Human Re. Marking Scheme 2021-2022

INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL DAMMAM
GIRLS MIDDLE SECTION

CLASS 8: SOCIAL STUDIES NOTES (2022 – 23)
GEOGRAPHY : L- 6 : HUMAN RESOURCES
I. DEFINE:
1. Life expectancy: It is the number of years that an average person can expect to live.
2. Birth rate: The number of live births per 1000 people is termed as birth rate.
3. Death rate: The number of deaths per 1000 people is called death rate.
4. Natural growth rate : It is the difference between the birth rate & death rate of a country.
5. Migration: It refers to the movement of people from one place, region or country to
another and settling temporarily or permanently at the new location.
6. Immigration: When a person enters a new country, the act is termed immigration.
7. Emigration: When a person leaves a country, the act is termed emigration.
8. Population density: It is the number of people living in a unit area of the earth’s surface.
II. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

Q1. Why are ‘people’ considered as a ‘resource’?
A1. ‘People’ are considered as a ‘resource’ because:
i. Nature’s gifts becomes valuable only when humans find it useful.
ii. It is the demands and abilities of people that convert nature’s gifts into resources.
Q2. What do you mean by ‘pattern of population distribution’? List any three causes
for uneven distribution of population in the world.
A2. The way in which people are spread across a given area of earth’s surface is called
‘pattern of population distribution’ .
The causes for uneven distribution of population in the world are:
i. Geographical factors: Favourable climate, topography, fertile soil & availability of fresh
water and mineral resources determine the density of population in an area.
ii. Social and Cultural factors: Areas that provide good housing, education and health
facilities; and places with religious & cultural importance are densely populated.
iii. Economic factors: People are attracted to industrial areas that have more employment
opportunities; transport and communication facilities.
Q3.Explain how social, cultural and economic factors affect the distribution of
population?
A3. Population distribution is affected by:
i. Social factors: Areas with better housing, education and medical facilities are densely
populated. Eg. Pune
ii. Cultural factors: Places with religious and cultural importance attract people.
Eg. Varanasi
iii. Economic factors: Industrial areas provide employment opportunities and hence are
densely populated. Eg. Mumbai
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Q4. Discuss the role of ‘geographical factors in influencing the population
distribution of an area. (any 4)
A4. Population distribution is influenced by geographical factors like :
i. Topography: People prefer to live in plains like the Ganga plains as it provides suitable
land for farming, manufacturing and service activities. Mountains like Alps and Himalayas
are sparsely populated.
ii. Climate: People prefer to live in areas with moderate climate. They avoid living in areas
with extreme climates like Sahara desert or the polar regions of Canada.
iii. Soil: Fertile soils enhance agriculture. Hence fertile plains like Hwang-He in China and
Nile in Egypt are densely populated.
iv. Water: People prefer to live in areas where fresh water is easily available. Hence river
valleys are densely populated and deserts have sparse population.
v. Minerals: Areas with mineral deposits are more populated. The discovery of oil in the
Middle East led to more people settling there.
Q5.What is meant by ‘population composition’?

A5. Population composition refers to the structure of the population. It helps us to know:
i. the number of males and females and what age group they belong to
ii. how educated they are and what type of occupation they are employed in
iii. what their income levels and health conditions are.
Q6. What are ‘population pyramids’? How do they help in understanding the
population of a country?
A6. A graphical representation of age-sex composition of a population is called population
pyramid or age-sex pyramid.
A population pyramid helps in understanding the population of a country as it shows:
i. The total population divided into various age groups
ii. The percentage of total population subdivided into males and females in each age group.
iii. The shape of the pyramid shows:
a) Number of dependents and reflects level of births
b) Number of economically active people
c) Number of elderly dependents and reflects the number of deaths.
Q7. Compare the population pyramid of India and Japan.

Population Pyramid of INDIA Population Pyramid of JAPAN
1. The broad base indicates high birth rate. 1. Narrow base indicates low birth rate
2. High birth rate means number of children 2. Low birth rate means number of
growing into adults will be more. children growing into adults will be less.
3. Infant mortality is less due to improved 3. Low death rate indicates that elderly
medical facilities. dependents are more and live longer.
4. Overall population is more. 4. Overall population is less.
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INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL DAMMAM

GIRLS MIDDLE SECTION

II. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

Q5.What is meant by ‘population composition’?

Q7. Compare the population pyramid of India and Japan.

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