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Module in SP 101 – Knowledge and Philosophical Foundation of Social Work
Abra State Institute of

Sciences and Technology
College of Arts and Sciences
Course
Code: SP 101
Course Knowledge and Philosophical
Title: Foundation of Social Work
Name of Student: _________________________________________
Course & Year: ___________________________________________
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Module
1 Historical Development of
Social Welfare
Module
Dear student,
Welcome to the first module of your course “Introduction to Social Work”. This
module focuses on the study of the development of charitable works or social services
that is design to augment, aid and protect individuals, groups and families from health
and economic distress. This short course will lead you to understand the historical
development of social work, how it begun and develop your understanding of some of
knowledge and theory associated with social work practice.
In this module you shall undertake the following lessons:

Lesson 1: Old World Background (European Beginning)
Lesson 2: English Social Welfare
Lesson 3: American Social Welfare
Lesson 4: Philippine Social Welfare
Some icons have been provided below to help you go through the activities in
each lesson.
This part of the lesson tells you the knowledge and

objectives that you should gain and activities to
Lesson demonstrate after each lesson.
O t
This icon contains activities that allow to tap your
prior knowledge.
This icon contains the facts and discusses the

topic of each lesson
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This icon contains activities to assess your

learnings.
Other General Guidelines:
The following general guidelines shall be observed in undertaking this module.
1. Rule of Honesty. As a future professional, you need to be a model of truth.

Copying someone’s output is strictly prohibited. Always remember, it's not the
high grade that measures how intelligent you are, it’s always how you live and
practice the knowledge you have.
2. Rule of Obedience and Humility. The secret of success is obedience and

humility. Follow instructions and implement directions promptly. By doing so, I
am certain that you will get a high mark and evaluation in the end. Remember,
you will lose everything with pride but you will gain much with compliance.
3. Rule of Creativity and Innovation. Your work reflects yourself, so they say.
Creative and innovative thinking skills are part of survival skills of this
generation. Your creativity and innovativeness will bring you to places. Hence,
every activity required of you in this module is expected to bring out the best in
you. Remember, you can rule the world with your bright idea and creation.
4. Rule of Reward and Accomplishment. Every work done merits an

acknowledgment. Thus, your efforts should not be in vain and they should be
given due reward. Remember, points earned reflect your abilities and efforts.
General Objectives
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Trace the historical development of social welfare.
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2. Describe and analyze its implication to social work setting.

3. Familiarize with the events that has been transpired in each period.
4. Summarize the historical development of social welfare.
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Pre-assessment
Directions: Answer the following questions given below. Make your answer concisely.
1.Write something you already know about social work.

_______________________________________________________________________
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__________________________
1. Write something you want to know about social work.
_______________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
__________________________
2. What are your expectations in this course subject?
_______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
__________________________
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Lesson Old-World Background

1 (European Beginning)
Lesson Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Describe briefly the nature of social welfare during the Old-World

Background Beginning.
2. Identify pioneers who contributed to the development of social welfare.
3. Identify significant events during Old World Background period.
Explore
We will be discussing about the beginning concept of social welfare in Old World
Background, but before we procced to the lesson, you are asked to write your prior
knowledge about the nature of social welfare during this era. Write your answer on the
box provided below.
My prior knowledge on the nature of social welfare in Old World Background

Beginning
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Old World Background (European Beginning)

During the Old-World Background (European Beginning) Religious motivation
was the most powerful incentive for benevolence and charity. The early Christians
helped one another to face and eradicate poverty. Administration of charity were
facilitated by religious people. Some Monasteries were used as orphanages, homes for
the sick, those who have handicapped and as home for the homeless. During this
period, missionaries devoted their time in teaching, collecting alms and distributing relief
to the destitute and charitable institutions have been established.
Beginning concepts of social welfare
1.A Common Chest (1520)
 The prototype of the modern-day community chest founded by Martin

Luther. All relief goods must be distributed properly.
 The responsibility of the collection of funds and the distribution of reliefs to
the poor, the ill and the orphans was assumed by local authorities.
 Church wardens in this period were the one who leads in relief
administration.
 In the 16th Century, Juan Luis de Vives (Spanish philosopher),
recommended that aid be provided through vocational training,
employment and rehabilitation instead of the customary distribution of
alms. He perceived that the fate of individual poor deserved attention;
investigate the social condition of every pauper family.
2.Hamburg Experiment (1788)
 Professor Busch, Commissioner for Public Relief introduce district

system of investigation and distribution of relief to individual paupers
through volunteer committees. Children and youth were trained in
elementary courses and industrial school was attached to the central
orphan asylum.
3.Military Workhouse (1790)
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 It was established in Munich by Benjamin Thompson to prevent

begging by able-bodied paupers.
 It was used to manufactured clothing for the army in which the able-
bodied poor people are the priority to be employed.
 Hamburg and Munich relief systems were financed by taxation and by
collections of voluntary gifts.
4.Daugthers of Charity (1633)
 They are called the, “Forerunners of Social Work. It was founded by

Fr. Vicente de Paul. He recruited young women of the peasant class
for charitable work. He was known as the most important reformer
of charities.
Evaluate
I. Directions: Read the statement carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is

correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong. This a “Right minus wrong
policy”. Write your answers on the space provided (10 points)
1.) The Military Workhouse was Establish in Germany by Juan Luis de

Vives during the 16th Century.
2.) During the Old-World Background, Common Chest was the powerful
incentive for benevolence and charity.
3.) Missionaries in this period are the ones who leads charitable works to
destitute.
4.) A Common Chest or Community Chest was founded by Martin

Leather.
5. Daughters of Charity are the forerunners of Social Work during 1970’s.
II. Essay – Write your answer on the space provided below. Answer the
question briefly.
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If you have given a chance to live during the Old-World Background period, what
charitable work/s can you offer to destitute like the sick persons and abandoned
children? Why?
Job well done! You may proceed to the next lesson.
Lesso
n English Social Welfare
Period
2
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Lesson Outcomes
1. Describe briefly the nature of social welfare during the English Social
Welfare.
3. Identify significant events during old world background period.
Explore
For todays’ lesson, we will discuss about the “English Social Welfare Period, but
before we procced to the lesson, you are asked to write your prior knowledge
about the nature of social welfare during this era. Write your answer on the box
provided below.
My prior knowledge on the nature of social welfare during the English Social Welfare
period.
Discuss
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The English Social Welfare Period

In this period, the “English (Elizabethan) Poor Law” was the basis of English
Social Welfare. Religious foundation was still the philosophical base for caring for the
poor. Their main motive for alms giving was for the salvation of the soul of the donor/s.
During the 12th -15th Century, the church devoted from ¼ to 1/3 of the tithes and offering
collected from parishioners for charity. In England up to early part of the 20th century,
personal failure was considered as the main cause of poverty.
Salient Points of English Poor Law
a.) Primary responsibility for the care of the poor belonged to the individual’s family and
relatives.
b.) Those who would be supported who would be supported by relatives had to be
cared for the parish of the local community.
c.) Only the poor who were bonafide residents of the parish were eligible for assistance.
d.) The parish must maintain the impotent poor from voluntary distributions of the
parishioners through collections.
e.) General tax had been impost to provide “poor tax” and the main source for financing
of poor relief.
The English Poor Law classification of poor:

 The able-bodied-poor
 The impotent poor
 Dependent children
Emerging concepts of social welfare
1. Principle of Investigation
 Thomas Chalmers (1780-1847- a parish minister who organized a program of

private charity on the principle of neighborly aid.
 He developed the principle of investigation of each destitution’s case on
individual basis and attempting solution to the cause of distress.
 He stressed that personal interest in destitute fate is essential.
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2. Individual Approach (prototype of casework)
 London Charity Organization Society founded the individual approach in social

work known as “casework.”
 Edwin Chadwick recommended a system of government under central direction
decent aid to the poor, a sound public health protection, adequate housing,
recreation, and public schools for the entire population.
3. Charity Organization Society
 The COS encouraged growth of private charities, giving of donations and the
initiative among the volunteers for bringing individual aid to families who were in
economic distress.
 The COS used well-to-do volunteers to give aid to the poor but their main
emphasis was to exert moral influences that would change the life of the poor.
 It formed the groundwork for casework in the individual aid, and community
organization.
4. Settlement House (prototype of modern community chest)
 Toynbee Hall – first settlement house during the latter half of the 19th century in
London.
 The basic purpose of the settlement house is to establish contact between
educated men and women; the poor for their mutual benefits so that common
work and studies they could exercise a cultural influence beyond teaching of
special subjects.
5. Social Research by Charles Broth (1886)
 This study showed that one-third of the London population was living on or below
the “poverty line”
 Result of the research follows:
- Deterrent features of the poor laws were no solution
- There was a need for introducing more effective measures of social norm.
- Human suffering from being poor were due to insufficient wages,
environment, inadequate housing, and unhealthy sanitary equipment.
Twentieth Century Development
Beveridge report (1941)
 Declared that goal of security was guarantee a basic level of income for every
citizen with its own efforts so that his initiative to secure for himself and his family
more than a mere subsistence.
 Beveridge report consists the following:
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 Social Insurance- health insurance, unemployment, old age and

invalidity insurance, work’s man compensation, child birth and funeral
expenses.
 Family allowances – paid to every family with two or more than children
under 16 years of age without regard to the financial condition of the
family.
 Public Assistance – Financial assistance to persons in economic need,
Institutional and individual services.
Evaluate
Directions: Activity # 1:
List down the pioneers and their contribution to the development of social
welfare during English Social Welfare period.
Activity # 2. Explain briefly the emerging concepts of social welfare. Write your
answers on the space provided below. (20 points)
Principle of Individual Charity Settlement House Social

Investigation (prototype of
Approach Organization modern community Research (by
Society chest Charles Broth
Lesson
3 American Social Welfare
Period
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Lesson Outcomes
1.Describe briefly the nature of social welfare during the American Social
Welfare period.
3. Identify significant events during the American period.
Explore
This day, we will discuss about the “American Social Welfare Period, but before we
procced to the lesson, you are asked to write your prior knowledge about the nature of
social welfare during this era. Write your answer on the box provided below.
My prior knowledge on the nature of social welfare during the American Social
Welfare period.
Discuss
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The American Social Welfare Period

In this period, the concept of the English Poor Law remained as the basis for
public welfare in United States. During this time, paupers, beggars and vagrants were
regarded as morally deficient persons or criminals. The principle continues to be upheld
that the individual is primarily responsible for his welfare but that the community should
establish a basic measure of security in areas beyond the individual’s control.
Phases of development in American government of social welfare
1. First Phase: Poor Relief

- Care in almshouses was under the direct control of public officials.
- the cost of poor relief was funded by poor tax and later by public taxes.
2. Second Phase: State institutional for special groups

- in this phase, institutions were set up for: care for the insane, care for the
mentally different, care for the blind and care for the deaf and deaf-mute.
3. Third Phase: Creation of state board of charities and regulations

- it emphasized the system of placing children and adults in the community
whenever it was not absolutely necessary for them in almshouses, hospitals
and asylums. The first state board was held in Massachusset year 1863.
4. Fourth Phase: Aid to the needy without institutionalization

- Special measures were enacted by state legislations to meet the needs of
special groups without putting them in institutions.
- In the year 1903, president Theodore Roosevelt ordered the creation of the
US Children’s Bureau, the first implied assumption of federal responsibility for
social welfare.
5.Fifth Phase: the entry of federal government to social welfare

- Aid to indigents was provided through purely on pure relief. The 1930’s Great
Depression in U.S had resulted to millions of unemployment and mass
destitution.
a) Emergency Relief and Reconstruction Act 1932 -to assist industry and
agriculture to provide funds to state for relief work
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b) Civilian Conservation Corps (1933) – to provide work opportunities for young

men in the conservation of natural resources.
c) Federal Emergency Relief Act (1933) – to provide for grants to state for relief
through employment in public sponsored projects.
- At the end of the federal government, they assumed the major responsibility
for social welfare which resulted to the passage of the Social Security Act
1935.
6. Sixth phase: Social Security

- Social Security Act by Pres. Franklin Roosevelt was passed during his
administration. In this phase, it brought much broader resources to bear upon
the problems of social welfare. It was a new approach in attending to the
problem of income maintenance during crisis.
a. Public assistance: Old age, aid to the blind, aid to disabled, aid to families
with dependent children, medical aid.
b. Aid to the states for service programs: child welfare, crippled children,
medical aid.
7.Seventh Phase: War on Poverty

- The Economic Opportunity Act (1964) was enacted and “War on Poverty was
the rallying point.
- It was designed to attend the problems of poverty, education, mental health,
vocational rehabilitation, public health and medical care, housing and urban
development.
Major Development in United States Social Welfare
1.Charity Organization – also called the pioneering in casework.

- Welfare provider were called as “Friendly Visitor.”
2.Settlement House
- Hull House in Chicago - It was the first settlement house in U.S founded by
Jane Adams and Ellen Gates in 1889. Residents of settlements houses
became the champions for social reform. They fought for: Equal opportunities
for poor and handicapped and the abolition of prejudice and discrimination
against people because of their skin, religion, race and foreign birth.
Basic Policy of American Social Welfare
1.Basic Principle
- Every individual is primarily responsible for his well-being but the community
should establish a basic measure of security in areas beyond the individual’s
contribution.
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2.Basic Objective
- The development, achievement, and happiness of individual.
Basic ideas that influenced social welfare
1.Protestant Ethics
- one’s life should be a vocation, followed with zealous and disciplined
scrupulosity.
2.Laissez-faire
- There should be freedom to invest and trade for men worked harder when
they worked for themselves.
3.Social Darwinism (Survival of the fittest)

- Successful competition in the market place is inevitably accompanied by
hardships and inequities.
- Only those fit survive the competition.
Evaluate
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Identify what is being ask in the following
sentences. Write your answer on the space provided before each item.
_______________1. This concept was the basis for public welfare in the U.S during the
English Social Welfare period.
_______________2. They were regarded as morally deficient persons or criminals.
_______________3. It was the first settlement house in U.S founded by Jane Adams
and Ellen Gates in 1889.
_______________4. It is also called the pioneering in casework.
_______________5. Only those fit survive in the competition.
______________6. In this phase, the Economic Opportunity Act (1964) was
enacted and “War on Poverty was the rallying point.
______________7. This principle tells that every individual is primarily responsible for
his well-being but the community should establish a basic measure of security in areas
beyond the individual’s contribution.
______________8. It where the first state board was had took place.
______________9. It resulted to millions of unemployment and mass destitution in U.S
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_____________10. In this phase, institutions were set up for care for the insane, care
for the mentally different, care for the blind and care for the deaf and deaf-mute.
Activity 2-Essay
Write a brief reaction paper regarding our topic: the American Social Welfare period.
Please use the space provided below. (10 points)
You are doing great! You may now proceed to our next lesson.
Lesson
4 Philippine Social Welfare
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Lesson Outcomes
1.Describe briefly the nature of social welfare during the Philippine Social
Welfare period.
3. Identify significant events during the Philippine Social Welfare period.
Explore
This day, we will discuss about the “Philippine Social Welfare Period, but before we
procced to the lesson, you are asked to write your prior knowledge about the nature of
social welfare during this era. Write your answer on the box provided below.
My prior knowledge on the nature of social welfare during the Philippine Social
Welfare period.
Discuss
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The Philippine Social Welfare

