building systems, such as fixed fire
extinguishing systems and alarm systems, in place to
control the ignition or spread of a fire

1.6 Steps in developing Drafting an ERP is not enough to ensure the safety of
the ERP your employees. When an evacuation is necessary, you
will need responsible, trained individuals who can
supervise and coordinate activities to ensure a safe and
successful evacuation. An EAP will be useful only if its
content is up to date and employees are sufficiently
educated and trained before an actual evacuation.
Conduct the following steps to successfully develop
and implement your plan:

 Develop the emergency action plan

 Establish authority

 Conduct employee training and plan review

 Review, coordinate and update the plan

I will be covering these four ERP steps in the

following modules of this course. Now that
you have read through the basic overview of
an emergency action plan, find out how to
develop the written plan in the next module

Trainers: Should give a brief recap and undertake formative assessment throughout the session. They should be
confident that all Learners have achieved all of the objectives (assessment criteria) prior to moving to the next topic/
requesting certification.

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Subject: Developing the ERD
Materials: Flip chart and pens, PC and projector, image of Emergency Respond Plan scene
Time: 1 Hour and 30 mins
Aim: Be able to assess an incident and respond immediately
Unit Objective –
Ref. Trainer Leaners
That the learner can:
2.1 Make sure the EAP A simple Emergency Action Plan will work in offices, In small groups
meets specific needs, small retail shops, and small manufacturing settings listen, observe the
where there are few or no hazardous materials or image or scenario
processes, and employees evacuate when alarms and list possible
sound or when notified by public address systems. hazards and how
More complex plans may be required in workplaces they might be
containing hazardous materials or workplaces where overcome.
employees fight fires, perform rescue and medical Discuss and
tasks, or delay evacuation after alarms sound to shut feedback to the
down critical equipment. rest of group.
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 It is essential that the emergency action plan developed
be site specific with respect to emergency conditions
evaluated, evacuation policies and procedures,
emergency reporting, and alarm systems. To assist you
in your planning, take a look at this sample vulnerability
analysis that will help you identify issues that must be
considered when drafting a comprehensive emergency
action plan. An explanation of each issue and/or
examples of how each issue might be addressed in
typical workplaces is provided.
The best emergency action plans include employees in
the planning process, specify what employees should
do during an emergency, and ensure that employees
receive proper training for emergencies. When you
include your employees in your planning, encourage
them to offer suggestions about potential hazards,
worst-case scenarios, and proper emergency
responses.
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2.2 Consider and list Common sources of emergencies identified in Listen, observe
potential natural or emergency action plans include - fires, explosions, and discuss.
man-made floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, toxic material releases,
emergencies, radiological and biological accidents, civil disturbances
and workplace violence.
It's vitally important to conduct a hazard assessment of
the workplace to identify any physical or chemical
hazards that may exist and could cause an emergency.
Be sure to consider the
impact of these internal and external emergencies on
the workplace’s operations. Get together and
brainstorm the worst-case scenarios asking yourself
what you would do and what would be the likely impact
on your operation and device appropriate responses.
Make sure you have a list of key personnel with contact
information as well as contact information for local
emergency responders, agencies and contractors.
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 Keep your list of key contacts current and make
provisions for an emergency communications system
such as a cellular phone, a portable radio unit, or other
means so that contact with local law enforcement, the
fire department, and others can be swift.

2.3 Develop rescue and Unless you are a large employer handling hazardous Listen and discuss.
medical assistance materials and processes or have employees regularly
strategies, working in hazardous situations, you will probably
choose to rely on local public resources, such as the
fire department, who are trained, equipped, and
certified to conduct rescues. Make sure any external Listen and discuss.
department or agency identified in your plan is
prepared to respond as outlined in your plan. Untrained
individuals may endanger themselves and those they
are trying to rescue.
Most small employers do not have a formal internal
medical program and make arrangements with
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 medical clinics or facilities close by to handle
emergency cases and provide medical and first-aid
services to their employees. If an infirmary, clinic, or
hospital is not close to your workplace, ensure that
onsite person(s) have adequate training in first aid.
The American Red Cross, some insurance providers,
local safety councils, fire departments, or other
resources may be able to provide this training.
Treatment of a serious injury should begin within 3 to 4
minutes of the accident. Consult with a physician to
order appropriate first-aid supplies for emergencies.
Establish a relationship with a local ambulance service
so transportation is readily available for emergencies.

