BAB I

INTRODUCTION
A. Background
English is a universal language that is used and studied by all
countries in the world. When someone is just learning English, they may be
confused in understanding English verbs. Verbs in English have a verb
definition. Just like the Indonesian language, in English also recognize the
name of the verb or verb. Of course, in one sentence it has one verb. Because
the terms of the sentence or sentence are at least consisting of a subject and a
verb. There is a subject (doer) and there is a verb (verb or activity) that is done
by the actor/subject. Learning about the parts of speech is the first step in
grammar research just as learning the letters is the first step to being able to
read and write. From studying the parts of speech we begin to understand the
use or function of words and how words are joined together to make
meaningful communication. To understand what a part of speech is you have
to understand the idea of putting similar things into a group or category.

B. Formulation of the Verb and Adverb

1. What is verb and Adverb?
2. What is the function of verb and Adverb?
3. What tipe’s of verb and Adverb?
4. What examples of verb and Adverb?

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 BAB II
PEMBAHASAN
A.VERB
1.Defenition Verb
Did you know? The word ‘verb’ comes from Latin verbum, meaning
‘word’. Ancient Greek and Roman grammarians considered the verb to be the
most important word in a sentence. A verb is a word that either describe an action
or an event (what someone or something does) or else helps to describe a state or
a condition (what someone or something is or is like). According to Merriem-
Webster, a verb is a word that shown an action, behavior, or event experienced by
the subject.1

2. Function of Verb
Verb take on different functions. Generally we think verb as ‘main verb’.
However, verbs can also serve as helping auxiliary verb.

A). Ordinary is an indicator of a sentence. Without regular verb, word order

cannot be called a sentence. In other words, the existence of regular verbs in a
sentence is absolute; because ordinary verb contain a meaning. This verb is the
last part in the verb series. There are two type of ordinary verb:

a). Verb sentence, sentences whose ordinary verb are not member of BE
(am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being), example;

1). He agreed come. (agreed is not a member of BE)

2). Bella has arrived here just now. (arrived is not a member of BE)

3). We are looking at that cat. (looking is not a member of BE)

b). Nominal sentence are sentences whose ordinary verb are in the form of
BE, for example:

1). My sister is very kind. (is = BE members)

2.) I will be a good father for my child. (be = BE members)

1
Merriem-Webster, Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary, (Lodon: Merriem Webster. Inc, 1981).

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 3). We are not student. (be = BE members)2

B). Auxiliary does not have a specific meaning in its use, the existence of this
verb is intended to assist in the formation of tenses. And in series of verb,
auxiliary occupies the part before the last verb, for example:
Each student is writing a composition. Lea, Andi, Koncoro have been
playing basketball for an hour. So, they fail the test

3. Type’s of Verb
The part of speech that expresses existance,action,oroccurance i most
languages types of verbs.
Below are several types and forms of verbs are very important for us to know in
learning English, including.
A). Action Verb
Action Verb is a verb that is used to declare activity (activities), process,
momentary action Action verb is a verb that expressed about what is done by the
subject in the sentence Action verb is a typeul verbs are most casily recognized
from other verbs.
To recognize the action verb you just need to know whest subject do,
example:
a.Hannah is walang her car (Hannah was painting the wall of her room)In this
sentence, Hannah serves as subject ad verb are warshing
b. My sister is drinking a cup of tea (My sister was drinking a cup of tea)in this
sentece ,my sister server as subject and verb wash drinking.
Grouping action verbs view weather or not a verb requiring coplement the
subject can be divided into two types of transitive verbs and intransitive verbs.
1). Transitive verbs

Transitive verbs are verbs that require object as a complement it became

clear that the sentence means, or can be called also a verb that can not stand alone
without a noun or pronoun as the object complement. Consider the following
sentence: He enjoyed the movie, the verb noun enjoyed require the movie to
complete the sentence and the movie on the sentence is as an object Without the
object of the movie we can not know exactly what he enjoys

2
Elaine Walker, Grammar Practice, ( Malaysia: Pearson Reducation Limited), page: 16

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 Transitive verbs many we encounter in everyday life, which are as follows
enjoy. find, make, love, like, buy, sell, eat.etc. We can use the example sentences
below
- He enjoyed the movie (He enjoyed the film)
- Donita loves playing the drums (Donita love playing drums).
- She is drinking a cup of tea (He was drinking a cup of tea). 3
2). Intransitive verbs

While understanding of intransitive verbs are that do not require the

object, since the absence of the object was the sentence already has meaning and
verbs that are used in the form of active verbs, such as Become, come, die, sit,
cry, sleep, stand, and so forth To better understand what it intransitive verbs we
can note the followig sentence

-the baby is sleeping.