This topic presents of how social welfare evolved in the Philippines from Pre-Spanish
period up to present.
1.Pre-Spanish Period (900 AD-1521)

– Social Welfare during the pre-Spanish time centered on mutual aid and economic
survival. Basic concept this during this time was the concept of “Bayanihan and
Damayan”
2.Spanish Period (1565-1898)

– The Spaniards taught people to do good toward others in exchange for the
salvation of their soul which was the underlying philosophy behind all social
welfare activities.
– Religion was the motivating force for charity.
– Forms of charity: almsgiving, charitable institutions and hospital for less
fortunate.
Significant developments during Spanish period
 Several Institutions had been established

a) San Lazaro Hospital (1578) – was built for the Filipino beggars and serve
as hospital for the leppers,
b) Hospicio de San Jose (1882) – for orphans and the aged people, the
mentally defective and young boys requiring for reform.
c) Asilo de San Vicente de Paul (1885) – asylum for care and protection of
indigent and orphan girls.
d) San Juan de Dios Hospital (1596) – for indigent and sick Spaniards
e) Santa Isabel – school for indigent girls
f) San Juan de Letran – school for indigent boys.
3.First Philippine Republic (1896-19020)

- Hilaria Aguinaldo, wife of President of First Republic introduced the concept of
the red Cross.
- Tandang Sora also known as Melchora Aquino took care of the sick and fed
wounded soldiers.
- In 1902, the civil government created the Insular Board to coordinate and
supervise private institutions engage in social welfare work and to provide
subsidy for the expansion hospitals and asylums.
- In1907, LA Gota de Leche was established to furnish child-caring institutions
with fresh cow’s milk from dairy farm in Pasay Manila.
- In 1908, the Philippine General Hospital was established.
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- February 5, 1915-Public Welfare Board was created under legislative Act

No.2510 to coordinate welfare activities of various existing charitable
organization.
- January 1917- the Orphanage Welfare Ville was set up. It was the first entity of
the government to operate as a welfare agency and an initial step in child
welfare.
- Parens Patriae – Child welfare concept that it is the duty of the government to
place the children in better circumstances whenever the parents could not
provide adequate care for themselves.
- Child Welfare Laws - led to the establishment of more child caring institution for
orphans, abandoned, neglected children, care, training and treatment of juvenile
delinquent.
- 1910, a school for the deaf and blind was organized.
- In 1917- 1924, Associated Charities of Manila was established. It was founded
with a concept of Community Chest. Its objective was to assure community
responsibility for social welfare. It became the first family welfare agency and the
first to use “casework” in the Philippines.
- In 1921, the office of the Public Welfare Commissioner (OPWC) was created
under Dept. of interior. Josefa Jara Martinez introduced the scientific approach
of Social Work in Philippines.
- In 1924, Philippine Legislative Act No.3203 relating to the care and custody of
neglected and delinquent children and providing probation officers for them.
- 1926 – association of Damas Filipinas founded a settlement house on Rizal Ave.,
Manila patterned after Jane Adams’ Hull house in Chicago.
Significant development of social welfare during Governor-General Frank

Murphy in 1933
 Social heath centers in selected communities.

 Encouraged the establishment of private colleges and technical schools.
 Gen. Murphy supported women suffrage
 Josefa Jara Martinez obtained a diploma in social worker from New York of
Social Work in 1921.
 Created the first housing committee which resulted to 31 model houses in Tondo
Bureau of Public Welfare (1941) under the Department of Health and Public
Welfare Functions:
 To coordinate, supervise and relate all social service activities.

 To provide social services to children.
 to provide public assistance to needy individuals and families.
4. Commonwealth Period (1935-1946)

- In 1940, Pres. Manuel L. Quezon passed the anti-usury laws, the 8-hour labor
law, laws fixing minimum wages (P1 in province an P1.25 in cities), laws related
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to insurance, pensions and women and child labor. He initiated housing projects
making it possible for tenants to buy on easily installment plans.
- In 1939, Commonwealth Act No. 439 created the Department of Health and
Public Welfare.
- 1941 was the establishment of Public Assistance Service. The Bureau of Public
Welfare officially became part of the Department of health and Public Welfare.
The Bureau also managed all public child-caring institutions and the provisions of
child welfare services.
5. Japanese Period (1941-1945)

- During this period, social welfare activities consisted mainly of giving medical
care and treatment, as well as food clothing to the wounded soldiers, prisoners
and civilians.
6.POST WAR YEARS

- In 1946, the Bureau of Public Welfare (BPW) was re-open, but because of lack of
funds, its operation was limited.
- UN General Assembly created the United Nations International Children’s
Emergency Fund (UNICEF)
- 1947- the creation of the organization: Philippine Association of Social Workers.
BPW became the “Social Welfare Commission” under the president. SWC three
categories: Child Welfare, Public Assistance, Coordination and Supervision.
- 1948-1950 – President Quirino created the “President’s Action Committee on
Social Amelioration (PACSA). It is a comprehensive program of health,
education, welfare, agriculture, public works and financing.
- January 3, 1951 – SWC and PACSA were fused into Social Welfare
Administration
The three division of Social Welfare Administration (SWA)
o Division of Public Assistance -responsible for relief
o Child Welfare Division- Casework and guidance services
o Division of Rural Welfare created by Administrative Order no.7, on
September 5, 1951 due to increasing problems in rural areas.
- November 24,1964 – adopted the Phil. Social Work Code of Ethics.
- 1965 – it was the formal recognition of Social Work as a profession in the
Philippines.
o RA 4373 (The Social Work Law)- an Act to regulate the practice of social
work and the operation of social work agencies in the Philippines.
- June 15, 1968 – Pres. Ferdinand Marcos signed RA 5416 creating Department of
Social Welfare
o Program: Family and child welfare, Youth Welfare, Rehabilitation of the
handicapped and General Assistance in times of disasters and calamities.
7. The Development of Social Welfare in 1970’s
- Department of Social Welfare became Department of Social Services and
Development shifting emphasis from traditional to community-oriented programs
and services (people’s own capacities for problem solving).
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- Pres. Marcos issued PD No.1397, converting departments into ministries thus

