INDUSRIAL ORIENTED MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON
CASE STUDY ON
CONSTRUCTION OF 2000 KL Elevated Level Service Reservoir of 15 M
staging under AMRUT scheme”
Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Of
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
HYDERABAD
Submitted by
1) K.SHIVAMANI (19281A0126)
2) V.RAMA KRISHNA (19281A0127)
3) N.RAGHU PRASAD (18281A0144)
4) S.THARUN SAI (18281A0124)

Under the guidance of

Mr. KIRAN
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

KAMALA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE

SINGAPUR, KARIMNAGER (Dist.), Telangana, 505468
 KAMALA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
SINGAPUR, HUZURABAD
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify the project work entitled
“CASE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION OF 2000 KL Elevated Level Service
Reservoir of 15 M staging under AMRUT scheme”
Submitted by
1) K.SHIVAMANI (19281A0126)

2) V.RAMA KRISHNA (19281A0127)

3) N.RAGHU PRASAD (18281A0144)

4) S.THARUN SAI (18281A0124)

In the fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the Bachelor of Technology in Civil
Engineering by the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad during the
academic year 2022-2023.

Mr. KIRAN Dr. M. Anil

Project Guide Head of Department

K. SHANKER
(PRINCIPAL) EXTERNAL
EXAMINAR
 ACKNOWLEDMENT

I Firstly thank Sri. T. RAJKUMAR, AEE,Sri. Raju , site engineer, PUBLIC

HEALTH ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SUB DIVISION-II, WARANGAL for
giving valuable suggestions at various stages of the work.I am very grateful to our guide
Mr. Jagan,Department of Civil Engineering, who laid the time bound program and valuable
guidance for the successful completion of this project.I immensely thank Dr. K. Shanker,
Principal, KITS(S), and Dr. M. Anil, prof & Head of the Civil Department, for permitting us
to carry out project work in the field.I am also thankful to other faculty and staff of Civil
Department for their co- operation in successful completion of the project.
 ABSTRACT

“CASE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION OF 2000 KL Elevated Level Service

Reservoir of 15 M staging under AMRUT scheme” at Yadav Nagar, Hanamkonda
, Telangana.
Water tanks are important public utility and industrial structure. The design and
construction methods used in reinforced concrete are influenced by the prevailing,
the physical property of the material and the climatic conditions. Before taking up the design,
the most suitable type of staging of tanks and correct estimation of loads including statically
equilibrium of structure particularly in regards to overturning of overhanging members are
made. The design is made considering the worst possible combination of loads, moments and
shears arising from vertical loads and horizontal loads acting in any direction when the tank
is full as well as empty. In this project by performing the analysis of Intze tank, deflection
shape due to hydrostatic pressure and stresses, etc. are analyzed.
 LIST OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
ABSTRACT 3
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 7
1.1. CLASSIFICATION OF R.C.C WATER TANK 7
1.2.
1.3. BASED ON PLACEMENT OF TANK 8

1.4. GENERAL CONSIDERATION 11

1.5.
1.6. DESIGN METHODS USED 12

1.5. FLEXIBLE BASE CIRCULAR WATER TANK 13

1.6 PERMISSIBLE STRESSES IN CONCRETE 14

1.7. DESIGN OF OVER HEAD WATER TANK 14

CHAPTER 2. SITE LOCATION 16

CHAPTER 3. SITE PHOTOS 17

CHAPTER 3. CONCLUSION 18
CHAPTER 4. REFERENCE 18

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO DESCRIPTION PG.NO

1.1.1. TANK RESTING ON GROUND 8

1.1.2. ELEVATED WATER TANK. 9

1.1.3. CIRCULAR TANK. 10

1.1.4. RECTANGULAR TANK. 10

1.1.5. PLAN AT BRACE LEVEL 13

1.1.6. MAP. 16

1.1.7. SIGHT PHOTOS 17

.