Don't forget, if a real catastrophe like a major

earthquake or hurricane occurs, local rescue services
or government will probably not be able to come to the
rescue. You'll be on your own for a number of days or
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 weeks. Make sure that you plan for the worst-case
scenario and assume no outside help.

2.4 Identify methods for Dialing 911 is the most common method for reporting Listen and
reporting fires and other emergencies if external responders are utilized. Internal observe.
emergencies, numbers may be used. Internal numbers are
sometimes connected to intercom systems so that
coded announcements may be made. In some cases,
employees are requested to activate manual pull
stations or other alarm systems.

Alerting Employees, Make sure alarms are distinctive and recognized by all Listen and
employees as a signal to evacuate the work area or observe.
perform other actions identified in your plan.
Sequences of horn blows or different types of alarms
(bells, horns, etc.) can be used to signal different
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 responses or actions from employees.

Consider making available an emergency

communications system, such as a public-address
system, for broadcasting emergency information to
employees. Ideally alarms will be able to be heard,
seen, or otherwise perceived by everyone in the
workplace including those that may be blind or deaf.
Otherwise floor wardens or others must be tasked with
ensuring all employees are notified. You may want to
consider providing an auxiliary power supply in the
event of an electrical failure.

2.6 Conducting Drills and If training is not reinforced it will be forgotten. Consider In pairs identify
Retraining retraining employees annually. and list causes of
unconsciousness
Once you have reviewed your emergency action plan you can, feedback
with your employees and everyone has had the proper and discuss.
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 training, it is a good idea to hold practice drills as often
as necessary to keep employees prepared. Include
outside resources such as fire and police departments
when possible. After each drill, gather management
and employees to evaluate the effectiveness of the drill.
Identify the strengths and weaknesses of your plan and
work to improve it.

Trainers: Should give a brief recap and undertake formative assessment throughout the session. They should be
confident that all Learners have achieved all of the objectives (assessment criteria) prior to moving to the next topic/
requesting certification.

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Subject: Policies and Procedures
Materials: Flip chart and pens, PC and projector
Time: 1 Hour and 10 mins
Aim: Be able to learn about Policies and Procedures of ERP
Unit Objective –
Ref. That the learner can: Trainer Learners

4.1 Duties and The ERP may specify different actions for employees .
Responsibilities depending on the emergency. For example, employers
of the ERP Team may want to have employees assemble in one area of the
workplace if it is threatened by a tornado or earthquake Listen, observe and
but evacuate to an exterior location during a fire. discuss.

Designate who, if anyone, will stay to shut down critical

operations during an evacuation

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 You may want to include in your plan locations where
utilities (such as electrical and gas utilities) can be shut
down for all or part of the facility. All individuals remaining
behind to shut down critical systems or utilities must be
capable of recognizing when to abandon the operation or
task and evacuate themselves.

4.2 Determine specific . Most employers create maps from floor diagrams with Listen, observe and
evacuation routes and arrows that designate the exit route assignments. These discuss
exits, maps should include locations of exits, assembly points
and equipment (such as fire extinguishers, first aid kits,
spill kits) that may be needed in an emergency. Exit routes
should be clearly marked and well lit, wide enough to
accommodate the number of evacuating personnel,
unobstructed and clear of debris at all times, and unlikely
to expose evacuating personnel to additional hazards.

Here are some important requirements to consider:

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  Make exit route design permanent.

 Ensure that the number of exit routes is adequate

based on the number of employees, the size of
the building, its occupancy, and the arrangement
of the workplace.

 Separate an exit route from other workplace areas

with materials that have the proper fire resistance-
rating for the number of stories the route connects.

 Ensure that exit routes meet width and height

requirements. The width of exit routes must be
sufficient to accommodate the maximum permitted
occupant load of each floor served by the exit
route.

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  Ensure that doors used to access exit routes have
side hinges and swing in the direction of travel
(depending on occupancy and hazard areas).

 Design exit routes that lead to an outside area

with enough space for all occupants.

4.3 Assisting People Employees designated to assist in emergency evacuation Listen, observe and
During Evacuations procedures should be trained in the complete workplace discuss
layout and various alternative escape routes.

Employees designated to assist in emergencies should be

made aware of employees with special needs (who may
require extra assistance during an evacuation), how to use
the buddy system, and any hazardous areas to avoid
during an emergency evacuation.

If there are any employees with special needs at your

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 worksite it will be important to be aware of their needs
once evacuated. You may want to consider evacuating all
special needs employees to the same location if possible.
At the very least consider whether the designated
evacuation area is suitable to meet the needs of any
special needs employees while an emergency is being
addressed.