-The man stand o the bridge.

-The girl cried loudly.

B). Linking Verb

Linking verb is a verb that serves as a link between the subject with a
complementary subject/subject complement (complement that describe the
subject), the location of the subject complement (subject complement) can be a
noun, pronoun, adverb, adjective, which includes linking verbs are: am, is, was,
were, be, become, seem, been, look, smell, keep, stay, sound, feel, etc.

Examples of the use of linking verb in a sentence:

-My neighbours sound very angry. (The sound of my neighbours very angry) In
the above sentence explains very angry My neighbours.

-Rama and Sinta are hardworking students. (Rama and Sinta is a hardworking
student)

3
Ananda meisarah , English book 1,h.8

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 In the above sentence hardworking students describe Rama and Sinta. There are
some verbs in linking verb that can also serveas an intransitive verb, thus requing
the object. The verbs are look, feel, smell, turn, taste, etc.

Example:

The lady is smelling the flowers gingerly.

The chef tasted the mead cautiously before presenting it.

C). Regular Verb

Regular verb adalah kata kerja yang dapat berubah ubah sesuai dengan bentuk
tense dan perubahan bentuk kata kerja itu secara teratur.Regular verbs ,yang
dalam bahasa Indonesia disebut “kata kerja beraturan “adalah kata kata kerja di
mana bentuk verb 1 keverb 2 atau ke verb 3 berubah dengan menambahkan
imbuhan -ed atau hanya dengan menambahkan imbuhan -ed saja jika perutnya di
akhir dengan huruf e.

Contoh perubahan kata kerja jenis ini adalah:4

a.Call-called-called

b.Submit-sumbmitted-submitted

c.Dare-dared-dared

D). Irregular verb

Irregular verb adalah kata kerja yang mempunyai fungsi sama dengan reguler
verb tetapi perubahan bentuk kata kerja ini secara tidak teratur. Ireguler verbs
(kata kerja tidak beraturan ) adalah kata kerja yang perubahan dari verb 1 ke verb
2 atau ke verb 3 tidak dengan menambahkan imbuhan atau D kata-kata kerja ini
berubah secara tidak beraturan mengingat jumlahnya yang sangat banyak dan
sebagian besar merupakan reguler yang diperlukan dihafalkan adalah irregular
verbs.

Adapun contoh nya :

4
Ibid,h.9

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 Cut – cut- cut

Bleed-bled-bled

Come-come-come

E). Infinitive ,preterite,past participle verbs

1). Infinitive

Inivinitive adalah verbal yang berbentuk kata kerja dasar atau kata kerja bentuk
pertama yang belum mengalami perubahan bentuk dalam arti belum ditambah
dengan akhiran s /es,d/ atau ing menurut bentuk atau cara penulisannya infinitive
dibagi dua yaitu:

a.To inifinitive (inivinitive yang didahului oleh to)

b.Bare infinitive/infinitive without to,yaitu infinitive yang tidak didahului oleh

to.

To infinitive Bare infinitive Meaning

To go Go Pergi
To smoke Smoke Merokok
To play Play Bermain

Example:

-Father come to pick up her up

-she went to Japan to continue her studies

2). Preterite verbs (kata kerja bentuk kedua)

Baik yang reguler atau irreguler maupun yang transitive atau intransitive
kata kerja bentuk kedua ini secara khusus dipakai dalam kalimat lampau ( simple
past tense)5. Verb bentuk kedua digunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu peristiwa
yang telah terjadi di masa lampau.Verb ini tidak dapat digunakan dalam bentuk

5
Ibid, h.10

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kalimat yang lain jadi jika anda akan menuliskan peristiwa yang terjadi di masa
lampau gunakanlah kata kerja bentuk kedua ini contohnya:

- They visited art museum yesterday.

