Shabnam 3

EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING
PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE

REGARDING CORD BLOOD STEM CELL THERAPY AMONG
ANTENATAL MOTHERS IN SELECTED PRIVATE HOSPITALS
Dissertation Submitted To
THE TAMIL NADU DR.M.G.R.MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

CHENNAI
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
OCTOBER- 2016

CHENNAI

OCTOBER 2016
INTERNAL EXAMINAR: EXTERNAL EXAMINAR:

Signature: Signature:
Date: Date:
2015-2016
COLLEGE SEAL:
SIGNATURE: _________________
PROF. Mrs. V. KAVITHA M.SC (N) .,
Principal, Arvinth College of Nursing,
2/191, Ellaikkal Medu,
Mettupatti (Post),
Namakkal Dist - 637020
CHENNAI
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR DEGREE OF
OCTOBER 2016
2015-2016
Approved by Dissertation Committee on: 15.04.2016
Research Guide: _____________________________
PROF. Mrs. V. KAVITHA M.SC (N) .,

Mettupatti (Post),
Namakkal Dist.- 637020
Clinical Guide : _____________________________
Mrs. V.THENTRAL M.SC (N) .,

Associate Professor, Arvinth College of Nursing,
Mettupatti (Post),
THE TAMILNADU DR.M.G.R MEDICAL UNIVERSITY,
CHENNAI
OCTOBER 2016
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, this thesis, titled, “A STUDY TO ASSESS THE

EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING CORD BLOOD STEM CELL
THERAPY AMONG ANTENATAL MOTHERS IN SELECTED PRIVATE
HOSPITALS AT NAMAKKAL DISTRICT ”, submitted by Mrs. S.GOMATHI.,
II year M.Sc., Nursing (2014-2015 Batch) Arvinth College of Nursing in partial
fulfillment of the requirement of the Degree of Master of Science in Nursing from
The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R Medical University is her original work carried out under
our guidance.
PROF. Mrs. V. KAVITHA M.Sc (N) .,

Mettupatti (Post),
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
“The lord is my shepherd; I shall not want”
The journey from the basic search from dissertation up to this bound book is solitary. In
a project like this, the investigator requires assistance, encouragement and support from
many. I am fortune to have an abundance of all requisites at every step.
I wish to acknowledge first, The Lord almighty for his abundance blessing, will power,
strength and health throughout the dissertation.
At the outset I the researcher of this study, express my heartfelt gratitude to the
honorable Dr. K. MANI M.S. ORTHO., D. ORTHO., CHAIRMAN, Arvinth College of
Nursing, Namakkal for giving me an opportunity to carry out this study successfully.
I express my immense thanks to DR.M.DHANABAKIYAM,M.B.B.S Vice

chairman of Arvinth College of Nursing for constant support and encouragement throughout
the course of study.
I express my gratefulness to PROF. Mrs. V. KAVITHA, M.Sc., (N),PRINCIPAL,

Arvinth College of Nursing, honorary professor in Community Health Nursing for her
valuable guidance,and motherly care and affection thoughtful suggestions and constant
encouragement and tender reboke throughout the study.
I owe my genuine gratitude and heartfelt thanks to Mrs. V. THENDRAL, M.Sc., (N),
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, Head of the department of Maternal Nursing, Arvinth College
of Nursing, without whose input, guidence,motivation and untried efforts, I would not have
accomplished this venture so I very much greatful together for moulding and constructing me
as a student.Without her help this study would not have been possible.
My deepest gratitude and immense thanks to Mrs. R. RUCKMANI, M.Sc., (N),

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, Head of the Department of Medical Surgical Nursing and
coordinator of Msc (N) programme for her constant guidence, patience, constructive
effort,insprirational and valuable suggestions throughout the study.
I owe my profound gratitude and exclusive thanks to Mr. R. NAGARAJ, M.Sc (N),
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, Department of Mental Health Nursing, for his constant
inspiration, timely help and patient endurance which helped me in completion of the study.
I also thank all the faculty members of Arvinth College of Nursing, Namakkal, who
helped me in conducting the study.
I thank our librarian, Mr. R. RAMAN Arvinth College of Nursing, Namakkal.
I express my sincere gratitude to Mrs.E.SUGUNA, Mr.RAMKEE office staff for

rendering their help in all the way.
I wish to extend my sincere thanks to administration and faculty members of JAYAA

AND SUGUNA HOSPITAL, TIRUCHENGODE to allow me to conduct my data
collection in your esteemed hospital .
I express my sincere and special thanks to Mr.G.K.VENKATRAMAN, Statistician for

his valuable guidance and advice in statistical analysis and presentation of data.
It is privilege to express my deep sense of gratitude to Mr.SANTHANA