4.4 Accounting for all Accounting for all employees following an evacuation is Listen, observe and
Employees & Visitors, critical. Confusion in the assembly areas can lead to discuss
delays in rescuing anyone trapped in the building, or
unnecessary and dangerous search-and-rescue
operations. To ensure the fastest, most accurate
accounting of your employees, consider taking a head
count after the evacuation. The names and last known
locations of anyone not accounted for should be passed
on to the official in charge

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 Some employers have all visitors and contractors sign in
when entering the workplace. The hosts and/or area
wardens, if established, are often tasked with assisting
these individuals evacuate safely.

Trainers: Should give a brief recap and undertake formative assessment throughout the session. They should be confident
that all Learners have achieved all of the objectives (assessment criteria) prior to moving to the next topic/ requesting
certification.

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 Subject: Duties, Responsibilities and training
Materials: PC and projector
Time: 1 Hour
Aim: Be able to perform the Procedures of ERP

Unit Objective – That the

Ref. learner can: Trainer Learners

4.1 Establish a Chain of A chain of command links one person with .

Command, overall responsibility for managing an emergency
to others who are responsible for carrying out
specific emergency-response tasks. A chain of Listen, observe and discuss.
command establishes who is in charge and
ensures that everyone in the chain responds to
emergencies in an organized way.
At the top of the chain is the trained emergency
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 evacuation coordinator who has overall
responsibility for managing emergencies. Just
below the emergency evacuation coordinator are
the volunteer evacuation wardens.

4.2 Determine who is in When emergency officials, such as the local fire
charge, department, respond to an emergency at your
workplace, they will assume responsibility for the
safety of building occupants and have the
authority to make decisions regarding evacuation
and whatever other actions are necessary to
protect life and property. The highest-ranking
responder will assume the incident command
role and will work with the onsite emergency
coordinator, but will be responsible for directing
all response activities.

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4.3 Designate Evacuation When drafting your emergency action plan,
Coordinators & Wardens, you may wish to select a responsible
individual to lead and coordinate your
emergency plan and evacuation. It is critical
that employees know who the coordinator is
and understand that person has the authority
to make decisions during emergencies.

The coordinator should be responsible for

the following:

 Assessing the situation to determine

whether an emergency exists
requiring activation of your
emergency procedures;

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  Supervising all efforts in the area,
including evacuating personnel;

 Coordinating outside emergency

services, such as medical aid and
local fire departments, and ensuring
that they are available and notified
when necessary

 Directing the shutdown of plant

operations when required.

You also may find it beneficial to coordinate

the action plan with other employers when
several employers share the worksite,

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4.4 Educate your employees about the types of
General Responsibilities, emergencies that may occur and train them
in the proper course of action. The size of
your workplace and workforce, processes
used, materials handled, and the availability
of onsite or outside resources will determine
your training requirements.

 Make sure all employees understand

the function and elements of your
emergency action plan, including
types of potential emergencies,
reporting procedures, alarm systems,
and evacuation plans.

 For those employees that are

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 assigned to perform the task, make
sure they are trained on emergency
shutdown procedures.

 Discuss any special hazards you

may have onsite such as flammable
materials, toxic chemicals,
radioactive sources, or water-reactive
substances.

 Inform employees of the fire hazards

to which they are exposed to and
review with each employee those
parts of the fire prevention plan
necessary for self-protection
General training for your employees should
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 also address the following:

 Individual roles and responsibilities;

 Threats, hazards, and protective

actions;

 Notification, warning, and

communications procedures;

 Means for locating family members in

an emergency;

 Emergency response procedures;

 Evacuation, shelter, and

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 accountability procedures;

 Location and use of common

emergency equipment; and

 Emergency shutdown procedures.

4.5 Retraining and If training is not reinforced, it will be

Practice Drills forgotten. Consider retraining employees
annually.

Effective plans often call for retraining

employees at least annually and include
drills in which employees can practice
evacuating their workplace and gathering in
the assembly area.
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 You also may want to train your employees
in first-aid procedures, including protection
against bloodborne pathogens; respiratory
protection, including use of an escape-only
respirator; and methods for preventing
unauthorized access to the site.
Once you have reviewed your emergency
action plan with your employees and
everyone has had the proper training, it is a
good idea to hold practice drills as often as
necessary to keep employees prepared.

Trainers: Should give a brief recap and undertake formative assessment throughout the session. They should be confident that
all Learners have achieved all of the objectives (assessment criteria) prior to moving to the next topic/ requesting certification.