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Without water survival is impossible. Water is one of the Most important

substances on earth. All plants and animals Must have water to survive. If there
was no water there Would be no life on earth. As water is very precious and Due to
the scarcity of drinking water in day to day life one Has to take care of every drop.
A water tank is used to store Water for daily requirements like drinking, washing
etc. An Elevated water tank is a large water storage container Constructed for the
purpose of holding water supply at Certain height to provide sufficient pressure in
the water Distribution system. Liquid storage tanks are used Extensively used by
municipalities and industries for Storing water, inflammable liquids and other
chemicals. These tanks have various types of support structures like RC braced
frame, steel frame, RC shaft, and even masonry Pedestal. The most commonly
used staging in practice is The frame type. The main components of this type of
Staging are columns and braces. The staging acts like a Bridge between the
overhead container and foundation to Transfer loads acting on the tank. Thus
Water tanks are very Important for public utility and for industrial structure and
Also to withstand more design forces. The frame support of The should have
adequate strength to resist axial Loads, moment and shear force due to lateral
loads. These Forces depend upon total weight of the structure, which Varies with
the amount of water present in the tank Container.

1.1 CLASSIFICATION OF R.C.C WATER TANK

Types of Tank

Based on heads Based on shape of tank

1. Resting on ground. 1. Circular

2. Under ground. 2. Rectangular

 1.2. BASED ON PLACEMENT OF TANK

1. RESTING ON GROUND
These are used for clear water reservoirs, settling tanks, aeration tanks etc. These tanks
Directly rest on the ground. The walls of these tanks are subjected to water pressure from
Inside and the base is subjected to weight of water inside and soil reaction from underneath
The base. The tank may be open at top or roofed. Ground water tank is made of lined carbon
Steel, it may receive water from water well or from surface water allowing a large volume of
Water to be placed in inventory and used during peak demand cycles.

Fig 2.1: Tank resting on ground

2. ELEVATED WATER TANK
These tanks are supported on staging which may consist of masonry walls, R.C.C tower or
R.C.C column braced together. The walls are subjected to water pressure from inside. The Base
is subjected to weight of water, weight of walls and weight of roof. The staging has to Carry the
entire load of entire tanks with water and is subjected to wind loads. Water tank Parameters
include the general design of the tanks, choice of materials of construction, as
Well as following:
 i. Location of the water tanks (indoors, outdoors, above the ground
or underground) Determines color and construction characteristics.
ii. Volume of water tank will need to hold to meet design requirements.
iii. Purpose for which the water tanks will be used, human consumption or
industrial Determines the concerns for materials that do not have side
effects for human.
iv. Temperature of area where water will be stored, may create concern
freezing and Delivery off setting heat.

Fig 2.2: Elevated water tank

3. UNDERGROUND WATER TANK

These tanks are built below the ground level such as clarifier’s filters in water treatment
Plants, and septic tanks. The walls of these tanks are subjected to water pressure from inside
And earth pressure from outside. The base of the tanks is subjected to water pressure from
Inside and earth pressure from outside. The base of the tanks subjected to water pressure from
Inside and soil reaction from underneath. Always these are covered at top. These tanks should
Be designed for loading which gives the worst effect. The design principles of underground
Tank same as for the tanks resting on ground. The walls are subjected to inside a water Pressure
and outside earth pressure.

BASED ON THE SHAPE OF TANK

1. CIRCULAR TANK
Generally circular tank rest on the ground or are elevated ones. Underground circular tanks Are
also constructed. The circular tanks may be designed either with flexible base connectionWith
wall or with rigid connection between walls and base, in the former case the expansionand
contraction of side walls are possible but in latter case the walls are monolithic with base. The
walls of tank are subjected to hydrostatic pressure which is maximum at base and zero at Top.
Usually for design of circular tanks, the theory of thin cylinders is applied for design of
Wall thickness and for calculation of maximum hoop tension.