GOPALAKRISHNAN M.A,M.Ed., Tamil Literature, Mr.C.V.SANTHOSH, M.A, B.Ed.,.,
English Lecturer for their valuable editorial support.
We are what, we are with the blessing and love of our dear and near one. It would not
have been possible for me to complete this work, without the love and support of my parents
and my friends, who initiated me to take up this noble profession and also for their strong
support, prayers and encouragement throughout my carrier.
I extent my deep sense of gratitude to my lovable parents , heartfelt love and gratitude to
my beloved husband Mr.N.V.KAVIN PRASATH,B.Tech for his efforts, sacrifice, guidance,
encouragement, invaluable support, to complete this project and to my lovely son
N.K.VIVAAN PRASATH for his cooperation and sacrifice and adjustments.
I render my deep sense of gratitude to all my classmates, seniors and friends for their
constant help throughout the study.
I thank all my well wishers who helped me directly and indirectly.

INDEX
CHAPTER CONTENT PAGE NO

I INTRODUCTION 1-8
Background of the Study 1
Need for the Study 3
Statement of the problem 5
Objectives of the study 5
Hypothesis 6
Operational definition 6
Assumptions 7
Delimitations 8
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 9-23
Review of Literature 10
Conceptual Framework 20
III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 24-32
Research Approach 24
Research Design 24
Variables 25
Setting of the study 25
Population 26
Sample 26
Sample size 26
Criteria for selection of samples 26
Sampling technique 27
Development and description of the tool 27
Content Validity 30
Reliability 31
Pilot Study 31
Procedure for data collection 31
Plan for data analysis 32
IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 33-46
V DISCUSSION 47-49
VI SUMMARY,CONCLUSION,NURSING
50-56
IMPLICATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND
LIMITATIONS
VII REFERENCE 57-61
VIII APPENDICES 62-160
IX ABSTRACT 161-162
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO TABLES PAGE NO
1 Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic 34

variables of antenatal mothers
2 Frequency and percentage distribution of pretest and post 36

test level of knowledge regarding cord blood stem cell
therapy among antenatal mothers.
Frequency and percentage distribution of pretest and post

3 38
test level of attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy
among antenatal mothers.
Comparison of pretest and post test knowledge scores 40

4 regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal
mothers.
5 Comparison of pretest and post test attitude scores regarding 41

cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers.
6 Correlation between post test knowledge and attitude scores 42

regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal
mothers.
7 Association of post test level of knowledge regarding cord 43

blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers with
selected demographic variables.
Association of post test level of attitude regarding cord

8 blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers with 45
selected demographic variables.
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES TITLE PAGE

NO NO
1 Conceptual framework 23
2 Schematic representation of research methodology 28
3 Percentage distribution of pretest and post test level of

knowledge regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among 37
antenatal mothers
4 Percentage distribution of pretest and post test level of

attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among 39
antenatal mothers
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX TITLE PAGE NO
I Letter seeking permission to conduct study 62
II Letter seeking expert‘s opinion for content validity 63
III List of experts for content validity 64
IV Format for content validity 65
V Informed consent form 72
VI Content validity certificate 73
VII Certificate for English Edition 74
VIII 75
Certificate for Tamil Edition
IX 76
Lesson Plan (English)
X 101
Lesson Plan (Tamil)
XI 126
Data Collection Tool (English)
XII Data Collection Tool (Tamil) 143

