La Carlota City College

City of La Carlota
–o0o-
Business and Management Department

Module in ENGLISH A

MARISSES Y. TAMPO, MPA

Contact# : 09494600636
Email Add: [email protected]
Facebook Account: MARISSES TAMPO
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I. COURSE TITLE : ENG A (SPOKEN AND CONVERSATONAL

ENGLISH)

II. NUMBER OF UNITS : 3 UNITS

III. COURSE DESCRIPTION :

This lecture course is designed to help students become more proficient speakers of
English. Emphasis is given to the development of oral communication skills through oral
drill and exercises.

IV. COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of the semester, the students can:

1. acquaint the students with the English Sound System;
2. develop pronunciation and speaking skills involving simple structures;
3. develop listening, speaking, and reading skills; and
4. introduce the phonetic symbols used in English.

V. COURSE OUTLINE

A. PRELIM PERIOD
MODULE 1. INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION
- What is Communication?
- Elements/ Components of the Speech Communication Process
- Types of Communication
- Language Variations
MODULE 2. INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET
- Importance of the IPA
- Speech Organs

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VI. CONTENT DISCUSSION :

MODULE 1. INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION

 
Learning Outcomes:
1. To define communication in your own words;
2. To distinguish among the various types and forms of communication; and
3. To classify speaking situations according to language registers.
 

A. What is Communication?
 
Communicating becomes essential in the human civilization on exchanging of information,
sharing thoughts, and expressing oneself. Also, it becomes the catalyst for the people in the society to
unite in decision making, and fostering good relationships and profound respect to one another. But
what really is communication?

Communication is derived from the Latin word “communis” which means common. It is
essentially a discipline concerned with the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one
person to another. Distilled to its bare essentials, communication involves a sender transmitting an
idea, information or feeling to a receiver who is able to understand what has been communicated.

Effective communication occurs only when the receiver understands the exact information or idea
that the sender intended to convey.

Communication is also defined as the act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to
another through the use of mutually understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules. The main steps
inherent to all communication are:
 
·  The formation of communicative motivation or reason, message composition, message
encoding;
·  Imparting or exchanging of information or news;
·  Means of sending or receiving information.
 
Examples:
Asking your mother, class discussion, argument

B. Elements/ Components of the Speech Communication Process

Communication is the way we exchange our thoughts, ideas and points of view with others. It also
involves listening to others as a recipient of their message. There’s no doubt that effective
communication among team members leads an organization to mutual harmony. Similarly, effective
communication between seniors and associates leads to improved results.

Different components of communication influence the interaction between two or more people.
Once you understand these components of communication, you’ll be able to communicate effectively.
So, what are the different components or elements of the communication process?

 Elements or Components of the Speech Communication Process

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  1. Speaker or sender – the person who initiates a speech transaction
2.   Message- whatever a speaker communicates to someone else
3.   Channel or medium-   means by which a message is communicated
4.   Listener or receiver-   the receiver of the communicated message
5.   Feedback- comes in many forms and must be understood
6.   Interference or noise- anything that hold back or hinder the communication of the message
7. Situation or setting - the time and place of occurrence
 

What happens during the communication process?

a. The sender formulates the message that he wants to convey to the receiver.
b. He encodes or translates his message. He may use symbols, words, actions, diagrams,
pictures, and the like.
c. He selects an appropriate channel or medium through which the message is to be transmitted.
It can be face-to-face communication, letters, radio, television, email, etc.
d. The message is received by the receiver or listener.
e. The received message is decoded or interpreted by the receiver so that he can draw the
meaning of the message.
f. The receiver sends his feedback or response to the sender.