the ministry of social services and development.
8.The Eighties
- Self-employment Assistance (SEA) as the Ministry of Social Services and
Development (MSSD) banner program was upgraded to be more responsive to
client’s need.
- January 30, 1987 – under Executive Order No.123, Pres. Aquino Organized
MSSD and changed it to DSWD, from welfare or relief agency to the greater task
of development.
9.The Nineties
- The DSWD continued the 5 program areas concern during the early nineties. It
also gave priority attention to Low Income Municipalities (LIMs) and other socially
depressed barangays.
- The aftermath of the Mt Pinatubo eruption was the use of Crisis incident Stress
(CISD), a form of crisis intervention used with victims of disaster and other crisis
situation.
- Oct. 10, 1991, RA 7160 also known as the Local Government Code take into
effect the localization of programs/services from national government agencies.
10.2000 -Present
- Year 2003 CIDSS became KALAHI – CIDSS as the banner or the movement
against poverty. It is the government’s key strategy for poverty alleviation whose
ultimate goal is infrastructure, livelihood and financing interventions.
Evaluate
Directions: Describe briefly the nature of social welfare during the different periods in
the Philippines. Write your answers on the space provided below.
You may use other sheet of paper if needed. (20 points)
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Summary
 The evolvement of social welfare history is a multifaceted study of the evolution
of philanthropic acts through volunteerism, donation, efforts and other forms of
altruism to help needy and vulnerable persons who could not give care for
themselves.
 These activities were designed to promote the well-being of every individual,

groups and families to eliminate or reduce the social problems that are affecting
the social functioning of every person.
 Religious Beliefs was the basis to inspired for deep compassion towards poor
people have a firm conviction and strong sense of justice.
 The interplay of traditions and religious beliefs during the period of colonial rule
have undoubtedly helped and construct the Philippine approach to social work
and influences now to operate community focused initiatives aimed at promoting
social economic development.
Post - Assessment
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Directions: Read and Analyze the statements carefully. Write your answer on the
space provided.
________ 1. It became the most powerful incentive for benevolence and charity
particularly in Christian religious teachings.
A. Charity
B. Religious Motivation
C. Common Chest
D. Military workhouse
_____ 2. It was established in Munich to prevent begging by able-bodied pauper.

A. Military workhouse
B. Humberg Experiment
C. Common Chest
D. Charity
_______ 3. It is the government’s key strategy for poverty alleviation whose ultimate
goal is infrastructure, livelihood and financing interventions.
A. CISD
B. CIDSS
C. KALAHI-CIDSS
D. LMIs
_______ 4. In what year did Pres. Ferdinand Marcos signed RA 5416 creating
Department of Social Welfare?
A. July 15, 1968
B. June 15, 1968
C. June 15, 1963
D. June 13, 1985
________ 5. She introduced the scientific approach of Social Work in Philippines.

A. Josefa Llanes Escoda
B. Tandang Sora
C. Josefa Jara Martinez
D. Asunzion Perez
________ 6. was built for the Filipino beggars and serve as hospital for the leppers
A. Hospicio de San Jose
B. San Juan de Letran
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C. San Lazaro Hospital

D. San Juan de Dios Hospital
________ 7. It was the first settlement house during the latter half of the 19th century in
London.
A. Hull House
B. Toynbee Hall
C. Almshouse
D. Monasteries
________ 8. Department of Social Welfare became Department of Social Services and

Development shifting emphasis from traditional to community-oriented programs and
services (people’s own capacities for problem solving).
A. 1960’s
B. 1970’s
C. 1980’s
D. 2000- present
_________ 9. It was founded on the concept of the English Poor Law which remained
as the basis for public welfare in United States up to the 19th century.
A. English Social Welfare
B. Philippine Social Welfare
C. Ancient Social Welfare
D. American Social Welfare
_________ 10. It was created by president Elpidio Quirino on Jan. 3, 1951 as the
government agency for social welfare.
A. Bureau of Public Welfare (BPW)
B. Social Welfare Commission (SWC)
C. Social Welfare Administration (SWA)
REFERENCES:
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1.Thelma Lee Mendoza, Social Welfare and Social Work, Third edition, Central Book
Supply Inc., 927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City Philippines, 2008.
2.Review Notes in Social Work, published by Schools of Social Work Association of

the Philippines, 1978.
3.KZW113 Foundations for social work

practicehttp://www.open.ac.uk/courses/modules/kzw113
4.Charles Zaztrow, Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare, Twelfth Edition,
George Williams College of Aurora University, 2017
Module
2 Theoretical Framework of
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Dear student,
Welcome to the second module of your course Introduction to Social Work. This
module focuses on the study of the Theoretical Framework of Social Work. In this
module you will be learning about the social work as a profession, attributes of social
work, some basic concepts related to social work and the functions of social work.
In this module you shall undertake the following lessons:

Lesson 1: Social Work as A Profession
Lesson 2: Attributes of Social Work
Lesson 3: Basic Concepts Related Social Work
Lesson 4: Functions of Social Work
This module is composed of three (3) parts namely: Explore, Discuss and
Evaluate. To guide you along each lesson, the following icons will help you go through
the activities.
This part of the lesson tells you the knowledge and

objectives that you should gain and activities to
Lesson demonstrate after each lesson.
O t
This icon contains activities that allows to tap your
prior knowledge.
This icon contains the facts and discusses the

topic of each lesson
This icon contains activities to assess your

learnings.
Other General Guidelines:
The following general guidelines shall be observed in undertaking this module.
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1.Rule of Honesty. As a future professional, you need to be a model of truth.

Copying someone’s output is strictly prohibited. Always remember, it's not the high
grade that measures how intelligent you are, it’s always how you live and practice
the knowledge you have.
2.Rule of Obedience and Humility. The secret of success is obedience and

humility. Follow instructions and implement directions promptly. By doing so, I am
certain that you will get a high mark and evaluation in the end. Remember, you will
lose everything with pride but you will gain much with compliance.
3.Rule of Creativity and Innovation. Your work reflects yourself, so they say.
Creative and innovative thinking skills are part of survival skills of this generation.
Your creativity and innovativeness will bring you to places. Hence, every activity
required of you in this module is expected to bring out the best in you. Remember,
you can rule the world with your bright idea and creation.
4.Rule of Reward and Accomplishment. Every work done merits an

acknowledgment. Thus, your efforts should not be in vain and they should be given
due reward. Remember, points earned reflect your abilities and efforts.
General Objectives
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Understand and appreciate the nature of the social work profession.
2. Familiarize with the basic concepts related to social work and its application
to social work practice.
3. Have a deep understanding on the professional development and regulatory

requirements for those who wish to develop their professionalism.
Pre-assessment
Directions: Answer the following questions given below. Make your answer concisely.
1. Write something you already know about social work profession.

______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________
__________________________
2. Write something you want to know about social work profession.

______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
__________________________
3. What are your expectations in this module?
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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Lesson
1 The Social Work Profession
Lesson Outcomes
1. Write your prior knowledge about the social work profession.

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2. Determine on the nature of the social work profession.
3. Make your own definition about social work.
32
Explore
Today, we will discuss about the social work as a profession. But before we
proceed, let me check first your your prior undesrtanding abouth this topic. I know that
before you enrolled and considered this course, you have already some ideas that
attracted you to enroll this course. Write your answer on the box provided below. 2-5
sentences may do.
My prior knowledge about social work as a profession.
Discuss
The Social Work as A Profession
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Profession from an Occupation (Boehm)

