Chapter 1 and 2
Chapter 1 and 2
Chapter 1 and 2
INTRODUCTION
Basil extract's effectiveness on chives plants is one of the most beneficial and
effective substances for plants as well as the environment. It is one of the best herbs to
grow alongside other plants because it promotes growth and protects them from
insects. Because basil extract is a great companion to chives, this type of alternative
bio-based insecticide results in an effective type of insecticide. Planting these herbs
alongside insect-prone vegetables and ornamental plants can help reduce pest
populations (Harrington, 2022). In fact, basil and chives complement each other well
because their growth requirements are similar; however, perennial chives thrive best
when planted in a location that will not be disturbed every year.
The goal of this study is to learn about and determine the efficiency of basil
extract as an alternative bio-based insecticide on chives plants. Its goal is to
demonstrate and educate people about the importance of natural bio-based
insecticides. It leads to the research of the alternative bio-based pesticide efficiency of
basil extract to chives plants to the environment as well as nature. The natural basis will
particularly lead to a successful conclusion that will benefit both plants and individuals.
The purpose of this study is to develop and assess the effectiveness of the Basil
(Ocimum basilicum) extract on the chives plant as an alternative insecticide. This study
also aims the following:
- Chive plants can be an alternative onion since onion is quite expensive today in the
market because of inflation, and with the help of insecticides, we can produce more
high-quality chives that can be useful to people, especially in culinary.
- To produce a high-quality insecticide that will not harm the animals and the
environment. Controlling insects also prevents the spread of some plant diseases that
can lower the quality of the product.
- To improve the production of crops by protecting the yields with the use of bio-based
insecticides and it can also improve the quality of vegetables, fruits, and other plants.
Statement of the Hypotheses
The following are possible results on the 1 st trial, the null and alternative
1. Null Hypotheses (Ho) - There is no effect since the insecticides are not applied to
2. Alternative Hypotheses (Ha) - There is an effect of basil extract on the chives plant
because the insecticides were applied to the plant that contains a ratio of 100g basil,
Conceptual Framework
Feedback
Students. This study will help the students to have an information about the
benefits that they can acquire in this study.
Teachers. This study will be very beneficial to the teachers for them to know
what are the benefits of this study to us and to the environment.
the product of basil for their crops and plants if the experimentation results are
beneficial.
bio-based insecticide. The experiment will be done solely by the researchers. The
will handle each procedure with cautious to avoid risk, and to only perform what is
needed. Thus, the researcher decided to strictly focus on the objective of the study
using a basil extract combined with water and vinegar in order to make a precise
observation. The researchers will use two different setups for the investigation: two
chive plants will be observed, one with and one without a bio-based insecticide.
Definition of Terms
Basil (Ocimum basilicum) – is known as a good insect repellent. It is one of the best
herbs to grow alongside other plants because it promotes growth and protects them
from insect.
Bio-based – is derived from plants and other regenerative forestry, agricultural, and
made insecticides, and these are more sustainable and often safer for pest
Amaryllidaceae that produces edible leaves and flowers. Chives are in the lily family,
Extract - is a substance that can be obtain from something else, for example utilizing a
chemical or industrial process. Basil leaves will go through extraction to consume its oil
discourage insects (and arthropods in general) from landing or climbing on that surface.
Chapter II
This chapter's main objective is to review relevant studies and literature that
support the findings of our research project. Several studies have shown that basil can
Foreign Literature
The effectiveness of basil extract on chives has significant advantages for other
plants by preventing harm and enhancing their security and health, according to Dada,
Liu, Johnson, Rehman, and Gurr (2020). It proved that the weevil barriers made of
chives and basil were effective at protecting the storage roots of sweet potatoes. It
makes sense in this context why chives and basil have such a positive impact on all
plants. The potent scents and oils of basil and many other herbs are frequently used to
counter common household pests. Basil's potent ability to prevent flies has led to its use
in pest management methods dating back to ancient times. Basil is intolerant to the cold
Local Literature
other holistic medicinal systems, according to Pimentel (2021), making it one of the
oldest herbs known. Additionally, it makes basil an effective type of insecticide for other
plants because it is one of the best plants for promoting the health and growth of other
plants. In the Philippines, chives and basil are widely grown and referred to by a variety
of regional names, such as Kamangi in Bisaya, bidai in Iloko, and Tulasi in Tagalog.
This kind of plant works well, especially for the health of plants. Filipinos are aware of
the efficacy of basil and chives because this kind of matter creates an essential way to
Basil
Lamiaceae family's Ocimum genus. With its wide variety of uses, especially for flavoring
and preservation, basil is one of the most well-liked herbs beyond the cultural and
traditional rituals in the culinary and food network (Qing X. L. & Chiou L. C., 2016). As
Bio-based products are mostly made from plants or any renewable agricultural,
aquatic, and forestry materials or what we also may call biomass products. Wise use of
the product may lead to the production of goods of completely new items, and thus help
us contribute not only to us but also contributes to savings in greenhouse gas emission.
By using these kinds of products, we can promote innovative products which are yet to
Pests and insects destroy over 20% and 40% of plants annually. One of the main
culprits behind crop damage is insects. They hinder plant growth and harm developing
plants. Due to the insects' interference, there is a loss in agricultural production, which
reduces the availability of food. (Mahmoud R. Sofy, et al., 2021). Other insects are
beneficial to plants, although most insects tend to harm crops. Due to their ecological
importance, contribution, and influence on agriculture, insects play an important role in
maintaining our biodiversity. On Earth, insects can be found throughout every type of
environment. They help in the process of decomposition and even pollinate plants. By
decomposing and recycling nutrients back into the soil, some insects benefit the plants.
Insects like bees, wasps, and butterflies help tremendously in pollination, which benefits
plants (Preetmoninder L. et al., 2012).
Insecticide
used for plant protection (Walia S., Saha S., Rana V. 2014). Insecticide may be defined
repelling pests. The world's food is mainly affected by insects which constantly hinder
crop growth, harvest, and even in storage. There is an estimated loss of over 18-20%
regarding the total amount of the product harvested annually. Which affects in
Foreign Studies
According to Dohbia, A.R. A.'s study on the Effectiveness of Basil (Ocimum
bacilicum) in the management of Fall Armyworm 2022, Since it was discovered that the
staGuinea Savannah Ecological Zones of Northern Ghana, the survey of the study
The results indicated that the soaked preparation has superior performance because
there was no sign of pest attack on plants treated with the soaked solution plots during
Local studies
component control methods, including the use of biological control agents. According to
their study, basil (Ocimum bacilicum) intercropped with eggplant (Solanum melongena)
(approximately 200/0 of the total plant populations) appeared to have the possibility of
reducing the infestation of aphids and leafhoppers as illustrated by the lower density of
the pests and higher yield. The objective of the cultural control is to make the crop
environment less suitable for insect pests. Based on the study, basil could be used to