CHAPTER –I
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Cell is the structural and the functional unit of all the organisms on the earth and
Cell Science is a scientific discipline that studies the structure and the physiological
characters of these cells. Human beings are multi-cellular organisms with an estimated
100,000,000,000,000 cells.
Cord blood stem cell research has been extensively explored worldwide to
enhance human health in medical setting. Stem cells have tremendous promise to
helping us to understand and treat a range of various diseases, injuries and other health-
related conditions. Their potential is evident in the use of cord blood stem cells to treat
diseases of the blood, A cord blood stem cell therapy has saved the lives of thousands of
children with leukemia; and can be seen in the use of stem cells for tissue grafts to treat
diseases or injury to the bone, skin and surface of the eye. Important clinical trials
involving stem cells are underway for many other conditions and researchers continue to
explore new avenues using stem cells in medicine.
Cord blood stem cell research has the potential to teach us more about how birth
defects occur and how these can be prevented or possibly reversed. An understanding of
the regulation and chemical triggers of stem cell proliferation and differentiation are key
to addressing birth defects.
Cord blood stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate
into specialized cells and can be divided and to produce more cord blood stem cells. Stem
cells sources are A. Adult/somatic stem cell 1. Bone marrow (drilling into femur or iliac
crest) 2. Adipose tissue – lipids cells extr1acted by liposuction. 3. Blood – Blood from
the donor passed through a machine that extracts stem cells. B. Umbilical cord blood C.
Blastocyst
Cord blood stem cell researchers are making great advances in understanding
normal development, figuring out what goes wrong in disease and developing and testing
1
potential treatments of patients.They still have so much to learn, however, about how
stem cells work in the body and their capacity for healing , safe and effective treatments
for most of the diseases, various conditions and different types of injuries are in the
future.
Cord blood stem cells are the foundation for every organ and tissue in our body.
There are many different types of stem cells that comes from different places in the body
are formed at different times in our lives. These include 1. Embryonic stem cells.
2.Tissue-specific stem cells 3.Mesenchymal stem cells–Bone Marrow 4. Induced
pluripotent stem cells – Skin Cells to embroyonic 5.Haematopoietic stem cells found in
umbilical cord.
Embryonic stem cells are obtained from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, a
mainly hollow ball of cells, in the human, forms between three to five days after an egg
cell is fertilized by a sperm. A human blastocyst is about the size of the dot above this
―I.‖ Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they can give rise to every cell type in
the fully formed body, but not the placenta and umbilical cord.
Tissue-specific stem cells (also referred to as somatic or adult stem cells) are
more specialized than the embryonic stem cells. Typically, these stem cells can generate
different cell types for the specific tissue or organ in which they live. For example, blood-
forming (or hematopoietic) stem cells in the bone marrow can give rise to red blood cells,
white blood cells and platelets.Tissue-specific stem cells are difficult to find in the human
body, and they don‘t seem to self-renew in culture as easily as embryonic stem cells do.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells are multipotent stem cells normally found in the bone
marrow and are derived from mesenchyme. They differentiate into adipocytes,
chondrocytes, osteoblasts, myocytes and tendon. Mesenchymal Stem Cells can also be
extracted from blood, fallopian tube, fetal liver and lungs.
Induced pluripotent stem cells are cells that have been engineered in the lab by
converting tissue-specific cells, such as skin cells, into cells that behave like embryonic
stem cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells are critical tools to help scientists learn more
about normal development and disease onset and progression, and they are also useful for
developing and testing new drugs and therapies.
2
The umbilical cord blood contains haematopoietic stem cells - similar to those
found in the bone marrow - and which can be used to generate red blood cells and cells of
the immune system. Cord blood stem cells are currently used to treat a range of blood
disorders and immune system conditions such as leukaemia, anaemia and autoimmune
diseases. These stem cells are used largely in the treatment of children but have also
started being used in adults following chemotherapy treatment.
The future experts believe that umbilical cord blood is an important source
of haematopoietic stem cells and expect that its full potential for treatment of blood
disorders is yet to be revealed. Other types of stem cells such as induced pluripotent
stem cells may prove to be better suited to treating non-blood-related diseases, but
this question can only be answered by further research.
NEED FOR THE STUDY
This study aimed to assess the level of stem cell knowledge, attitude toward stem
cell application in medicine.Now-a-days prenatal mothers may have inadequate
knowledge and attitude regarding Cord blood stem cell therapy.Umbilical cord
blood supplies are not sufficient to meet the high transfusion needs. This study was
designed to determine opinion about preservation of umbilical cord blood, identify the
reasons for the lack of motivation to donate umbilical cord blood and allow experts to
establish better recruitment campaigns to enrich the donor pool.
Cerebral palsy, a condition where the brain is unable to control the muscles of the
body, impacts as many as 10,000 newborns each, according to the Center for Disease
Control (CDC). An experimental procedure at Duke University in North Carolina is
being used with great success to treat this condition. Children with cerebral palsy are
being infused with their own cord blood stem cells to heal and repair damaged brain
tissue.
Clearly, stem cell use is exciting and holds great promise for treating and curing
many diseases in the future. Their importance ranges from an understanding of the