3). Past participle verbs

Past participle atau sering juga disebut kata kerja bentuk ketiga adalah kata
kerja yang digunakan untuk membentuk kalimat pasif atau (passive voice),present
perfect tense, past perfect tense,past perfect tense dan bentuk-bentuk kalimat
lainnya untuk membentuk kata kerja past participle ini,semua ketentuan yang
berlaku dalam pembentukan kata kerja bentuk lampau juga berlaku untuk
membentuk past participle sedangkan bentuk yang tidak beraturan juga
mempunyai bentuk tersendiri dimana sebagian besar mempunyai bentuk yang
sama dengan bentuk lampau nya.

Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle

Stay Stayed Stayed

Cook Cooked Cooked
Teach Taught Taught

Example:

- They have played for almost two hours

- We had stayed there for three years.6

B. ADVERB

1. Pengertian/ Definition Adverb

Adverb atau kata keterangan adalah kata yang memberikan penjelasan

mengenai tempat, waktu dan cara suatu kegiatan atau peristiwa itu terjadi.
Contoh : here, now, softly, loudly, tomorrow, again, twice, never,dll.

6
Ibid, h.11

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Adverb juga di definisikan sebagai kata yang menjelaskan kata kerja (verb),
kata sifat (adjective), kata depan (preposition) dan katalainnya kecuali kata
benda (noun) dan kata ganti (pronoun).

Contoh :

a. I am working now.

(kata now dalam kalimat tersebut adalah keterangan waktu yang

menerangkan kata kerja working).

b.Hendi speaks loudly.

(kata loudly dalam kalimat tersebut menerangkan bagaimana cara Hendi

berbicara).

c.Wenny never comes before dinner.

(kata never dalam kalmiat tersebut merupakan keterangan petunjuk

frequensi/keseringan).

2. Types of Adverb
a. Adverb of Time.

Merupakan kata keterangan yang menyatakan waktu terjadinya suatu

pekerjaan, tindakan atau peristiwa tersebut. Contoh : afterwards (kemudian,
sesuadah itu,lalu), already (sudah), before (lebih dahulu, sebelum), frequently
(seringkali), now (sekarang), today (hariini), soon (segera), immediately
(segera), lately (akhir-akhirini), yesterday (kemarin), dsb.

Contoh aplikasi dalam kalimat :

I’am stydying English now. (Saya sedang belajar bahasa Inggris sekarang).

Untuk membantu menunjukkan Adverb of Time,kita bisa mengajukan

pertanyaan dengan kata “when” (kapan).

b. Adverb of Place.

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Merupakan kata keterangan yang menunjukkan tempat terjadinya suatu
perbuatan, tindakan atau peristiwa tersebut. Contoh : above (di atas), back (di
belakang), below (di bawah), around (sekeliling), here (di sini), somewhere (di
suatutempat), everywhere (dimana-mana), there (di sana),dsb.

Contoh aplikasi dalam kalimat :

She studies English here. (Ia belajar bahasa Inggris di sini).

Untuk membantu menunjukkan Adverb of Place,kita bisa mengajukan

pertanyaan dengan kata “where” (di mana).

c. Adverb of Manner.

Merupakan kata keterangan yang mengungkapkan bagaimana cara nya suatu

pekerjaan itu dilakukan atau suatu peristiwa itu terjadi.Contoh : carefully
(denganhati-hati), fluently (dengan lancar), hard(dengan keras), fast (dengan
cepat), slowly (dengan lambat,secara perlahan-lahan), suddenly (tiba-tiba),
together (bersama-sama),dsb.

Contoh aplikasi dalam kalimat :

They worked hard. (Mereka bekerja dengan keras).

Untuk membantu menunjukkan Adverb of Manner, kitab islam mengajukan

pertanyaan dengan kata “how” (bagaimana).

d. Adverb of Degree.

Merupakan kata keterangan yang mengungkapkan sampai seberapa jauh

(tingkat atau derajad) suatu keadaan atau peristiwa itu.Lazimnya
menerangkan / memodifikasi adjective / kata sifat atau adverb itu
sendiri.Contoh : almost (hampir), enough (cukup), fairly (agak / digunakan
untuk pernyataan positif), rather ( agak / digunakan untuk pernyataan
negatif), nearly (hampir), very (sangat), too (terlalu), only (hanya), quite
(sungguh), dsb.