 Responsible to the public interest, contribute to its service to the advancement
of social well-being and accountable to the public.
 Possess coherent, systematic and transmissible body of knowledge rooted in

scientific theories rather than the use as a rule of thumb
 Practitioner adheres to identifiable body of values and displace attitudes that
emanates from these values (professional attitude)
 Have a body of skills which result from the fusion of attitude and knowledge.
 Members of an organized profession who shares common knowledge, skills,
attitudes, and norms.
Definition of Social Work
Social Work
 it promotes social change, problem solving in human relationship and the
empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. As a
profession, it aims to create more caring, just and inclusive social
environment. (Fook 2002)
 It is a profession charged with fulfilling the social welfare mandate

promote well-being and quality of life (Bubois and Miley 2002)
 Is a profession that has two very broad and overlapping dimensions. On

the other hand, social work is a helping profession: It focuses on helping
people solve or present the occurrence of personal or social problems.
Social work on the other hand, aims to social change. (Heionen, T. &
Spearman, L. (2001)
 It is a profession that seeks to enhance the impaired social functioning of

an individual, families and groups.
 It is a profession which is concerned with man’s adjustment to his

environment: a person (or groups) in relation to a person’s (or their)
social situation.
 It is a profession which is primarily concerned with organized social

service activity aimed at facilitating and strengthening basic social
relationships and the mutual adjustment between individuals and their
social environment for the good of the individual and society by the use
of social work methods (RA 4373, 1965)
Republic Act 4373 – The Social Work Law
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REPUBLIC ACT No. 4373
An Act to Regulate the Practice of Social Work and the Operation of Social Work
Agencies in the Philippines and for Other Purposes
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippine Congress

Assembled:
Article I
Definition of Terms
Section 1. As used in this Act:
a. Social work is the profession which is primarily concerned with organized

social service activity aimed to facilitate and strengthen basic social relationships
and the mutual adjustment between individuals and their social environment for
the good of the individual and of society by the use of social work methods.
b. A "social worker" as used in this Act is a practitioner who by accepted

academic training and social work professional experience possesses the skill to
achieve the objectives as defined and set by the social work profession, through
the use of the basic methods and techniques of social work (case work, group
work, and community organization) which are designed to enable individuals,
groups and communities to meet their needs and to solve the problems of
adjustment to a hanging pattern of society and, through coordinated action, to
improve economic and social conditions, and is connected with an organized
social work agency which is supported partially or wholly from government or
community solicited funds.
c. A "social work agency" is a person, corporation or organization, private or

governmental, that engages mainly and generally, or represents itself to engage
in social welfare work, whether case work, group work, or community work, and
obtains its finances, either totally or in part, from any agency or instrumentality of
the government and/or from the community by direct or indirect solicitations
and/or fund drives, and/or private endowment.
Article II
Organization of the Board of Examiners for Social Workers
Section 2. Name and Composition of the Board Within Sixty Days After the Approval of
This Act.— there shall be created a Board of Examiners for Social Workers hereinafter
to be referred to as the Board, composed of a Chairman and four members who shall
be appointed by the President of the Philippines with the consent of the Commission on
Appointments from among social workers of recognized standing in the Philippines, and
who, at the time of their appointment shall:
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a. Be a citizen and resident of the Philippines;
b. Be at least thirty years of age and of good moral character;
c. Possess a Master’s Degree in Social Work (M.S.S.W., M.S.S., M.A.S.W., or its

equivalent) conferred by a reputable school, college or university duly recognized
by the government and also by a duly accredited school, college or university
abroad.
d. Have had at least five years of practice in a social work agency in the case of
a holder of Bachelor’s Degree in Social Work or its equivalent, or at least two
years of social work practice in the case of a holder of a Master’s Degree in
Social Work or its equivalent, after receiving the respective degree.
e. Be a registered social worker duly qualified to practice social work under this
Act: Provided, However, that this qualification shall not be required of the first
appointees to the Board under this Act, and;
f. Not be a member of the faculty of any school, college or university at the time
of appointment; nor during the year immediately preceding the appointment to be
a member of the Board conferring the Bachelor’s and/or Master’s degree in
social work, or shall have any direct or indirect pecuniary interest in such
institution.
Section 3. Function and Duties of the Board.— The Board shall have the following
function and duties:
a. To administer the provisions of this Act;
b. To administer oaths in connection with the administration of this Act;
c. To prepare the official seal of the Board ;
d. To issue, suspend, and revoke certificates of registration for the practice of

social work;
e. To look into the conditions affecting the practice of social work in the
Philippines, and, whenever necessary, adopt such measures as may be deemed
proper for the maintenance of the good standing and the ethics of the profession
of social work; and
f. To investigate such violations of this Act or of the rules and regulations issued
thereunder as may come to the knowledge of the Board , and, for this purpose, to
issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum to secure the appearance of
witnesses and the production of documents in connection therewith.
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Section 4. Term of Office.— The members of the Board shall hold office for a term of
three years or until their successors shall have been appointed and duly
qualified: Provided, That the members of the first Board appointed under this Act shall
hold office for the following terms: the Chairman for three years, two members for two
years, and two members for one year, which shall be specified in their appointment. Any
vacancy occurring within the term of a member shall be filled for the unexpired portion
of the term only. Each member of the Board shall qualify by taking the proper oath of
office prior to entering upon the performance of his or her duties. No member shall
succeed himself on the Board.
Section 5. Executive Officer and Secretary of the Board.— The Commissioner of Civil
Service shall be the Executive Officer of the Board and he shall conduct the
examinations given by it according to the rules and regulations promulgated by the
Board and approved by the President of the Philippines.1âшphi1 The members shall
elect a Secretary among them, who shall take charge of the records. All the records of
the Board, including examination papers, minutes of deliberations, and records of
administrative proceedings and investigations shall be kept by the Civil Service
Commission.
Section 6. Compensation of the Board Members.— The Chairman and members of the
Board shall each receive as compensation the sum of ten pesos for each applicant
examined.
Section 7. Removal of Board Members.— Any member of the Board may be removed
by the President7 of the Philippines upon the recommendation of the Commissioner of
Civil Service8 for continued neglect of duty, incompetence, unprofessional, unethical,
immoral, or dishonorable conduct, for commission or toleration of irregularities in the
examination, after having been given the opportunity to defend himself in a proper
administrative investigation.
Section 8. Rules and Regulations.— Subject to the approval of the President of the
Philippines9 and with the advice of the Commissioner of Civil Service the Board shall
set ethical and professional standards for the practice of social work in general, and
adopt such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this
Act. Such standards, rules and regulations shall take effect thirty (30) days after
publication in the Official Gazette.
Section 9. Annual Report.— The Board shall submit an annual report to the President
of the Philippines and to Congress after the close of the fiscal year, giving a detailed
account of the proceedings of the Board during the year and embodying such
recommendations as the board may desire to make.
Article III
Examination and Registration of Social Workers
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Section 10. Practice of Social Work and Appointment as Social Workers.— Unless
exempt from registration, no person shall practice or offer to practice social work in the
Philippines as defined in this Act, or be appointed as a social worker or to any position
calling for social worker in any social work agency whether private or government
without holding a valid certificate of registration as a social worker issued by the Board
of Examinees for Social Workers: Provided, That registration shall not be required of
recognized social workers or authorities on social work who are residents and/or
citizens of other countries called in for consultations in any agency working with the
United Nations and/ or similar international social agencies: Provided, further, That no
provisions of this Act shall be construed to prejudice permanently appointed social
workers who are employed in private or government social work agencies at the date of
approval of this Act, who shall continue to enjoy right to promotion and salary increases,
refinement benefits and other previously acquired rights: Provided, Furthermore, That
those who at the time of the effectivity on this Act, possess the qualifications
enumerated in Section twelve and are actually engaged in the practice of social work for
a period of five years in a social work agency recognized by the Community Chest,
Council of Welfare Agencies, Philippine Youth Welfare Coordinating Council, or Social
Welfare Administration, shall be exempted from taking the examination as provided
herein if they register as social workers within a period of one year after the approval of
this Act: Provided, Still Further, That those who before the effectivity of this Act are
holding regular appointment to social work positions in the government service on a
provisional status for lack of the educational qualifications required under this Act for the
purpose of taking the Board examination and have rendered five years or more of
continuous and satisfactory service in social work shall, within a period of ten years but
not later than December thirty-first, nineteen hundred seventy-eight, be allowed to retain
their positions in order to qualify as registered social workers under the provisions
hereof: And Provided, finally, that any person who at the time of the effectivity of this
amendatory Act possesses the qualifications enumerated in Section twelve hereof
except that which is specified in subparagraph (d) of Section two hereof and who has
been openly performing the functions of, or practicing as, a social worker as defined in
this Act for at least a total of ten years prior to the effectivity of this amendatory Act,
shall be allowed to continue performing such functions or such practice in the same
office or agency until he or she retires without the necessity of examination for
registration provided that an affidavit affirming the circumstances of such continuous
practice or a certification by the Civil Service to the same effect is filed with the Board.
Section 11. Holding of Examinations.— Except as otherwise specifically allowed under