principles behind human development to the cell based therapies addressing those aspects
that go away during development and lead to treating a disease.
3
For those who are already suffering from a disease that stem cells can treat, such
as certain cancer types, stem cells may currently have more personal importance and
relevance. For others, it is likely that at some point in their life, they or a loved one will
be affected by a disease that stem cells can treat, so it's good to keep abreast of stem cell
research. Improve the health and well being of the person those love by preservation of
umbilical cord blood stem cells.
As Cord blood stem cells have an ability to grow and differentiate, they are being
considered as the treatment option to replace the diseased cells, tissue repairs so as to
improve the efficiency and working of a failing organ and organ system e.g. failing heart
to function due to damage to the cardiac tissues and muscles. Thus stem cells offer the
possibility of a renewable source for replacement of the affected cells and tissues to treat
variety of diseases, trauma and injuries. Stem-cell banks help to preserve the embryonic
stem cells that can be used to treat diseases in adult-life and this practice of preservation
is the boon for the mankind.
Genetic disorder rate in india 64.4 % (per 1000 live births),Rao and Ghose (2005)
report that 1 out of 20 children admitted to hospital has a genetic disorder that ultimately
account for about 1 out of 10 childhood deaths. In India ultimately urban area are affected
with congenital malformation and genetic disorder are the third most common cause of
mortality in newborns.
Haemophilia A (clotting factor VIII deficiency; MIM: 306700) is the most
common form of the disorder, occurring at about 1 in 5,000 to 10,000 male births.
Haemophilia B (factor IX deficiency; MIM: 306900) occurs at about 1 in about 20,000-
34,000 male births, with no significant racial difference. Female carriers may also bleed
abnormally, because some have low levels of the relevant clotting factor. The birth rate
haemophilia in India is 32 per 1,000 live births. Thalassemia is a blood related
disorder that is mostly transmitted in autosomal recessive mode. There are an estimated
60-80 million people in the world who carry the beta thalassemia trait. People who carry
thalassemia in India alone number approximately 30 million. In India, beta thalassemia
is very common in the north eastern region with a frequency of 7-64%. High frequency of
beta thalassemia trait is also reported in Gujarat, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal.
4
In Namakkal district (3 male and 0 female) among men head and neck cancers (10 cases)
and genitor urinary cancer (9 cases are prevalent)
Umbilical cord blood collected at birth is a rich source of stem cells that can be
used in research and in the clinic to treat various diseases of the blood and immune
system. With the consent of the parents, blood can be collected from the umbilical cord
of a newborn baby shortly after birth. This does not hurt the baby or the mother in any
way, and it is blood that would otherwise be discarded as biological waste along with the
placenta (another rich source of stem cells) after the birth.
The Cord blood stem cell therapy is needed to treat children with cancerous
blood disorders such as leukemia, or genetic blood diseases like fanconi anaemia.The
cord blood is transplanted into the patient , where the (HSCs) Haematopoietic stem cells
can make new, healthy blood cells to replace those damaged by the patient‘s disease or
by a medical treatment such as chemotherapy for cancer.
Researcher have a own interest to do research on knowledge and attitude
regarding stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A study to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on
knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers
in selected private hospitals at Namakkal dist.
OBJECTIVES
1. To assess the pre test knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell
therapy among antenatal mothers
2. To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on cord blood
stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers
3. To correlate knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy
among antenatal mothers
4. To find the association between post test knowledge and attitude regarding
stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers with their selected demographic
variables such as Age ,Religion, Gravida, Education, Previous source on cord
blood stem cell therapy.
5
HYPOTHESIS
 H1- There will be significant difference between pre and post test knowledge
and attitude score regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal
mothers.
 H2- There will be significant association between post test knowledge and
attitude score with selected demographic variables such as (Age, Religion,
Gravida, Education, Previous source on cord blood stem cell therapy)
 H3-There will be relationship between post test knowledge and attitude with
selected demographic variables such as (Age, Religion, Gravida, Education,
Previous source on cord blood stem cell therapy).
OPERATONAL DEFINITIONS
Assess
It refers to value the level of knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem
cell therapy among antenatal mothers
Effectiveness
It refers to significant gain in knowledge and attitude as determined by significant
difference between pre and post test knowledge and attitude score after structured
teaching programme.
Structured teaching programme
It refers to the systematically arranged information regarding Introduction,
Normal cell structure, Normal cell division, Definition, History,
Types,Properties,Diseases treated by umbilical cord blood,Procedure,Nurses
responsibilities of cord blood stem cells.
Knowledge
It refers to the information acquired from structure teaching programme regarding
importance of stem cell therapy, In this study knowledge is classified in to three levels,
6
Score level of knowledge
≤50% Inadequate Knowledge
51 – 75% Moderately Adequate Knowledge
>75% Adequate Knowledge
Attitude
An attitude is a expression of Strongly Agree, Agree, Neither Agree nor Disagree,
Disagree, Strongly Disagree, response of a antenatal mothers towards stem cell therapy
Classification of attitude by score
Score Attitude Level
≤50% Favorable attitude