C. Types of Communication

According to Mode

 Verbal Communication – a type of communication that uses words to convey a message. Some
forms of verbal communication are written and oral communication.
Examples: Written communication – letters, texting, emailing
                     Oral communication – face-to-face conversation, speech, radio
 
 Non-Verbal Communication – a type of communication that uses body language to convey a
message. Body language is one form of non-verbal communication.
Examples: covering the mouth (gesture used to hide a smile or frown)

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                      Head nod (to show agreement)
                Finger tapping (impatience)
                     Arms crossed over chest (indicates defensiveness or stress)
 
 Visual Communication – a type of communication that uses visuals to convey information and/or
messages.
     Examples: signs, symbols, imagery, maps, graphs, charts, diagrams, pictograms, photos,
drawings, Illustrations, and even various forms of electronic communication.
 
According to Context

 Intrapersonal Communication – It is the communication done with oneself. Included are

thoughts, assessments, contemplations, and feelings that are associated with one’s inner
communication.

 Interpersonal Communication - It is the communication where exchange of ideas and

information happens between two or more people by way of any channel.
This can be face to face communication, online, over the phone, or in written forms.

 D. Language Variations

 
In every situation you encounter, you use speech appropriate to the person to whom you are
speaking and his or her context. The language you use when talking to your friends is not the same
language you would use when meeting someone as important as the Queen. This difference in
language formality is called register.

Every language has five registers, which are types or levels of language traditionally used in
different situations (Joos, 1967). These five registers are: frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and
intimate. Each register is of decreasing formality and its usage depends largely on the relationship
between the two participants in any conversation.

Language Register- the level of formality with which you speak. Different situations and people call
for different registers.
 
1.     Frozen or Static
-          At this level, language is literally “frozen” in time and form. It does not change. This type of
language is often learned and repeated by rote.
-          Examples: biblical verse, prayers, Pledge of Allegiance
 
2.     Formal or Academic Register
This style is impersonal and often follows a prescriptive formal. The speaker uses complete sentences,
avoids slang and may use technical or academic vocabulary. It is likely that the speaker will use fewer
contractions, but opt instead for complete words. (Have not instead of haven’t)
-          Examples: academic language from speeches, proclamations and formal announcements.
 
3.     Consultative Register
-          This is the register used when consulting an expert such as doctor. The language used is more
precise.
-          This register is formal and acceptable speech often used in professional settings.
-          Examples: conversation between teachers and students, judges and lawyers, doctors and
patients, and between a superior and a subordinate.

4
 
4.     Casual Register
-          The register is conversational in tone. It is the language used among and between friends,
words are general, rather than technical.
-          This register is used among friends and peers, and includes informal language including slang
and colloquialisms.
 
5.     Intimate Register
-          This register is reserved for close family members such as parents and children and siblings, or
intimate people such as spouses. It is best avoided in public and professional situations.
 
 
ACTIVITIES

Miscommunication

Instructions: Watch the YouTube video below and answer the questions that follow. Limit your
answers to 5-10 sentences per question.

Title: COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS | Funny Video

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBT6u0FyKnc

1.      What is the cause of the miscommunication? Identify the element/s that caused the problem.
2.      Which type/s of communication (according to mode and context) is/are present in the video?
Please support your answer. 

M.1.A2 Language Registers

Instructions: Identify the type of register in each situation.

1. A lady leading the prayer for the program.

2. A high school graduate giving his/her valedictory speech.
3. A husband talking to his wife.
4. A newly elected official giving his/her inaugural speech.
5. A man reading the Scripture in church.
6. An employee writing a resignation letter to his/her boss.
7. A child talking to his/her grandfather about cartoons.
8. A teenager talking to his/her group mates.
9. A young boy talking to his friends on the street.
10. A college student talking to his/her instructor about his/her class project. 

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MODULE 2: INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET

Learning Outcome:

1. To identify the correct IPA symbol that corresponds to the vowel or consonant sound
produced; and

2. To produce the vowel and consonant sounds accurately.

The International Phonetic Alphabet

International Phonetic Alphabet or the IPA is an alphabet of sounds or phonemes developed through
the cooperative efforts of some of the world’s leading linguistic scholars. It is almost universally used
today in serious works on pronunciation, in speech courses, and in pronouncing dictionaries.