the provisions of this Act, all applicants for registration as social workers shall be
required to undergo a written examination which shall be given by the Board annually in
Manila at such time and place as may be fixed by it, subject to the approval of the
Commissioner of Civil Service and the President of the Philippines. Written or printed
notices of such examination shall be mailed to each candidate who has filed his name
and address with the Secretary of the Board at least thirty (30) days prior to the date of
the examination.
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Section 12. Qualification of Applicants.— In order to be admitted to take the social work
examination, an applicant must, at the time of filing his or her application therefore,
establish to the satisfaction of the Board that:
a. He or she is a citizen of the Philippines;
b. He or she is at least twenty-one years of age;
c. He or she in good health and is of good moral character;
d. He or she has received a diploma as a holder of a bachelor’s degree or

master’s degree or its equivalent in social work from an institution, college or
university duly accredited and legally constituted: Provided, That the provisions
of Republic Act Numbered Twenty-two hundred and sixty insofar as cultural
minorities are concerned be applied; and
e. He or she has completed a minimum period of one thousand case hours of

practical training in an established social work agency under the direct
supervision of a fully trained and qualified social worker.
Section 13. Scope of Examination.— The examination for the practice of social work in
the Philippines shall consist of a written test, the scope of which shall be determined
and prescribed by the Board, taking into consideration the curriculum of all the social
work courses offered in schools legally constituted in the Philippines: Provided, That no
change or alteration in or addition to the subjects for examination shall be made within
two years from the date of the promulgation of said subjects. It shall be the duty of the
Board to prepare the schedule of subjects for examinations and to submit the same to
the President of the Philippines for approval through the Commissioner of Civil Service,
and to publish the same, as approved, at least three months before the date of the
examination wherein they are to be used. Any alteration or amendment that may be
made in said schedule shall likewise be approved by the President of the Philippines.
Section 14. Ratings in the Examination. — In order to pass the examination, a

candidate must obtain a general rating of at least seventy percent in the written test,
with no rating below fifty percent in any subject.
Section 15. Report of Results of Examination. — The Board of Examiners for Social
Workers shall, within one hundred twenty days after the examination, report the ratings
obtained by each candidate to the Commissioner of Civil Service who shall, with his
recommendation, submit such ratings to the President of the Philippines.
Section 16. Oath of Social Workers. — All successful examinees shall be required to
take a professional oath before the Board or before any person authorized to administer
oaths, prior to entering upon the practice of social work in the Philippines.
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Section 17. Issuance of Certificates. — Certificates of registration as a social worker

shall be issued to all applicants who pass the examination, after approval of her or his
ratings by the President of the Philippines, and upon payment of the required fees.
Every certificate of registration shall show the full name of the registrant and serial
number, and shall bear the signatures of the members of the Board, attested to by the
Secretary of the Board, and duly authenticated with the official seal of the Board of
Examiners for Social Workers. The issuance of a certificate of registration by the Board
to the registrant shall be evidence that the person named therein is entitled to all the
rights and privileges of a registered social worker until said certificate, for just cause, is
revoked temporarily or canceled.
Section 18. Registration by Reciprocity.— A certificate of registration may be issued

without examination to social workers registered under the laws of any foreign state or
country: Provided, That the requirements for the registration or licensing of social
workers in said foreign state or country, are substantially the same as those required
and contemplated by this Act: And Provided, further, That the laws of such state or
country grant the same privileges to Filipino social workers on the same basis as the
subject or citizens of such foreign state or country.
Section 19. Fees for Examination and Registration.— Applicants for examination for the
social work profession shall pay an examination fee of fifty pesos. Successful applicants
shall pay a registration fee of thirty pesos. All such fees shall be paid to the disbursing
officer of the Civil Service Commission, and such officer shall pay from the receipts
thereof, all the authorized expenses of the Board, including the compensation of its
Chairman and members.
Section 20. Refusal to Issue Certificates in Certain Cases.— The Board of Examiners
for Social Workers shall refuse to issue a certificate of registration to any person
convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction of any criminal offense involving moral
turpitude, and to any person guilty of immoral or dishonorable conduct, or to one of
unsound mind or suffering from an incurable or infectious disease. The Board shall give
the applicant a written statement setting forth the reason or reasons for its action, which
statement shall be incorporated in the records of the Board.
Section 21. Revocation and Suspension of Certificates.— The Boards shall also have
the power to revoke or suspend the validity of a certificate of registration of a social
worker for any of the causes mentioned in the preceding section, or for unprofessional
conduct, malpractice, incompetency, or serious ignorance of or negligence in the
practice of social work, or for making use of fraud, deceit or falsity to obtain a certificate
of registration. Certificates of registration shall be revoked only after due notice and
hearing.
Section 22. Reissuance of Revoked and Replacement of Lost Certificates.— The

Board may, for reasons of equity and justice, and upon proper application and
explanation therefore, issue another copy of the certificate upon payment of ten pesos.
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A new certificate of registration to replace any certificate lost, destroyed, or mutilated

may be issued subject to the rules of the Board upon payment of ten pesos (₱10.00).
Article IV
Registration of Social Work Agencies
Section 23. Registration with the Social Welfare Administration.— No social work
agency as defined herein shall separate and be accredited as such unless it shall first
have registered with the Social Welfare Administration which shall then issue the
corresponding registration certificate: Provided, That existing social work agencies at
the time of approval of this Act shall have a period of one year within which to secure
the corresponding certificate of registration. Before any social work agency shall be duly
registered, the following requirements must have been complied with to the satisfaction
of the Social Welfare Administrator:
1. That the applicant must be engaged mainly or generally in social work activity;
2. That the applicant has employed a sufficient number of duly qualified and
registered social workers to supervise and take charge of its social work function
in accordance with accepted social work standards;
3. That the applicant must show in a duly certified financial statement that at least
sixty percent of its funds are disbursed for direct social work services; and
4. That the applicant keeps a social work record of all cases and welfare
activities handled by it.
Section 24. Financial Aid by the Government Agency or Instrumentality.— No

government agency or instrumentality shall give financial or other aid to any social work
agency unless the agency has been duly registered with the Social Welfare
Administration in accordance with the preceding section.
Section 25. Revocation of Certificate of Registration.— The Certificate of Registration