51 – 75% Moderately Favorable attitude
>75% Unfavorable attitude
 This is for positive statements. It will be reversible for negative statements.

Antenatal Mothers
It refers to the women who all are pregnant from the time of conception to the
term of pregnancy and attending antenatal checkups in selected private hospitals
regularly.
Cord blood stem cell therapy
Refers to meaning of Normal cell structure, Normal cell division, Definition,
History, Types,Properties,Diseases treated by umbilical cord blood, Procedure, Nurses
responsibilities of cord blood stem cells as stated in structured teaching programme.
ASSUMPTIONS
The study assumes that;
1. Antenatal mothers may have inadequate knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood
stem cell therapy
7
2. Structured teaching programme can be an effective tool for creating awareness on
knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy.
DELIMITATION
1. The study is delimited to antenatal mothers only
2. The study is delimited to six weeks only ,
3. The study is delimited to 30 samples only.
4. The study is delimited to mothers who are all coming to selected private hospitals
only.
8
CHAPTER - II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Review of literature is a systematic search of literature to gain information about a

research topic (Polit and Hungler).The literature review was based on an extensive survey
of journal, books, and articles.
A literature review is body of text that aims to review the critical points of
knowledge on a research and evaluate report of information found in the literature to
evaluate and clarifies. The main purpose of the literature review is to convey the readers
about the work already done and knowledge and ideas that have been already established
on a particular topic of the research.
This chapter deals with the related literature review which aids to generate a
picture of what is known and not known about a particular situation.
An extensive review of literature was done by the investigator to gain an insight

into the problem, collect maximum information from systematic and critical review of
scholarly publications, unpublished scholarly print materials. The logical sequence of the
chapter is organized on the following sections:
PART - I: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The reviews related to the study are carried out on the following headings,
 Literature related to knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell
therapy.
 Literature related to structured teaching programme on cord blood stem cell
therapy.
PART - II: CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK
9
PART - 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Literature related to knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy
Hend S. Mohammed and Hend A. EL Sayed (2015) conducted a study on

Knowledge and attitude of maternity nurses regarding cord blood collection and stem
cells: An educational intervention . Quasi-experimental design (pre and post intervention)
was utilized. A total sample of 53 staff nurses were recruited in the study. The study was
conducted at two settings. The results revealed that 88.7% of nurses had poor knowledge
before intervention. However, 90.6% and 81.2% of them had good knowledge
immediately and after three months of intervention respectively. As well as, only 1.9% of
the studied nurses had positive attitude toward cord blood collection and stem cells
before intervention. Meanwhile, immediately and after three months of intervention the
positive attitude changed to 66.0% and 69.8% respectively.
Tan et al., (2015) who conducted study on Knowledge and Attitude

about Stem Cells and Their Application in Medicine among Nursing Students. Stem cell
research has been extensively explored worldwide to enhance human health in medical
setting. Nevertheless, there is currently no full understanding of the stem cell knowledge
and attitude levels among student nurses in Malaysia. This study aimed to assess the level
of stem cell knowledge, attitude toward stem cell application in medicine, and its
association with years of education, among University Sains Malaysia (USM)
undergraduate nursing students. A cross-sectional study (n = 88) was conducted using
self-administered questionnaire consisted of demographic information, stem cells
knowledge and attitude statements. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package Social
Software 20.0. Results of the study shows that The majority of participants (92%) had
moderate knowledge score about stem cells. Many students (33%) worried that stem cell
application might cause a harm to humanity yet had a positive (76.1%) attitude towards
its therapeutic potential (45.5%). Poor correlation between knowledge and attitude (r =
0.08) indicated that acceptance towards stem cell is not solely based on the knowledge
level but also on other factors including religion and culture. Conclusion reveals that this
10
study suggests that various educational programs on stem cell should be implemented
considering the religion, cultural, social, and behavioral determinants in the population to
improve stem cell knowledge and encourage a more positive attitude towards stem cells
in medicine among these nursing students.
Manal Farouk Moustafa1& Entisar Mohammad Youness (2015). Conducted a

study on Nurses, Knowledge about Umbilical Cord Blood Banking and it's Barriers. Aim
of the study was Researchers sought to assess nurses' knowledge regarding umbilical
cord blood banking and identifying the barriers of it to be applied as their support is
crucial to the success of development and functioning of cord blood banks in Women's
Health Hospital, Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt. Research design used for this study
was Descriptive study design was utilized in this study. Subjects and Methods are all
nurses who work in Obstetrics and Gynecological department, Women's Health Hospital,
Assiut University, Egypt, were included in the study between October 2014 and January
2015. Data were collected in interviews by using an interview form developed by the
researchers according to the literature. All nurses were 150. Results shows that nurses'
Knowledge about UCBB are lacking , inadequate knowledge represented 79.7% and they
identified from their point of view that the costs of the umbilical cord blood banks,
policies and procedures are barriers of conducting such new technology in their hospitals.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Nurses' level of knowledge on UCBB is inadequate
and this indicates the necessity of creation of educational programs and continual training
with the use of UCBB. Also nurses must be equipped to know the approved standards
and understanding UCBB.
Nevin Hotun Sahin and Husniye Dinç (2014) who conducted a study on
pregnant women's knowledge and attitudes about stem cells and cord blood banking.
Nurses need to understand stem cell research so they can enter the debate on this issue.
They can become important sources of information in order to help parents understand
the issues. This exploratory descriptive study was conducted in two antenatal outpatient
clinics in Istanbul. The sample consisted of 334 pregnant women during routine prenatal
visits. Data were collected in interviews by using an interview form developed by the
11
researchers according to the literature. The form included demographic characteristics of
participants and 20 questions about stem cells, storing cord blood and banking and 10
independent attitude statements. The majority of the participants had a lack of knowledge
about stem cells and cord blood banking and wanted more information. Before
pregnancy, they received some information through the media (newspaper, Internet,
television, etc.), but unintentionally. It was determined that they wanted information
before becoming pregnant, more from their obstetrician but also from nurses and
midwives. The majority also wanted to store their infants' cord blood and stated that they
would be more likely to choose a public cord blood bank.
Kaitelidou et al., (2014) who conducted a study on Health Professionals‘