DASCO/HR-IM-01 Rev. No. 00 Dated: 23/04/2022 Page |

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 Subject: Plan Review, Coordination and update
Materials: PC and projector
Time: 1 Hour
Aim: Be able to perform the Procedures of ERP Plan, and Update

Unit Objective –
Ref. Trainer Learners
That the learner can:

5.1 Coordinating with other ERP should be reviewed with other

organizations, companies or employee groups in your
building to ensure that your efforts will be
coordinated with theirs, enhancing the
effectiveness of your plan.
If you rely on assistance from local
emergency responders such as the fire
department, local HAZMAT teams, or other
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 outside responders, you may find it useful to
review and coordinate your emergency plans
with these organizations. This ensures that
you are aware of the capabilities of these
outside responders and that they know what
you expect of them
5.2 Coordinate practice with It is a good idea to hold practice evacuation
other organizations, drills in coordination with other
organizations. Working with emergency
responders, other building occupants, and
community organizations help their
employees to become familiar with your
emergency procedures, egress routes, and
assembly locations, so that if an actual
emergency should occur, they will respond
properly.
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 Don't forget to include outside resources,
such as fire and police departments, when
possible. After each drill, gather
management and employees to evaluate the
effectiveness of the drill. Identify the
strengths and weaknesses of your plan and
work to improve it.

5.3 Update the ERP regularly http://www.safetyworld.com/Operations and

personnel change frequently, and an
outdated plan will be of little value or use in
an emergency. You should review and
evaluate the effectiveness the contents of
your plan regularly. Update the EAP
whenever:

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  employee emergency actions or
responsibilities change,

 when there is a change in the layout

or design of the facility, new
equipment, hazardous materials,

 processes are introduced that affect

evacuation routes,

 new types of hazards are introduced

that require special actions.

The most common outdated item in plans is

the facility and agency contact information.
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 Consider placing this important information
on a separate page in the front of the plan so
that it can be readily updated. Here's a
sample EAP Audit Checklist you can use to
help design your own review process.

Trainers: Should give a brief recap and undertake formative assessment throughout the session. They should be confident that
all Learners have achieved all of the objectives (assessment criteria) prior to moving to the next topic/ requesting certification.

DASCO/HR-IM-01 Rev. No. 00 Dated: 23/04/2022 Page |

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 Subject: Multiple choice question paper/theory/written assessment
Materials: PC and projector
Time: 35 mins
Aim: To Assess the knowledge of Session

1. Business interruption is considered a emergency.

a. natural
b. technological
c. human
d. social

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2. Why is it important to ask managers, supervisors, and employees to help in developing
and deploying the EAP?

a. To meet OSHA requirements

b. To ensure everyone can be held accountable
c. To create a sense of ownership
d. to develop emergency systems

3. At a minimum, the EAP must include .

a. A description of the alarm system

b. Off-site location to store documents
c. An alternative communications center
d. Procedures to account for all employees

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4. may require an employer to develop an emergency action plan in which of the following
situations?

a. Fire extinguishers are required, and employees will evacuate during a fire
b. A trained employee fire brigade will fight fires
c. Employee actions are not planned for a fire or emergency
d. Local emergency responders will be contacted if an emergency occurs

5. What is the best way to protect yourself and others from emergencies?

a. Continually remind workers what to do

b. Place poster at strategic locations around work
c. Test the 911 emergency response system regularly
d. Conduct a thorough assessment of the workplace

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6. Which protection system is used primarily to protect areas containing critical
equipment?

a. Portable fire extinguishers

b. Fixed extinguishing systems
c. Fire detection systems
d. Employee alarm systems

7. An ERP will be useful only if .

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 a. the safety committee manages the program
b. it meets ANSI 350.1 standard guidelines
c. OSHA has approved the program for the industry
d. it is up-to-date and employees are educated

8. EAP evacuation policies and procedures, emergency reporting, and alarm systems should
be .

a. standardized within the community

b. site specific
c. generic
d. approved by OSHA

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9. What action should be taken by small employers if an infirmary, clinic, or hospital is not
close to your workplace?

a. Contract with Red Cross for service

b. Ensure a 911 call process is in place
c. Find the nearest medical clinic
d. Conduct employee first aid training

What action should be taken when the ERP changes in facility design or layout,
equipment, or hazards occur?

e. Draw up a list of new employees

f. Train or retrain employees on the changes
g. Check with OSHA to ensure compliance

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 h. Get approval for confined space entry from local authorities

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