This document provides information about the course CDB 3022 - Environmental Chemical Engineering. It discusses global environmental issues like global warming and climate change. It defines global warming as the gradual increase in earth's atmosphere temperature generally caused by greenhouse gases. It explains the greenhouse effect and the key greenhouse gases that trap heat like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. It discusses how human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation increase the levels of these gases, enhancing the greenhouse effect and causing global warming. It also outlines the impacts of climate change like loss of habitats and threats to biodiversity, agriculture, and water resources.
This document provides information about the course CDB 3022 - Environmental Chemical Engineering. It discusses global environmental issues like global warming and climate change. It defines global warming as the gradual increase in earth's atmosphere temperature generally caused by greenhouse gases. It explains the greenhouse effect and the key greenhouse gases that trap heat like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. It discusses how human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation increase the levels of these gases, enhancing the greenhouse effect and causing global warming. It also outlines the impacts of climate change like loss of habitats and threats to biodiversity, agriculture, and water resources.
This document provides information about the course CDB 3022 - Environmental Chemical Engineering. It discusses global environmental issues like global warming and climate change. It defines global warming as the gradual increase in earth's atmosphere temperature generally caused by greenhouse gases. It explains the greenhouse effect and the key greenhouse gases that trap heat like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. It discusses how human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation increase the levels of these gases, enhancing the greenhouse effect and causing global warming. It also outlines the impacts of climate change like loss of habitats and threats to biodiversity, agriculture, and water resources.
This document provides information about the course CDB 3022 - Environmental Chemical Engineering. It discusses global environmental issues like global warming and climate change. It defines global warming as the gradual increase in earth's atmosphere temperature generally caused by greenhouse gases. It explains the greenhouse effect and the key greenhouse gases that trap heat like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. It discusses how human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation increase the levels of these gases, enhancing the greenhouse effect and causing global warming. It also outlines the impacts of climate change like loss of habitats and threats to biodiversity, agriculture, and water resources.
1 LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this session, you should be able to:
- Describe the environmental issues of global warming,
climate change and urbanization. WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING? • Gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere. • Generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants.
3 THE ‘WHY?’
Global warming as we know had
become a major issues worldwide but do we know what is the cause of global warming?
4 BEFORE THAT, HOW DOES EARTH STAY WARM? LETS WATCH THE VIDEO…
5 TO SUMMARIZE…
Greenhouse gases act like a blanket, trapping heat. This is known as the ‘Natural Greenhouse Effect’. Without it, the earth would be much colder.
6 WHICH GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE TRAP HEAT? The atmosphere is made of 78% Nitrogen and 21% Oxygen. But these gases don’t trap heat and cause warming of the earth. What % of the atmosphere is left?
The gases which trap heat make up less
than 1% of the atmosphere! They are called the ‘greenhouse gases’.
The main greenhouse gases are:
Carbon dioxide Water vapor Methane Nitrous oxide Fluorocarbons (HFC, PFC, SF6, NF3) (the atmosphere is really much thinner than it looks above) SO WHY IS GLOBAL WARMING HAPPENING? Some things that people do are increasing the amounts of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, so more heat is trapped. GHGs The heating of the earth through human GHGs activities is called the ‘Enhanced Greenhouse Effect’ and this is causing the earth to heat up, or global warming. GHGs
GLOBAL WARMING
8 WELL, IN OTHER WORDS.. Atmosphere has Natural more greenhouse Enhanced Greenhouse gases Greenhouse Heat radiates from Heat radiates from effect the earth the earth effect
Some heat goes Less heat
out to space goes out to space
Atmosphere traps Atmosphere
some heat traps more heat
Quite a lot of heat is More heat is trapped
trapped and the earth is and causes global warm enough for life. warming HOW WE MEASURE GLOBAL WARMING? Global Warming Potential (GWP). Each greenhouse gas has a unique atmospheric lifetime and heat-trapping potential. GWP is a measure developed to allow comparison of the ability of each greenhouse gas to trap heat in the atmosphere relative to carbon dioxide (CO2) over a specified time. The larger the GWP, the more that a given gas warms the Earth compared to CO2 over that time period. It allows policy-makers to compare emissions-reductions opportunities across sectors and gases.