knowledge and attitude towards the Umbilical Cord Blood donation. The study was
conducted from April 25th 2012 to May 7th 2012. The sample consisted of 109 Health
Professionals from 3 provincial hospitals and 2 hospitals in Thessaloniki. In order to
collect the data, a questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was designed by the
researcher and a group of experts to serve the mission of the present study. From the 130
questionnaires sent, 109 were completely answered (response rate 84%). Results shows
that Of those who participated to the research, 23.9% were physicians, 34.9% were
midwives, and 34.8% were nurses. As far as the Health Professionals‘ knowledge on the
Umbilical Cord Blood is concerned, only 15.6% of the participants declared to be quite or
well informed on the collection methods and the usage of Umbilical Cord Blood. The
vast majority of the participants (89%), declared that a well-organized program on a
continual training is very essential. 93.5% of the participants declared that in the last 5
years received no or very little training regarding the collection, storing and
transplantation of Umbilical Cord Blood.
Xiang Hu et al., (2013) who conducted a study on Human umbilical cord blood
stem cell transplantation for the treatment of chronic spinal cord
injury: Electrophysiological changes and long-term efficacy. Results shows that Stem cell
transplantation can promote functional restoration following acute spinal cord injury
(injury time < 3 months), but the safety and long-term efficacy of this treatment need
12
further exploration. In this study, 25 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (injury
time > 6 months) were treated with human umbilical cord blood stem
cells via intravenous and intrathecal injection. The follow-up period was 12 months after
transplantation. Results found that autonomic nerve functions were restored and the latent
period of somatosensory evoked potentials was reduced. There were no severe adverse
reactions in patients following stem cell transplantation. These experimental findings
suggest that the transplantation of human umbilical cord blood stem cells is a safe and
effective treatment for patients with traumatic spinal cord injury.
Bincy thomas (2012) who conducted a study to assess the knowledge and
preference among 1,000 cord blood donors and 300 pregnant women regarding donating
umbilical cord blood to a public bank or storing it in a private bank in Italy. The study
results shows that, most blood donors as well as the majority of pregnant women had
some general knowledge about umbilical cord blood (UCB) 89% and 93% respectively
and were aware of the possibility o donating it (82% and 95%). However the level of
knowledge regarding current therapeutic use is generally low, only 91 (10%) among
informed blood donors and 69 (31%) among informed pregnant women gone a correct
answer. The study concluded that, preference for voluntary donation both among blood
donors (76%) and among pregnant women (55%). But minority of blood donors (65%)
and of pregnant women (9%) would opt to store UCB for private bank.
Redid purnima (2011) who conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of

structured teaching program on knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood banking.
Review shows some studies that include a study conducted to explore pregnant women‘s
awareness of cord blood stem cells and their attitude regarding banking options in France,
Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK. The data were collected by using structured
questionnaire. This questionnaire consist of 29 multiple –choice questions based on:
socio-demographic factors, awareness and access to information about cord blood
banking, banking option preference, and donation cord blood units (CBUs) to research.
Questionnaires were distributed in six maternities. In this study a total of 79% of
pregnant women had little awareness of cord blood banking 58% of women had heard of
13
the therapeutic benefits of cord blood, of which 21% received information from
midwifes and obstetricians. A total of 89% of respondents would opt to store CBUs. The
first clinically documented use of cord blood stem cells was in the successful treatment of
a six-year-old boy affected by Fanconi anemia in 1988. Since then, cord blood has
become increasingly recognized as a source of stem cells that can be used in stem cell
therapy.
Shini SA (2011), A study was conducted on effectiveness of self instructional

module on the knowledge regarding placental cord blood utilization and banking among
staff nurses in selected hospitals in kasargoad, by approaching one group pretest post -
test design. The sample consisted 60 staff nurses selected by convenient sampling and
data was collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire. The result showed the
difference suggesting that self- instructional was effective in increasing the knowledge of
staff nurses (t=14.34). The mean posttest knowledge (x2=43.17) higher than the mean
pre test knowledge (x1=30.40). There was association between the age and level of post
test knowledge scores and in selected demographic variables.
Redid purnima (2011) who conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of

structured teaching program on knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood banking.
Review shows some studies that include a study conducted to explore pregnant women‘s
awareness of cord blood stem cells and their attitude regarding banking options in France,
Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK. The data were collected by using structured
questionnaire. This questionnaire consist of 29 multiple –choice questions based on:
socio-demographic factors, awareness and access to information about cord blood
banking, banking option preference, and donation cord blood units (CBUs) to research.
Questionnaires were distributed in six maternities. In this study a total of 79% of
pregnant women had little awareness of cord blood banking 58% of women had heard of
the therapeutic benefits of cord blood, of which 21% received information from
midwifes and obstetricians. A total of 89% of respondents would opt to store CBUs. The
first clinically documented use of cord blood stem cells was in the successful treatment of
a six-year-old boy affected by Fanconi anemia in 1988. Since then, cord blood has
14
become increasingly recognized as a source of stem cells that can be used in stem cell
therapy.
Jeddian a (2013) who conducted a quality study on experiences of iranian

