FT 413 Lesson 1

Lesson 1
JUDE ANDREA EVE P. MATERNAL

TEST YOUR
KNOWLEDGE
• https://upgrader.ga
pminder.org/t/sdg-
world-un-goals/
OUTLINE ⚬ Climate Change
⚬ Objectives:
￭ Understand the science
of climate change
￭ Understand climate
impacts with a systemic
mindset
ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Greenhouse gas
The fight against climate change
emissions don't stop at
is a global challnge.
borders. Reducing it is
everyone's responsibility.
To pursue sustainability is to create and There is no

maintain the conditions under which
humans and nature can exist in
Plan B planet
productive harmony to support present
and future generations.
US Environmental Protection Agency

We are all connected.
This interconnection is a SYSTEM wherein the sum is greater than

all of its parts.
CLIMATE should be considered as an integrated system with lots of

parts interacting together.
EARTH's climate is a DYNAMIC ENERGY DRIVEN COMPLEX SYSTEM.

Its COMPONENTS make up the
SMALLER SYSTEMS
WATER
AIR
LAND
ICE LIFE
they are all INTERCONNECTED driven by
the energry from the
what affects
one, can affect
another.
the interaction of our planet's spheres
is key to what's happening to our
CLIMATE.
the sun heats the earth unevenly
the poles are

cooling down
while the
equator is
heating up,
naturally
the HYDROSPHERE distributes the heat
note that it is
just one of the
ways but a
major one.
the OCEAN absorbs the heat from the
sun
transports it
around the
globe in a
giant pattern
of currents.
GLOBAL CURRENT MAP
the CURRENTS
are driven by
local temperature
and the
salinity of the water

the OCEAN
surface also
interacts with the
ATMOSPHERE
creating the
TRADE WINDS
and the
JET STREAMS
predicting the weather relies on various
physical laws such as:
conservation of mass
conservation of energy
conservation of momentum
models are based on past climates to predict
the future.
Three predictions
on how the
temperature can
change depending
on GHG emissions
from human
activities.
ICE CORES act like tree
rings. They keep stories of
the past up to 800K y.a.
it holds clues to what

the atmosphere was
like when the ice
locked it in.
Average temperature difference between the
glacial periods (cold) and the interglacial periods
(hot) is roughly 5 degrees.
Earth moves around the sun.
The shape of the earth's orbit around the sun VARIES.
Earth's axis rotation also varies.

The change follows a cycle of about 100,000 years.
But... Earth has warmed more than one degree

since the late 19th century.
1 degree in 100 years vs. 5 degrees in 100,000 years.
Natural variations have been observed for the
past 800,000 years.
1 degree in 100 years - GREENHOUSE EFFECT.
Argon, carbon dioxide,

ozone, methane,
water vapor
Ozone, carbon
dioxide, methane
and water vapor
GREENHOUSE GASES
The earth receives twice as much heat from the
atmosphere as it does directly from the sun.
The greenhouse gases make up less than 1% of the air
-18C
The atmosphere with its greenhouse gases make
the earth more livable.
15C
Main greenhouse gases:
CARBON DIOXIDE 100 years

METHANE 10 years
WATER VAPOR 1 year
OTHERS include nitrous oxide, ozone and carbon monoxide
CARBON circulates naturally on earth.
CARBON CYCLE
It is how the earth regulates its
carbon to regulate its temperature.
CARBON SINKS
The problem arises when there is more

carbon than what they can absorb
overflows
KEELING
CURVE
CO2 concetrations
drop from
May to September.
FOSSIL FUELS burning increase CO2 concentrations.
51 billion tons each year

FOSSIL FUELS burning increase CO2 concentrations.
51 billion tons each year

93% of excess heat is absorbed by the oceans
when water heats up it EXPANDS

sea level rise
42% is accounted to water expanding after
absorbing heat from the atmosphere.
3% of excess heat
is absorbed by ice
making it melt
effects? slowdown of the redistribution
of heat around the planet
more fresh water into the
ocean decreasing salinity
water doesn't sink, the current conveyor belt
does not function well
heat is not reflected back from the whiteness

of the ice
ALBEDO
the measure of the diffuse reflection of solar
radiation out of the total solar radiation
the fraction of light that a surface reflects
1 all is reflected and 0 all is absorbed

POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
the reacton is going in the same direction as
the cause
more heat leads to more heat and more

melting to more melting
3% is absorbed by the
SOIL
3% is absorbed by the
increasing frequency of
WILDFIRES
1% absorbed by the
ATMOSPHERE
a hotter atmosphere can hold more water vapor.
Each degree of warming hold 7% more water vapor.
Ocean warming increases evaporation increasing water vapor.
Water vapor is a greenhouse gas.

SUMMARY
Releasing more and more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
traps more and more heat.
That excess heat is absorbed by the oceans, ice and soil.
It effects to the system is a positive feedback loop amplifying the

original problem, global warming.
One degree average temperature increase over one century.

Next topic
Effects of
Global
Warming to
HUMANITY
M/Th
1:30-3:00
3:00-4:30
28-102

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Lesson 1

JUDE ANDREA EVE P. MATERNAL

To pursue sustainability is to create and There is no

US Environmental Protection Agency

This interconnection is a SYSTEM wherein the sum is greater than

CLIMATE should be considered as an integrated system with lots of

EARTH's climate is a DYNAMIC ENERGY DRIVEN COMPLEX SYSTEM.

the poles are

salinity of the water

it holds clues to what

Earth's axis rotation also varies.

But... Earth has warmed more than one degree

1 degree in 100 years - GREENHOUSE EFFECT.

Argon, carbon dioxide,

CARBON DIOXIDE 100 years

The problem arises when there is more

51 billion tons each year

51 billion tons each year

when water heats up it EXPANDS

heat is not reflected back from the whiteness

the fraction of light that a surface reflects

1 all is reflected and 0 all is absorbed

more heat leads to more heat and more

Each degree of warming hold 7% more water vapor.

Ocean warming increases evaporation increasing water vapor.

Water vapor is a greenhouse gas.

That excess heat is absorbed by the oceans, ice and soil.

It effects to the system is a positive feedback loop amplifying the

One degree average temperature increase over one century.

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