Chemical Species Lifetime (years) Global Warming Potential (kg CO2/kg gas) formula 20 years 100 years 500 years CO2 CO2 30-200 1 1 1 Methane CH4 12 56 21 6.5 Nitrous oxide N2O 120 280 310 170 HOW DO HUMANS INCREASE CO2 LEVEL IN ATMOSPHERE? http://climate.nasa.gov/
Burning fossil fuels releases
the carbon dioxide stored millions of years ago. Most of the increased carbon dioxide comes from fossil fuels
Deforestation releases the carbon
stored in trees. Less trees also means less carbon dioxide can be removed from the atmosphere. HOW DO HUMANS INCREASE METHANE LEVEL IN ATMOSPHERE? Rice cultivation Methane is produced when bacteria rot organic matter
Decomposition of waste in Livestock farming landfill
Methane is also released when fossil The amount of methane in the fuels are extracted atmosphere has increased by two and a half times since the Industrial Revolution. EXAMPLE OF FINAL EXAM QUESTION
b. Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase
in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere due to the expansion of greenhouse effect. Elaborate how the expansion of the effect occur? [14 marks]
13 THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING
In pair, discuss what are the IMPACTS of global
warming to our environment? Later, share with us! 5 min THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING
Melting of ice / increase of sea level Wildfire season
Severe drought Extreme heat waves
CLIMATE Heavier precipitation / flooding CHANGES INTRODUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE Climate is the average weather at a given point and time of year, over a long period (typically 30 years) climatological normal We expect the weather to change a lot from day to day, but we expect the climate to remain relatively constant. If the climate doesn’t remain constant, we call it climate change.
CLIMATE CHANGE WEATHER CLIMATE VARIABILITY Climate change is a long- Short-term changes Fluctuation of climate term continuous change seen in temperature, over seasons or years. to average weather clouds, precipitation, Scientists think of conditions (e.g. average humidity and wind in a climate variability temperature) OR the region or a city. It can as the way climate range of weather (e.g. vary greatly from one fluctuates more frequent and day to the next, or yearly above or below a severe extreme storms). even within the same long-term average value Long-term means at least day many decades WEATHER, CLIMATE VARIABILITY & CHANGE EXAMPLE OF WEATHER DATA EXAMPLE OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY DATA EXAMPLE OF CLIMATE CHANGE DATA EXTREME EVENTS
When climate changes, the percentage changes in frequency are
always greatest for some extremes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAiA-_iQjdU EVIDENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE EVIDENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE Natural changes in the Earth’s orbit which may occur over time scales of thousands of years. Natural changes in the sun which affect the amount of incoming solar radiation. Natural, large-scale volcanic eruptions which eject large amounts of ash into the atmosphere. The ash may remain in the atmosphere for several months or years reflecting sunlight back into space and resulting in a drop of mean global surface temperature. Changes in atmospheric chemistry (such as the quantity of greenhouse gases) – both natural and caused by human activities. IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE It’s a threat to BIODIVERSITY! Climate change is affecting the habitats of several species (including Human), which must either adapt or migrate to areas with more favorable conditions.
LOSS OF HABITATS IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Low in nutrient
Low production
AGRICULTURAL LOSS
Crop disease Animal disease IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE WATER RESOURCES “Human depend on a reliable, clean supply of drinking water to sustain health”
“Water is also needed
for agriculture, energy production, manufacturing, municipal”
“Climate change is likely to
“In some areas rainfall, increase water demand “This shifting balance would hurricane, flooding, or sea while shrinking water challenge water managers level rise can reduce supplies - drought” the quality of water and to simultaneously meet the can damage the needs of growing infrastructure to treat, communities” transport and deliver water” IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Food supply shortage Health Insecure issues
HUMAN Costly ACTIVITIES Social imbalance
Interrupt Problem in energy movement supply IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE HOW CAN WE SLOW DOWN THE CHANGE OF CLIMATE?
In pair, discuss what can we do to slow down the
change of climate? Later, share with us! 5 min HOW CAN WE SLOW DOWN THE CHANGE OF CLIMATE?
STOP HEATING UP THE EARTH!
Grow your own food, Be energy efficient avoid processed food
Choose renewable power Recycle and Reuse
Green your commute Get informed
New policy Treatment INTRODUCTION TO URBAN SPRAWL / URBANIZATION Migration of population from high density urban areas to low density rural areas which results in spreading of city over more and more rural land. People will move to try to find better areas to live. URBAN POPULATION CAUSES OF URBANIZATION Improved Vast job infrastructure: opportunities - transportation, industrialization housing Vast education Large extent of opportunities resources: electricity, clean water, food Social & Cultural
Population growth URBAN VS RURAL
Urban Rural High population density Low population density
Diverse and professionalized Predominant jobs: cultivation
occupations & agricultural
Interaction and mobility is Interaction and mobility is
spread over large restricted to smaller geographical, social and geographical, social and economic area. economic area IT COMES WITH PACKAGE
Urbanization
Economic Population growth overgrowth
Industrialization IMPACTS OF URBANIZATION TO ENVIRONMENT Increase in public Poverty – services expenditure are not adequate Increase traffic for all
Existence of urban Social problem –
heat island uncontrolled mixture of people & cultural
Greater environmental Increase in crime pollution
Environmental Health problems
hazards – flood, URBAN HEAT ISLAND (UHI) UHI a city or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. Requires higher energy consumption (cooling) which later causes air pollution. Affect human health.
