FUNCTIONS OF • Communication fosters

COMMUNICATION motivation.

 Function refers to the -It helps us to set goals and gives

particular purpose for us update or feedback on our
which a thing is used, progress, whether positive or
something exists, or a negative toward the
person is fitted to meet his accomplishment of these goals.
or somebody else’s needs.
 The coach boosts his
- To provide information
players’ morale by
- To motivate
building their self-esteem
- To control or regulate
through pep talks and
- To facilitate emotional
team building sessions.
expression
- To effect social interaction To Control or Regulate
To Provide Information The priest or the leader of a
religious organization preaches to
• The most basic function
his parish to motivate them to live
-Communication provides data a Christian way of life.
and information for effective
-The expression of needs and want
completion of tasks, solution of
is a way to regulate the behavior
problems and elimination of
of another person to obtain
uncertainty.
something or get something done
a.Downward Flow – superiors to (Murphy, 2014).
subordinates

b.Upward Flow – subordinates to  A Parent’s Instruction to a

superiors Child
 Doctor’s Prescription
c.Horizontal Flow – peer to peer

(Lombardo, 2015)

To Facilitate Emotional
Expression
To Motivate
-Communication makes possible communicators on the
the release or unloading of topic of communication.
emotions, resulting in catharsis.
Intrapersonal Communication
Appreciation
 It is often called “Self-
 “I’m so glad that you came Talk”
into my life.” - This happens when we use
 “I like you so much! language to reflect on our
 “Are you false teeth? It’s own experiences, we talk
because I can’t smile ourselves through
without you.” situations.

To Effect Social Interaction • Self-reflection

-Communication allows us to act • Self-motivation

and react to the behavior of
• Worrying
people around us.
• Making decisions
Thus, it facilitates social closeness
to establish, maintain and enjoy Interpersonal Communication
relationships with others.
 This involves two people
“No man is an island.” or more. It can range from
intimate and very personal
 Exchange
to formal and impersonal.
 Competition
 Cooperation
 Solomon and Theiss
 Conflict
{2013) state that “the
 Coercion
inter part of the word
What is a Speech Context? highlights how
interpersonal
- Context in speech is the communication connects
situation that brings people… when you engage
people to a conversation in interpersonal
or speaking event. communication, you and
- It includes the shared another person become
understanding of the linked together… The
 personal part means that Panel Discussion
your unique qualities as a
A public or open discussion
person matter during
composed of a moderator and
interpersonal
four to six members.
communication…” (p. 5)
Symposium
Kinds of interpersonal
Communication Also, a public or open discussion
group that combines instruction
Dyadic Communication
and discussion
 It refers to an interaction
Lecture Panel
between two persons.
Also known as lecture forum, a
 You offered feedback on public discussion
the speech performance
of your classmate. group headed by a chairperson.
 You provided comfort to a Round-Table Discussion
friend who was feeling
down. A closed discussion-group where
all the members are required to
Group Communication interact.
 A dynamic process where  Brainstorming session
a small number of people  Buzz session
engage in a conversation.  Meeting
 Group communication is  Committee
generally defined as
involving three to eight Public Communication
people. In Public Communication, one
Small Group Communication person speaks to a group of
people.
 An interaction of five or
more people who work The speaker may or may not
together to achieve a engage the audience in a
common goal. discussion, but the audience
normally defer the speaker.
Types of Small Discussion Groups
Mass Communication experiences and have a lot of
experiential knowledge in
It involves sending a message to a
common.
group which allows us to
communicate our message to a Casual Style
large number of people.
• It is a conversational style used
• News Reporting among friends. A very common
characteristic of this is the use of
• Advertisement
slang. Thus, the speaker does not
• State of the Nation Address need to be careful of the
pronunciation and grammar.
SPEECH STYLES
Also known as informal style, it is
• These are patterns of speaking usually used between, friends, or
characterized by distinctive even insiders who have things to
pronunciation, vocabulary, intent, share.
participants, and grammatical
structures. Casual VS Intimate

• According to German linguist, • Casual uses informal language

Martin Joos, it is the form of which follows a structure that
language that the speaker used does not abide by the grammar
characterized by the level of rules.
formality.
• Intimate uses a more vulgar
• Joos categorized the speech language.
styles into five types: frozen,
• Casual uses nonverbal
formal, consultative, casual, and
communication as an aide.
intimate

Intimate Style

• This is used between people

who have very close relationship
such as family members, best
friends, and couples.
• Intimate can be completely
People involved in this type of
nonverbal.
speech style have shared a lot of
Consultative Style Frozen VS Formal