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipient patients and nurses. This study explored
the state of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) recipient patients and problems
experienced by them and nurse about these state and problems, in Iran. Qualitative
content analysis was used for analyzing semi-structured interviews with 12 hsct recipient
patients and 18 nurses. Results shows three main categories described the hsct state and
problems: shadow of death, living with uncertainty, and immersion in problems. Patients
treated with risk variety in continuity with probability of death. The patients lived with
uncertainty. Consequently these resulted immersion in problems with four sub-categories
including: (a) physical problems, (b) money worries, (c) life disturbances, and (d)
emotional strain. Conclusion of the study hsct patients live in a state of limbo between
life and death with multidimensional problems. Establish centers for supporting and
educating of patients and their families, education of health care providers, enhancement
of public knowledge about hsct along with allocating more budgets to take care of these
patients can help patients for passing from this limbo.
Literature related to structured teaching programme on cord blood stem cell

therapy
Walker .T et al (2012) A study was conducted to assess pregnant women‘s
awareness of cord blood stem cells and their attitude regarding banking options among
1620 pregnancy in women. France, Germany, Italy, UK. The study result showed that,
total of 79% of pregnant women had little awareness of cord blood banking 59% of
women had heard of the therapeutic benefits of cord blood, of which 21% received
information from midwives and obstetricians, 89% of respondents would opt to store
CBUs. Among them 76% would choose to donate CBUs to a public bank to benefit any
patient in need of a cord blood transplant, 12%, a private bank. The study concluded that
strong preference for public banking in all five countries. Attitudes of pregnant women
are not a obstacle to the rapid expansion of allogenic banking in these EU countries.
15
Banking does not appear to be correlated with household income. The extent of
commercial marketing of cord blood banks in mass media highlights the importance for
obstetric providers to play a central role in raising women‘s awareness early during their
pregnancy with evidence based medical information about banking options.
Rosamund Scott ( 2012) conducted a ethnographic study that explored the views,
values and practices of professional staff in relation to embryo donation for research
purposes, particularly for hESC research. The study sites were three ACUs in teaching
hospitals in England, which offer a mixture of National Health Service (NHS), privately,
or ‗self-funded‘ NHS treatment, and three stem cell laboratories at the universities
associated with these hospitals. The clinics provide a range of assisted conception
services including in vitro fertilization (IVF). Following national and local research ethics
committee approvals, the study methods included clinic and laboratory observations,
interviews and ethics discussion groups (EDGs) (Alderson et al. 2002) with staff from
ACUs and linked stem cell laboratories in the UK. Staff disciplines included nursing,
obstetrics and gynecology, embryology, genetics, stem cell science, counseling and
clinical and research management. Nurses in two ACUs and clinicians in the third ACU
reported from here (at the times when our fieldwork took place) were responsible for
discussing the initial HFEA consent forms. In two clinics donations for hESC research
were not being sought at the time we commenced our interviews although they had been
previously.
Ruth Williams (2011) states that Neurons made from human embryonic stem
cells (hESCs) can both send and receive nerve impulses when transplanted into the
mouse brain, according to a report published on November in Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences. The discovery provides some of the strongest evidence that hESC-
derived neurons, which could be used to treat a variety of neurological disorders such as
epilepsy, stroke, and Parkinson‘s disease, can fully integrate and behave like regular
neurons when transplanted into the brain.
Mc Kernna D. et al (2011) a study was conducted to assess the umbilical cord