Fig 2.3: Circular tank

2. RECTANGULAR TANK
For smaller capacities circular tanks are uneconomical and their form work is costly.
Rectangular tanks are constructed when small capacity tank are required. These may be
Resting on ground, elevated or underground. Tanks should be preferably square in plan and
it Is desirable that larger side should not be greater than twice the smaller side and for
Rectangular tanks. Walls of tanks either resting on ground or elevated are subjected to water
Pressure from inside and when underground they are subjected to internal water pressure and
Outside earth pressure
 Fig 2.4: Rectangular Tank

1.3 GENERAL CONSIDERATION

IS 3370(part 1) recommends the following measures to be considered before the

Construction of water tank –
1. Cement content
The concrete used for tank should be minimum of M20 grade mix so as to provide not
only the strength but also higher density to prevent seepage. The cement content should not be
less than 300Kg/𝑚3To get water tightness and not more than 530Kg/𝑚3To avoid cracking due
to Shrinkage of concrete. A well graded aggregate with a water-cement ratio less than 0.5 is
Recommended for making impervious concrete.
2. Permissible steel requirement
Plain mild or HYSD steel reinforcement can be used in storage tanks. The
permissible stress In reinforcement is controlled by the strain and crack widths
rather by the strength. In view of Complexities associated with crack widths, a
simplified approach through the reduced Permissible stress is recommended. The
permissible stress in steel is given below:
 Table 1.1: Permissible stress in sstee
3. Permissible Stresses in Concrete
To ensure uncracks condition, the permissible tensile stress in concrete in reinforcement
Concrete members should not exceed the values listed on table 2.2 on the liquid
retaining face And also on the exterior face, for the members less than 225mm thick.

Table 1.2 Permissible stress in concrete

4. Cover of reinforcement

The minimum clear cover or nominal cover to main reinforcement in direct tension shall be 20mm diameter of the bar,
whichever is greater
 The minimum nominal cover is increased to 25 and 30mm for the case of tension in
bending, and in the environment of alternate wetting And drying, respectively, But
minimum cover should be 40mm for the surface in contact with Water
5. Minimum Steel
A minimum amount of steel shall be provided in two principle directions to minimize
Cracking due to shrinkage, temperature etc. The minimum HYSD reinforcement in walls,
Floors and roofs should be 0.35% of the surface zone cross section in either of direction
of Right angles.
6. Water proofing material
Primary consideration in water tanks, besides, strength is water tightness of tank.
Complete Water –tightness can be obtained by using high strength concrete. In
addition, water proofing Materials can be used to further enhance the water tightness.
To make concrete leak proof or Water tight, internal water proofing or water proofing
linings are frequently used. In the Method of internal water proofing, admixtures are
used. The objects using them are to fill the Pores of the concrete and to obtain a dense
and less permeable concrete. Some of most Commonly used admixtures are hydrated
lime in quantity from 8 to 15%, by weight of cement Of powdered iron fillings, which
expands upon oxidation and fills in pores of concrete. Other Agents like powdered
chalk or talc, sodium silicate, zinc sulphate, calcium chloride etc. are Also used. In
water proofing linings, paints, asphalt, coal tar, waxes, resins, and bitumen are Used.
These materials have property to repel water.

1.4 DESIGN METHODS USED

As per discussion above, the three water tank design Problems are designed by the
following four design
Methods.
1. Working stress method in accordance IS 3370 (1965).
2. Working stress method in accordance IS 3370 (2009).
3. Limit state design method with crack width calculations And check in
accordance IS 3370 (2009).
4. Limit state design method deemed to satisfy (limiting Steel stresses) in
accordance IS 3370 (2009).
 Fig.1.1.5 PLAN AT BRACE LEVEL

FLEXIBLE BASE CIRCULAR WATER TANK

For smaller capacities rectangular tanks are used and for bigger capacities circular
tanks are used .In circular tanks with flexible joint at the base tanks walls are
subjected to hydrostatic pressure .so the tank walls are designed as thin cylinder.
As the hoop tension gradually reduces to zero at top, the reinforcement is
gradually reduced to minimum reinforcement at top. The main reinforcement
consists of circular hoops. Vertical reinforcement equal to 0.3% of concrete are is
provided and hoop reinforcement is tied to this reinforcement.
 PERMISSIBLE STRESSES IN CONCRETE

Table: Stress for different grades of concrete As tabulated below.