• It is a conversational style in • Frozen cannot be used in a

which the speaker constantly regular conversation
observed the listener’s verbal and
• Formal can be used in regular
nonverbal cues for feedback.
conversation but with certain
Hence, the speaker will supply
conditions.
background information, while
again, the listener participates Speech Act Theory
continuously.
 Theorizes that the words
It happens in two-way that we say does not
participation. simply hold information
but actions as well.
Formal Style
 Speech acts are defined as
• Formal style is called upon when
actions that are
speaking in formal settings no
performed by produced
matter how the participants are
utterances. 
related to each other.
 Speech act theory
It does not allow the use of
attempts to explain (a)
ellipsis, contractions, etc.
how speakers use
Formal VS Consultative language to accomplish
intended actions, and (b)
• Consultative is less restricted in
how listeners understand
the structure of sentences used.
intended meaning from
• Formal is bound by language what is said. 
structure rules.
John Langshaw Austin
Frozen Style
 a British philosopher of
• It is used in respectful situations language, proposed the
or formal ceremonies as it is speech act theory which
considered as the highest form of has been hugely
communication. influential in pragmatics. 

It follows a script or pattern. Speech Acts

Locutionary Act EXAMPLE - “OUCH!”

 Act of making a Locutionary act – Expressing pain

meaningful utterance
Illocutionary act – Informing the
Austin describes it as belonging to other person that they hurt them
a certain vocabulary and
Perlocutionary act – Getting the
confirming a certain grammar
other person to apologize 
with more or less a definite sense
and reference. 

Ex:  EXAMPLE – “I AM HERE FOR YOU”

Ernie: Honey, do you want to go Locutionary act – Telling the
out and watch the movie tonight?  person that they will help them 
Fe: I’m feeling ill! (Expressing Illocutionary act – Comforting the
pain/discomfort)  other person

Perlocutionary act – Make the

Illocutionary Act other person feel at ease/relieved
 It is a way by which a
sentence is used to
express an attitude with a Categories of Speech Acts
certain function.

 What one does IN saying

it 

Perlocutionary Act

 Utterances that bring

about certain
consequences for the
audience to whom the
utterance is directed.
 Locutionary is what we
 What one does BY saying say.
it
  Illocutionary is what we Locutionary act – Giving a
mean when we say it. suggestion

 Perlocutionary is what we Illocutionary act –To show that

accomplish by saying it. only the two of them can solve
their problem

Perlocutionary act –The other

“I JUST DON’T KNOW WHAT TO
person gets a realization/will try
DO”
the suggestion
Locutionary act – Expressing
Types of Communicative
confusion
Strategies
Illocutionary act – Trying to ask
“We have the mastery of the
advice 
language when we know when to
Perlocutionary act –The other speak, when not to speak, and
person provides solution  what to talk about with whom,
when, where, in what manner.” 

7 Types of Communicative
“WHAT HAVE YOU BEEN DOING?” Strategy
Locutionary act – Asking further  The use of communicative
details strategies ensures the
Illocutionary act – To clarify what achievement of the
happened purpose and the
enrichment of the
Perlocutionary act –The other communication
person answers experience.

 In these, a combination of
Speech Styles and Speech
Acts are employed.

“WHY DON’T YOU GUYS TALK

ABOUT IT?” Topic Nomination
  Choosing a topic and  Directing and regulating
opening or starting it for the flow or development
discussion.  of the interaction. 

 This strategy is used when  Keeping the interaction

beginning a conversation going by asking questions
or a new topic. and eliciting a response

 Suggesting, introducing, or  This is simply a question-

proposing a topic, activity, answer formula that
choice of preference moves the discussion
forward.
Topic Restriction
Topic Shifting 
 Confining or limiting the
development of the topic  Changing the topic or its
and keeping it within direction and emphasis. 
bounds. 
 Introducing a new topic
 The speaker has the following the continuation
control in the of the previous topic.
communication as the
 This strategy works best
listener simply complies
when there is follow-
with what the speaker
through.
chooses.
Repair
Turn Taking 
 Fixing and correcting
 The exchange of turns or
anything negative, or
instances when each
providing any kind of
speaker talks in an
amends and remedy to
interaction. 
something that has gone
 Turn-taking is dependent wrong in the exchange
on the speech style used. between the two
speakers. 

 This includes requesting

clarification, not
Topic Control acknowledging, topic
 shifting, not responding,
repeating, recasting, and
adding. 

Termination

 Ending, concluding, or
closing the conversation
or interaction. 

 Using or looking out for

verbal and nonverbal
signals to end the
interaction.