issued to any social work agency may be revoked if, after due investigation, the Social
Welfare Administration finds, that it has failed to perform the function as social work
agency, or it has violated existing laws, rules and regulations.
Article V
Sundry Provisions Relative to the Practice of Social Work
Section 26. Penal Provisions.— The following shall be punished by a fine of not less
than five hundred pesos nor more than two thousand pesos, or imprisonment for not
less than one month nor more than two years, or both, in the discretion of the court;
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a. Any person who shall practice or offer to practice social work in the Philippines
without being registered or exempted from registration in accordance with the provisions
of this Act;
b. Any person representing or attempting to use as his own, the certificate of registration
of another;
c. Any person who shall give any false or fraudulent evidence of any kind to the Board
or any member thereof in obtaining a certificate of registration as a social worker;
d. Any person who shall impersonate any registrant of like or different name;
e. Any person who shall attempt to use a revoked or suspended certificate of

registration;
f. Any person who shall in connection with his or her name, otherwise assume, use or
advertise any title or description tending to convey the impression that he or she is a
social worker without holding a valid certificate;
g. Any person who shall violate any provision of this Act;
h. Any person, corporation or entity operating as a social work agency without the
corresponding Certificate of Registration issued by the Social Welfare Administration.
(Redesignated as subparagraph (h) by §6, Republic Act No. 5157)
Section 27. Separability Clause.— If any provision of this Act or the application of such
provision to any person or circumstances is declared invalid, the Act or the application
of such provision shall not be affected by such declaration.
Section 28. Repealing Clause.— All Acts, executive orders, rules and regulations or
part thereof inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed.
Section 29. Effectivity.— This Act shall take effect upon its approval.
Approved: June 19, 1965.
(The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation)
Social Dysfunction are caused by the following:
a. Personal inadequacies or sometimes pathologies

b. Situational inadequacies
c. Both personal and situational inadequacies.
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Evaluate
Activity I – Agree or Disagree
Directions: Read and analyze the statements carefully. Write A if the statement is
correct and D if the statement is wrong. Write your answer on the space provided before
each item.
________1. The Ra 4373 recognizes all individuals engage in social welfare activities
as “social workers”.
________2. RA 4373 states the case work, group work and community organization
should be practiced as specializations by different social workers.
________3. The board of Examiners for social workers are appointed by the
professional association of social workers.
________4. The Board Examiners function does not include measures to maintain
professional ethics in social work as this is a concern of the Philippine Association of
Social Workers.
________5. A one-year post bachelor’s diploma or certificate course in social work
obtained by a non- BSSW holder will the educational requirement for taking the social
work board examination.
________6. The RA 4373 strictly requires only those social workers employed in the
government agencies to have certificates of registration as social workers.
________7. The Board Examiners for social workers should concern itself with one
conduct of registered social workers but not with the conditions affecting the practice of
social work in the Philippines.
________8. All social work agencies have to be registered and accredited by the
Department of Social Welfare and Development before they can operate.
________9. Social Work is a profession charged with fulfilling the social welfare
mandate promote well-being and quality of life.
________10. Social Work possess coherent, systematic and transmissible body of
knowledge rooted in scientific theories rather than the use as a rule of thumb.
Activity II. Construct your own definition about Social Work. Make it briefly. Write your
answer on the space provided below.
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Lesson
2 Attributes and Function of
Social Work
Lesson Outcomes
1. Identify the attributes and functions of social work profession and its
importance to social work practice.
2. Explain the different attributes of the social work profession.
3. Discuss and cite examples for the three functions of social work.
Explore
In this lesson, we are going to discuss about the attributes and functions of the
social work profession. In this activity, you are going to describe or write your
observations to the picture provided below.
Discuss
f t
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Attributes of Social Social Work

The five elements as constituting the distinguishing attributes of a profession,
according to Ernest Greenwood.
A. Systematic body of Theory

 skills that characterize a profession flow from and are supported by
a fund of knowledge that has been organized into tan internally
consistent system.
 The practice of profession involves the application of scientific
knowledge learned during the course of professional education, it is
not a hit or miss, trial and error kind of activity.
Three types of knowledge in social work
a.) Tested Knowledge- knowledge that has been established through scientific
study or research.
b.) Hypothetical knowledge -It has to undergo transformation into tested

knowledge.
c.) Assumptive knowledge – it is a practice of wisdom or the rule of thumb.

Through experience, you will learn and apply the knowledge you have.
B. Professional Authority
 extensive education in the system theory, it provides the
professional with a type of knowledge which the layman does not
have.
C. Community Sanction
 The community sanctions a profession’s authority by way of giving
it certain powers and privileges.
D. Regulative Code of Ethics
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 It serves to check possible abuses which can arise us of a

profession’s exercise of authority, and its accompanying powers
and privileges.
E. Professional Culture
 The interaction of social rules required the formal groups generate

a social configuration unique to the profession or professional
culture. It consists of the following:
a. Social Values – refer to the basic and fundamental

beliefs of a group, practically the for its existence.
b. Professional Norms – are the accepted standards of
behavior of doing things, which guides the professional
in various situation.
c. Symbols – are the meaning-laden items which includes
emblems, insignias, dress history, idioms, vocabulary
and its stereo types of professional, the client and the
layman.
Functions of Social Work

1.Restorative/Curative/Rehabilitative function of social work
 Is to assist individuals and groups to identify and resolve or
minimize problems arising out disequilibrium between themselves
and their environment (Thelma Lee Mendoza)
- Curative – it is use to remove affecting factors that causes social dysfunction in
a person’s life.
- Rehabilitative – use to restore a person’s life from dysfunction to functional.
2.Preventive Function
 It is use to identify potential areas of disequilibrium between
individuals or groups and the environment in order to prevent
occurrence of disequilibrium (Thelma Lee Mendoza)
Example: counselling to family planning, sex abuse, early marriage
etc.
 This involves an early discovery, control and elimination of those
situations which may have effect on social functioning.
3.Dvelopmental Function
 Its aim is both to help the individual make maximum use of his own
potentials and capacities as well as to further the effectiveness of
available social community resources. (Thelma Lee Mendoza)
Example: helping unemployed to get a job opportunity through
skills training, supplemental feeding for malnourished children etc.
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Evaluate
Directions:
1. Enumerate and discuss briefly the attributes of the social work profession.
2. Explain the three functions of social work and provide an example for each.
Write your answer on the space provided below. You may use another sheet of paper if
needed. (20 points)
Lesson
3 Basic Concepts Related to
Social Work
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Lesson Outcomes
1. Identify the basic concepts that are related to social work.
2. Identify the roles and functions of social welfare.
3. Come up with your own definition about the basic concepts related to social
work.
Explore
For todays’ lesson, we will discuss about the basic concepts related to social
work. But before going further to the topic, list down at least five social services that you
or your family and other relatives have already avail from the different social agencies.
Write your answers on the space I have provided below.
Social Services Social Agency
Discuss
f t
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Conceptual Definition of Social Welfare
 It is an organized system of social services and institutions, design to aid

individuals and groups to attain satisfying standards of life and health (Walter
Friedlander)
 It includes laws, programs benefits and services which assure or strengthen

provision for meeting social needs recognized as basic to the well-being of the
population and the better functioning of the social order (Elizabeth Wickenden)
 It encompasses the well-being of all members of human society, including their

physical, mental, emotional, social, economic and spiritual well-being. (Thelma
Lee Mendoza)
Ways that society responds to unmet needs or problems:
1.Individual and group efforts

-systematic and voluntary efforts undertaken by individuals and groups in
response to the unmet needs of people in a community.
2. Major societal institutions which have their designated roles and

responsibilities for meeting human needs
3.Social Agency
-Public and private a social agency is a major provision for helping people
with their problems.
Two views or conceptions of social welfare:

1.Residual formulation – conceives of the social welfare structure as
temporary, offered during emergency situations and withdrawn when the regular
social system is working again properly.
2. Institutional formulation – sees social welfare as a proper, legitimate
function of modern society
.
Categories of Social Welfare
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1.Social Security
Set of compulsory measures instituted to protect the individual and his family
against the consequences of an unavoidable interruption or serious diminution of the
earned income disposable for the maintenance of a reasonable standard of living.
2.Personal social services

functions which have bearing upon personal problems, individual situation of
stress of stress, or helping people in need and provision of direct services in
collaboration with workers from the government and voluntary agencies.
3.Public Assistance
- material/concrete aids, supports provided usually by government agencies to
people who have income or means of support for themselves and their families for
reasons such as loss of job, natural disasters.
Important goals of social welfare
1.Humanitarian and social justice goal

-it is based on the belief that man has the potential to realize himself, except that
physical, social economic, psychological and other factors sometimes hinder from
realizing his potentials.
- involves identification of the most afflicted, the most dependent, the most
neglected and those least able to help themselves and making them the priority target
for the investment of scarce resources.
2.Social control goal

- it is based on the recognition that needy, deprived or disadvantaged group may
strike out individually or collectively against what they consider to be an alienating or
offending society.
- if there is no law, life would be chaos.
3.Economic and Development goals

- places priority on those programs designed to support increases in the
production of goods and services and other resources that will contribute to economic
development.
Social Services
- These are programs and services or activities provided under various auspices,
to concretely answer the needs and problems of the members of the society
especially the needy and vulnerable ones.
Evaluate
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Activity 1 - Matching type

Directions: Match Colum A with that of Colum B. Write only the letter of the correct
answer on the space before each item.
1. It is a systematic and voluntary efforts undertaken by A.Social

individuals and groups in response to the unmet needs of Services
people in a community.
B. Social
2. sees social welfare as a proper, legitimate function of Agency
modern society
.
3. These are programs and services or activities provided C. Thelma Lee

under various auspices, to concretely answer the needs Mendoza
and problems of the members of the society especially
the needy and vulnerable ones.
4. programs designed to support increases in the D. Social

production of goods and services and other resources control goal
that will contribute to economic development.
5. - it is based on the recognition that needy, deprived or

disadvantaged group may strike out individually or E.Public
collectively against what they consider to be an alienating Assistance
or offending society.
6. it is based on the belief that man has the potential to F. Individual and
realize himself, except that physical, social economic, group efforts
psychological and other factors sometimes hinder from
realizing his potentials.
7. Public and private a social agency is a major provision G. Walter

for helping people with their problems. Friedlander
8. She stated that social welfare encompasses the well- H. Economic

being of all members of human society, including their and
physical, mental, emotional, social, economic and Development
spiritual well-being. goals
9. These are supports provided usually by government I.Humanitarian

agencies to people who have income or means of and social
support for themselves and their families for reasons justice goal
such as loss of job, natural disasters.
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10. It is an organized system of social services and J. Institutional

institutions, design to aid individuals and groups to attain formulation
satisfying standards of life and health.
Activity 2 -Essay
Write your own definition about Social Welfare and Social Service in 2-4 sentences. Use
the space provided below (10 points)
Summary
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 Social Work is a profession which is concerned with man’s adjustment to his

environment. A person in relation to his/her social situation.
 It is practice as a part of the team in various fields such as, health, education,
correction facilities, and community development.
 The ultimate goal of social work is to enhance the social functioning of every
individual, families, and groups.
 Social functioning is the result of man’s adjustment to his/her social environment;

a result from the performance of person’s various roles in society.
 Social Work is not only concerned with material aid or economic problems but
concerned also with the psychological aspect of individual whether these
problems can be the factors that can cause poverty, physical sickness, crime and
economic and emotional distress.
 Social Welfare it denotes various kind of or wide range of activities, which a

society undertakes to insure mutual support of its member of the society.
 Social Services are variety of programs that is designed to aid individual/s

especially the needy and vulnerable ones.
Post - Assessment
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Think and reflect at least three (3) social problems which your community faces
today, identify what are the causes of each problem and explain how it can be solved.
Write your answer on the space below.
Congrats! You did a great job.
REFERENCES:
1.Thelma Lee Mendoza, Social Welfare and Social Work, Third edition, Central Book
Supply Inc., 927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City Philippines, 2008.
2.William Rowe and Lisa A. Rapp-Paglicci, (Volume Editors) Comprehensive

Handbook of Social Work and Social Welfare (Social Work Practice) Volume 3,
John Willey & Sons, Inc.
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3.KZW113 Foundations for social work

practicehttp://www.open.ac.uk/courses/modules/kzw113
4.Charles Zaztrow, Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare, Twelfth Edition,
George Williams College of Aurora University, 2017
MSRedona2021

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Module in SP 101 – Knowledge and Philosophical Foundation of Social Work

Abra State Institute of

Name of Student: _________________________________________

Course & Year: ___________________________________________

In this module you shall undertake the following lessons:

This part of the lesson tells you the knowledge and

This icon contains the facts and discusses the

This icon contains activities to assess your

Other General Guidelines:

The following general guidelines shall be observed in undertaking this module.

1. Rule of Honesty. As a future professional, you need to be a model of truth.

2. Rule of Obedience and Humility. The secret of success is obedience and

4. Rule of Reward and Accomplishment. Every work done merits an

1. Trace the historical development of social welfare.

2. Describe and analyze its implication to social work setting.

1.Write something you already know about social work.

Lesson Old-World Background

1. Describe briefly the nature of social welfare during the Old-World

My prior knowledge on the nature of social welfare in Old World Background

Old World Background (European Beginning)

Beginning concepts of social welfare

1.A Common Chest (1520)

 The prototype of the modern-day community chest founded by Martin

2.Hamburg Experiment (1788)

 Professor Busch, Commissioner for Public Relief introduce district

3.Military Workhouse (1790)

 It was established in Munich by Benjamin Thompson to prevent

4.Daugthers of Charity (1633)

 They are called the, “Forerunners of Social Work. It was founded by

I. Directions: Read the statement carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is

1.) The Military Workhouse was Establish in Germany by Juan Luis de

4.) A Common Chest or Community Chest was founded by Martin

5. Daughters of Charity are the forerunners of Social Work during 1970’s.

Job well done! You may proceed to the next lesson.

The English Social Welfare Period

Salient Points of English Poor Law

The English Poor Law classification of poor:

Emerging concepts of social welfare

 Thomas Chalmers (1780-1847- a parish minister who organized a program of

2. Individual Approach (prototype of casework)

 London Charity Organization Society founded the individual approach in social

3. Charity Organization Society

4. Settlement House (prototype of modern community chest)

5. Social Research by Charles Broth (1886)

Twentieth Century Development

Beveridge report (1941)

 Social Insurance- health insurance, unemployment, old age and

Principle of Individual Charity Settlement House Social

The American Social Welfare Period

Phases of development in American government of social welfare

1. First Phase: Poor Relief

2. Second Phase: State institutional for special groups

3. Third Phase: Creation of state board of charities and regulations

4. Fourth Phase: Aid to the needy without institutionalization

5.Fifth Phase: the entry of federal government to social welfare

b) Civilian Conservation Corps (1933) – to provide work opportunities for young

6. Sixth phase: Social Security

7.Seventh Phase: War on Poverty

Major Development in United States Social Welfare