Contoh aplikasi dalam kalimat :

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1) She is very pretty girl. (Ia seorang gadis yang sangat manis).

Adverb very menerangkan Adjective pretty.

2) I quite understand. (Saya sangat mengerti).

e. Adverb of Frequency.

Merupakan kata keterangan yang menyatakan jumlah atau berapa

banyaknya suatu pekerjaan, tindakan atau peristiwa itu dilakukan.

1)adverb of quantity.

Biasanya untuk menentukan adverb of quantity kita mengajukan pertanyaan

dengan kata “how often”.

Contoh : always (selalu), usually (biasanya), never (tidakpernah),ever (pernah),

sometimes (kadang-kadang), seldom (jarang), generally (umumnya), dsb.

Contoh aplikasi dalam kalimat :

Andi always drinks milk every night. (Andi selalu minum susu setiap malam).

2). adverb ofnumber.

Biasanya untuk menentukan adverb of number kita mengajukan pertanyaan

dengan kata “how many times” (berapa kali).

Contoh : once (sekali), twice (dua kali), thrice (tiga kali), half ( setengah),
twofold (dua kalilipat), dsb.

Contoh aplikasi dalam kalimat :

He eats twice every day. (Iama kan dua kali tiap hari).

f. Adverb of Affirmation.

Merupakan kata keterangan yang menyatakan penegasan, penekanan atau

mengiyakan jawaban. Contoh : certainly (tentulah), naturally (tentu saja),
surely (pastilah), of course (tentulah), absolutely(secara mutlak), dsb.

Contoh aplikasi dalam kalimat :

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Of course she can speak English. (Tentu ia dapat bicara bahasaInggris).

Istilah lain untuk adverb of affirmation ialah adverb of certainty.

g. Interrogative Adverb.

Merupakan kata keterangan yang turut membentuk pertanyaan.Masing-masing

adverb jenis ini berhubungan dengan adverb lainnya.

Contoh :

1) How did he go?

How merupakan interrogative adverb of manner.

2)Where did he go?

Where merupakan interrogative adverb of place.

h. Relative Adverb.

Merupakan kata keterangan yang berfungsi sebagai penghubung dua klausa

dalam sebuah kalimat. Kata-katanya sama dengan interrogative
adverb,perbedaanya hanya pada letak posisinya, yakni relative adverb
biasanya ditempatkan ditengah kalimat (diantara dua klausa),sedangkan
interrogative adverb di awal kalimat.

Contoh :

1) I asked him how he went.How adalah relative adverb of manner. 2) I asked

him where he went.>Where a adalah relative adverb of place.7

7
Merlin Dai, “Adverb” https://rahmatabasbatudaa.blogspot.com/2015/11/makalah-adverb-oleh-
merlin-dai.html?m=1 (diakses pada 4 april 2022, pukul 20.15)

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 BAB III

Penutp

A. Conclution
Verb is a word that shown an action, behavior, or event
experienced by the
subject. verb is usually located right behind the noun/pronoun that is the
subject. In Indonesian, verbs are commonly referred to as "Kata Kerja".
However, there are verbs in English that cannot stand alone, or require other
sentences to be understood.

There are many types of verb for example are transitive verbs,
intransitive verbs, finite verbs, linking verbs, regular verbs and irregular verbs.
In addition to having several types of verbs, verbs also have several functions,
namely as auxiliary verbs, modal verbs, phrasal verbs, linkin verbs, action
verbs, transitive verbs, invites verbs, and causative verbs.

B. Suggestion

From the material that has been discussed, it is hoped that it can
increase knowledge for both writers and readers. We hope that the input from
readers can even add information to us, either directly or indirectly. Hopefully it
can add knowledge for us.

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 Daftar Pustaka

Dai, Merlin (2015,15 November) “Adverb”. diakses pada 4 april 2022, pukul 20.15
dari rahmatabasbatudaa:
https://rahmatabasbatudaa.blogspot.com/2015/11/makalah-adverb-
oleh-merlin-dai.html?m=1

Harahap, Ananda Meisarah. “ENGLISH BOOK 1”

Elaine Walker. 2018. Grammar Practice. Malaysia: Pearson Education Limited.

Merriem-Webster. 1981. Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary. London: Merriam

Webster, Inc.

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