Geog CH 6 Human Resource

Indraprastha WORLD SCHOOL
Paschim Vihar, New Delhi-110063

Session: 2024-25
Class VIII
GEOGRAPHY
Chapter- 6- Human Resource
1. Answer the following questions

i) Why are people considered a resource?
Ans. People are a nation’s greatest resource.
a. Nature’s bounty becomes significant only when people find it
useful.
b. They can make the best use of nature to create more resources as
they have the knowledge, skill and the technology to do so.
c. It is people with their demands and abilities that turn them into
‘resources’. Education and health help in making people a valuable
resource.
(ii) What are the causes for the uneven distribution of population in the
world?
Or
Describe how social, cultural and economic factors affect population
distribution.
Ans. The distribution of population in the world is extremely uneven.

The factors responsible are:
1.Geographical factors: Favourable topography and climate, fertile

soil, availability of water and mineral resources affect population
distribution.
2.Social factors: Areas of better housing, education and health facilities
are more densely populated.
3.Cultural factors: Places with religion or cultural significance attract
people.
4.Economic factors: Places with more industries, transport and
communication facilities, and better employment opportunities attract
more people.
(iii) The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?

Ans. The world population has grown very rapidly.
a. The population increase in the world is mainly due to rapid
increase in natural growth rate.
b. The main reason for this growth was that with better food supplies
and medicine, deaths were reducing.
c. While the number of births still remained fairly high.
(iv) Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population change.
Ans. Two factors influencing population change are natural growth and
migration.
a. The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a
country is called the natural growth rate.
b. Birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people. Death rate
is the number of deaths per 1,000 people.
c. Births and deaths are the natural causes of population change.
d. Population size also changes due to migration.
e. Migrations are the movement of people in and out of an area.
People may move within a country or between
countries.Immigrationis people coming from neighbouring
countries. Emigration is people moving to other countries.
(v) What is meant by population composition?

Ans. Population composition refers to the structure of the population.
Population composition helps to know about the individual
characteristics, like gender, age group, literacy level, occupation, income
and health conditions.
(vi) What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding

about the population of a country?
Ans. i. Population composition of a country is represented by population
pyramid or age-sex pyramid. The Population pyramid shows the age-sex
structure of the population.
ii. By studying the population pyramid, we can understand about the
various parameters of the population of a country. Different shapes of
the pyramid reflect about the number of people of different age and sex.
iii. A population pyramid shows the total population divided into various
age groups. In each of the groups, the percentage of the total population
is subdivided into males and females.
iv. A population pyramid represents number of dependents in a country
and people in working category.
v. A population pyramid also shows Levels of births and deaths.
LONG ANSWERS
Q1. What does the shape of a population pyramid of Japan indicate?
Or
Describe the population pyramid of Japan.
Ans. In countries like Japan, low birth rates make the pyramid narrow at
the base. Decreased death rates allow numbers of people to reach old
age.
(pic on page 73)
Q2. What has caused the population explosion?

Ans. i. In 1820, the world’s population reached one billion.
ii. A hundred and fifty years later, in the early 1970s, the world’s
population reached 3 billion. This is often called population explosion.
iii. In 1999, less than 30 years later, the population doubled to 6 billion.
The main reason for this growth was that with better food supplies and
medicine, deaths were reducing, while the number of births still
remained fairly high.
Q3. Discuss the population pyramid of Kenya.

Or
Why population pyramid of Kenya is broad at the base and narrow at the
top?
Ans. The population pyramid of a country in which birth and death rates
both are high is broad at the base and rapidly narrows towards the top.
This is because although, many children are born, a large percentage of
them die in their infancy, relatively few become adults and there are
very few old people. This situation is represented by the pyramid shown
for Kenya.
Q4. What does the shape of a population pyramid of India indicate?

Or
Describe the population pyramid of India.
Ans. In countries where death rates (especially amongst the very young)
are decreasing, the pyramid is broad in the younger age groups, because
more infants survive to adulthood. This can be seen in the pyramid for
India. Such populations contain a relatively large number of young
people and which means a strong and expanding labour force.
Q5. Write a short note on Distribution of Population.

Ans. Distribution of population
i. More than 90 per cent of the world’s population lives in
about 10 per cent of the land surface.
ii. The distribution of population in the world is extremely
uneven. Some areas are very crowded and some are sparely populated.
iii. Very few people live in high latitude areas, tropical
deserts, high mountains and areas of equatorial forests.
iv. Many more people live north of the Equator than south of the
Equator.
v. Almost three-quarters of the world’s people live in two
continents Asia and Africa.
Q6. Describe how Geographical factors affect population distribution.

Ans. Geographical factors that affect population distribution are:
i. Topography: People always prefer to live on plains rather than
mountains and plateaus because these areas are suitable for
farming, manufacturing and service activities. The Ganga plains
are the most densely populated areas of the world while
mountains like Andes, Alps and Himalayas are sparsely
populated.
ii. Climate: People usually avoid extreme climates that are very hot
or very cold like Sahara desert, polar regions of Russia, Canada
and Antarctica.
iii. Soil: Fertile soils provide suitable land for agriculture. Fertile
plains such as Ganga and Brahmaputra in India, Hwang-He,
Chang Jiang in China and the Nile in Egypt are densely
populated.
iv. Water: People prefer to live in the areas where fresh water is
easily available. The river valleys of the world are densely
populated while deserts have spare population.
v. Minerals: Areas with mineral deposits are more populated.
Diamond mines of South Africa and discovery of oil in the
Middle east lead to settling of people in these areas.

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Indraprastha WORLD SCHOOL

Paschim Vihar, New Delhi-110063

1. Answer the following questions

Ans. The distribution of population in the world is extremely uneven.

1.Geographical factors: Favourable topography and climate, fertile

(iii) The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?

(v) What is meant by population composition?

(vi) What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding

(pic on page 73)

Q2. What has caused the population explosion?

Q3. Discuss the population pyramid of Kenya.

Q4. What does the shape of a population pyramid of India indicate?

Q5. Write a short note on Distribution of Population.

Q6. Describe how Geographical factors affect population distribution.

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