The Importance of the International Phonetic Alphabet

The Importance of the IPA is realized when one is learning to speak the English Language. The IPA
has a set of symbols by means of which the important sounds of English can be presented. There is a
symbol for every sound and no more than one symbol for any given sound. There are three vowel
symbols from British English: [3’] [^] and [a] to further discern the difference in sounds of almost
similar phonemes.
 

Fig. 1 The International Phonetic Alphabet

To learn more about the sounds of the IPA symbols, watch this video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JfwVXfl0EnI

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The Speech Organs – These are parts of the body used in speech production.

1. Lungs - It is the organ that supplies air for speech.

2. Larynx – It produces voice for speech sounds.
3. Vocal cords - Two movable bands where the air from the lungs passes through.
4. Tongue - The most important organ of speech. It
moves in different ways and in different shapes to
produce speech sounds. The tongue is divided into
five parts namely the tip, blade, front, back and root.
5. Teeth - the teeth are responsible for creating sounds
labiodental and lingua-dental sounds. The teeth also
help form words by controlling airflow out of the
mouth.
6. Lips – They play a role in changing the resonance of different speech sounds. They are also
responsible for producing the labial sounds
7. Gum ridge or alveolar ridge – It lies directly behind the upper front teeth. It is an important
structure in speech because the tongue tip continually touches the ridge to form consonant
sounds.
8. Soft and hard palate - They are responsible for producing palatal and velar sounds.
9. Oral and nasal cavities
- The oral cavity is the empty space of the mouth. The air passes through our mouth and the
oral cavity helps produce these sounds.
- The nasal cavity is the empty space in the nose. When we produce different sounds, the air
passes through the nose.
10. Uvula – It is the small tear drop organ hanging at the back of your throat.

IPA SYMBOLS
Instructions: Identify the IPA symbol of the underlined letters. Use the IPA chart as your reference.

12 Vowels

1. Ought
2. Blood
3. Rogue

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 4. Ago
5. Beauty
6. Captain
7. Art
8. Acid
9. Earth
10. Jedi
11. Put
12. Beast

8 Diphthongs

1. South
2. Fair
3. Toy
4. Dalmatian
5. Height
6. Flow
7. Sure
8. fear

24 Consonants
1. yesterday
2. civil
3. dragon
4. showman
5. the
6. phoenix
7. Jedi
8. Beast
9. Twilight
10. Harry
11. America
12. Fuzzy
13. Rogue
14. Adventure
15. Caribbean
16. Pirate
17. Breaking
18. Star Wars
19. Earth
20. Captain
21. Adventure
22. Potter
23. Treasure
24. Cleveland

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Prelim Output
Instructions: Knowing the IPA and the sounds each symbol represents is good way to improve your
English-speaking skills. Your task is to record yourself producing the 44 sounds in the International
Phonetic Alphabet. Follow the guidelines and make sure to watch the YouTube video below to know
what to do.

Sounds of English Vowels and Consonants phonetic symbols

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjcrR2K824U

Guidelines:
1. First, introduce yourself. (Dela Cruz, Juan BSBA FM 1)
2. Next, produce the sound of the first vowel (/i:/) in the IPA followed by the sample word.
Continue until the last consonant sound (/j/).
3. When recording yourself, make sure you are dressed appropriately.
No sando or sleeveless shirt for both male and female students.
4. Please record your video in a well-lit room. Also, face the camera when producing the sounds.
You are allowed to have a copy with you but maintain eye-contact (eyes directed to the
camera/screen) as often as possible.
5. Record yourself from the head down to the upper torso/ chest area only.
No full-body video recording.
6. Limit your video recording to a maximum of 3 minutes.
7. Once done, post your video recording on our group chat on (date and time).
No early submissions.