DESIGN OF OVER HEAD WATER TANK

The water tank is designed for the Based on the per capita demand for Buildings
the capacity of the water tank is reached for the area, The salient features of the
overhead water tank.
As given below
 CHAPTER-2
SITE LOCATION
 1.1.6 Map.
SITE PHOTOS

1.1.7 SITE PHOTOS

 POPULATION FORECASTING:

Different methods of population forecasting are

1. Arithmetic method

2. Geometric method

3. Incremental method

4. Logistic method

5. Graphical method

By using geometric method population forecasted to 4,475.

The total capacity of water required for the population is
Calculated as 100KL included with the fire demand.
For the capacity obtained size of the tank is decided as
Radius of the overhead tank: 3m
Height of the overhead tank: 4
 2.2: Design of dome:
Minimum dome thickness must not be less than 100mm.
Hence thickness of dome is assumed as 100mm.
Meridional Thrust T1=(WR/(cosɵ+1))
Meridional stress =T1/(bXd)
Meridional and hoop stresses developed in the spherical

Dome are 0.19N/mm2

And 0.04N/mm2 respectively. The

Obtained stresses are within the permissible stresses are the

Dome is safe against the stresses.

Total load on the dome is calculated as: 5 KN/m2

Factored load on the dome : 7.5 KN/m2

Providing minimum percentage of steel in the dome: Ast=

0.3% (cross sectional area)

=300mm2

Hence provided reinforcement: 8mm Ø bars of 190mmc/c

Fig : 2 : Meridional and hoop stresses in spherical dome.

2.3: DESIGN OF TOP RING BEAM:

Horizontal components of thrust(Ht) = T1xcosϴ

Hoop tension in ring beam(Ft) = Ht x(D/2)

Tensile stress =

Area of concrete calculated as 607mm2

 Hence provided a ring beam of size 200X200mm

Total load on top ring beam = 7.5 KN/m2

Reinforcement provided as 4 no’s of 20mm Ø bars.

2.4: DESIGN OF CYLINDRICAL WALL:

The reinforcement details of the cylindrical side wall with a

Hoop tension of 76.1KN was given as tabulated below

2.4: DESIGN OF BOTTOM RING BEAM:

Horizontal thrust, H = T 1 = V1cotα

Tension due to vertical loads Hg = HD/2

Hoop tension due to water pressure HW =

Total load on bottom ring beam = 7.5KN

Total factored load = 114.75

KN/m

Total Hoop tension on bottom ring beam=hoop tension due

To vertical loads+ hoop tension due to water pressure

= 389 KN

The main reinforcement provided as 8no’s of 20mmØ @

120mm c/c.
 2.5: DESIGN OF CIRCULAR SLAB:

For every of the elevated water tank options, the base slab

Characteristic serviceability uniformly distribute load in

kN/m per meter was the sum of its dead load, self-weight

concrete and its finishing loads , and its live load, that is,

the weight of water to be contained. And the serviceability

point load in kN / meter, acting on each of the base slabs, at

the extremes of the overhangs was derived by adding up

the wall dead load that is the base projection weight and a

calculated fraction of the top slab load. But some notice

difference may be experience in the calculations of the

fractions of the loads from the circular water tank top slabs.

Thickness of circular slab =100mm

Clear span of the slab = 6m

Total load on the slab = 43.5 KN/m2

Total factored load on the slab = 62.25KN/m

 STAGING OF TANKS

The overhead tanks are generally supported on space frame staging consisting of
reinforced Concrete columns braced together by ring beams at top and bottom and
also at a number of Places along the height by braces shown. The arrangement
enables effective height of Columns to be taken as the distance between centre of
adjacent bracings. Alternative the Tower may be a thin walled reinforced shaft, i.e.,
cylindrical shell
 The design should be based on worst possible combination of loads, moments and
Shears arising from gravity and lateral loads in any direction when tank is full as well
As empty.
 In case of lateral load due to seismic and wind action, the permissible stresses for
Columns of the staging are increased as per IS;456 provision. However, the increase is
Not allowed in the design of braces because seismic and wind loads are primary forces

In them.
In addition to the entire load of tank(gravity load), the column carry axial load, shear
Forces, and bending moment due to lateral forces exerted by the wind, earthquake and
Vibration.
The axial force in the column due to lateral loads acting on all the part of the tanks as
Well as towers, should be calculated by equating the moments due to all lateral forces
Above the level under consideration to the restraining moment offered by axial forces
In column.
 The vertical spacing rigidly connected horizontally bracings should not exceed 6m.
 For staging in seismic zones where horizontal seismic coefficient exceeds 0.05, twin
Diagonal vertical bracings of steel of R.C.C. in additional to horizontal bracing may be
Provided.
 For the tower situated in seismic zones where horizontal seismic coffecient is above

In 0.05, all the columns are tied together by a ring beam at the base of the tower.
 The tower foundation is so proportioned that the combined pressure on soil due to
Gravity load(with tank full as well as empty) and lateral pressure is within safe bearing
Capacity, and in the critical direction the footing does not
WATER TANKSRequirements for water tank concrete sections
Dense concrete
•Low water to cement ratio
•Preferable Cement content not less than(400 kg/m3).
•Good curing of concrete.
•Good Section Isolation
.•Crack control

Due to fixity at base of wall, the upper

Part of the wall will have hoop tension

And lower part bend like cantilever.

• For shallow tanks with large diameter, hoop

Stresses are very small and the wall act more

Like cantilever
• For deep tanks of small diameter the

Cantilever action due to fixity at the base is

Small and the hoop action is predominant

The exact analysis of the tank to determine

The portion of wall in which hoop tension is

Predominant and the other portion in which

Cantilever action is predominant, is difficult

1. Simplified methods of analysis are

2. Reissner’s method

3. Carpenter’s simplified method

4. Approximate method

5. IS code method
 CONCLUSION

Storage of water in the form of tanks for drinking and washing purposes,
swimming pools for Exercise and enjoyment, and sewage sedimentation tanks are
gaining increasing importance In the present day life. For small capacities we go
for rectangular water tanks, while for Bigger capacities we provide circular water
tanks. Intze tank is a modified circular tank. Intze Tank is constructed to minimize
the project cost because lower dome in this construction Resists the horizontal
thrust.Design of Intze water tank is a very tedious method. The whole structure is
designed Manually considering M30 grade concrete.Detailed drawings have been
prepared in the AutoCAD software, which are shown in Necessarily. The staging
has been designed with maximum safety and effects due to seismicForce and wind
force are also taken into account.So, overall, this project can be implemented in
the mention area, i.e., hanumakonda.

REFERENCES

• I.S 456:2000, “Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete”, I.S.I.,
New Delhi
• I.S 875 (Part II): 1987, “Code of Practice for Imposed Load”, I.S.I., New Delhi
 • I.S 875 (Part II): 1987, “Code of Practice for Wind Load” , I.S.I., New Delhi
• I.S 1893: 1984, ”Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures”,
I.S.I., New Delhi
• I.S 3370 (Part I): 2009, “Code of Practice for Concrete Structures for Storage
of Liquid”, I.S.I., New Delhi
• I.S 3370 (Part IV): 1967, “Code of Practice for Concrete Structures for Storage
of Liquid”, I.S.I., New Delhi
•SP 16 (1980), “Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS 456: 1978”
• 2010 17th edition of S. Ramamrutham, “Design of Reinforced
concretestructures”, Dhanpat Rai Publications.