blood, current status and promise for the future in India. The study results shows that,
16
umbilical cord blood (UCB) have been shown to be a suitable source of hematopoietic
stem cells (HSCs) for hematopoietic reconstitution. UCB increases in hematopoietic
transplantation, additional potential application of UCB include immune therapy, tissue
engineering and regenerative medicine. UCB banking has improved with time largely due
to involvement of professional organization and their published standards. However
accreditations of these organizations remains voluntary, and in India three of ten banks
are public with the remaining being private. The study concluded that UCB banking
using the stem cell for therapeutic use.
Renece waller-wise (2011) states that Childbirth educators may be one of the
main sources that an expectant family depends on to gain more knowledge about cord
blood banking in order to make an informed decision. Preserving umbilical cord blood in
public banks is advisable for any family; however, it is recommended that expectant
families only consider private cord blood banking when they have a relative with a
known disorder that is treatable by stem cell transplants. The childbirth educator is
encouraged to be well versed on the topic of cord blood banking, so that as questions
from class participants arise, the topic can be explored and addressed appropriately.
Randy Louis Regna (2010) states Stem cells can be pluripotent or multipotent.
Pluripotent stem cells are embryonic in origin and can be isolated from embryos ranging
from a few days old to 8 weeks of fetal development. Embryonic stem cells arising from
a blastocyst are comprised of 50 to 150 cells and have the greatest potential to develop
into 200 cell types. Adult stem cells are the only stem cells commonly used to treat
human disease. Successful treatments have been demonstrated through bone marrow
transplants for leukemia, lymphoma, aplastic anemia and other blood and autoimmune
disorders. Clinical potential exists in the treatment of diabetes and advanced kidney
cancers.
Reetu hanglem (2010) states that in 1988, umbilical cord stem cells were first
used for transplantation on a 5-year old boy suffering from Fanconi's anaemia in France.
The boy was cured of the disease and is still alive. Based on this and other successful
transplants, doctors and researchers began to collect, freeze and store cord blood units at
17
cord banks throughout the world to treat several ailments and save lives. More than 45
diseases have now been treated using cord blood cells. These include malignant diseases
like leukaemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma and retinoblastoma, and several other non-
malignant diseases as well. Non- malignant diseases are primarily inherited disorders of
the blood and immune systems, or are genetic diseases affecting metabolism. There have
been over 15,000 cord blood transplants worldwide through 2009. In the United States,
more than one half of all stem cell transplants from unrelated donors in children now use
cord blood. In Japan, this is true for adults as well. This program has provided cord blood
units for transplantation to over 3,500 recipients to date, about one fourth of all cord
blood transplants from unrelated donors. In India, there are approximately 72000 births
daily, which results in discarding 72000 umbilical cords a day. The storage of stem cell
rich blood derived from these umbilical cords can prove to be the best possible insurance
against life threatening diseases.8.Indians have high incidence of diseases like Diabetes
and Heart ailments, in the treatment of which cord blood can be a godsend, The potential
of these stem cells are far higher because they prevent Graft versus Host Disease.
Cedar SH.(2009) states that Nurses and midwives are part of health care in all
the stages of our lives from preconception to death. Recent scientific advances have
introduced new techniques of screening and diagnosis linked to stem cell isolation and
therapies. These could affect us at any age and therefore nurses will be involved as
careers and patients advocates for these techniques. In this article stem cell techniques
and therapies are outlined, as well as some of the ethical challenges faced by various
nursing groups, whether in adult, learning difficulties, mental health, paediatric, primary
care, public health or health visiting areas. Nurses represent all parties in these therapies
and act as advocates for every patient group. They need to act in an interprofessional
environment to promote the best interests of all their clients, both clinically and ethically.
Gregory Hale, (2009) conducted a study on Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplant

for Treatment Refractory Hematological Malignancies haploidentical transplant has
proven curative in many patients, this procedure has been hindered by significant
complications, primarily regimen-related toxicity including graft versus host disease
18
(GVHD), and infection due to delayed immune reconstitution. These can, in part, be due
to certain white blood cells in the graft called T cells. GVHD happens when the donor
T cells recognize the patient's (the host) body tissues are different and attack these cells.
Although too many T cells increase the possibility of GVHD, too few may cause the
recipient's immune system to reconstitute slowly or the graft to fail to grow, leaving the
patient at high-risk for infection. However, the presence of T cells in the graft may offer a
positive effect called graft versus malignancy or GVM. With GVM, the donor
T cells recognize the patient's malignant cells as diseased and, in turn, attack these
diseased cells. In this study, patients were given a haploidentical graft engineered to with
specific T cell parameter values using the CliniMACS system. A reduced intensity,
preparative regimen was used to reduce regimen-related toxicity and mortality. The
primary goal of this study is to evaluate overall survival in those who receive this study
treatment.
19
PART II
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The word conceptual framework represents a less formal attempt at organizing a

phenomenon. Conceptual model deals with concepts that are used as building blocks and
provide a conceptual perspective regarding inter related phenomena which are closely
structured.
The central focus of Imogene King‘s framework is man as a dynamic human

being whose perception of objects, person and events influence his behavior, social
interaction, and health. Imogene King‘s conceptual frame work includes three interacting
system which each system having its own distinct group of concepts and characteristics.
These systems include personal system, interpersonal system and social system. King‘s
basic assumption maintained that nursing is a process that involves caring for human
beings which health being the ultimate goal (Torres,1986) the three system that constitute
King‘s conceptual framework provide the basis for development of her theory of goal
attainment.
The personal system refers to the individual. The concept within the personal
system and fundamental in understanding human beings are perception, self, body image,
growth and development, time and space. Imogene King viewed perception as the most
important variables because perception influences behavior. King summarized the
connections among the concepts in the following statement. An individual‘s perception of
self, body image, time and space influence the way he or she responds to persons, objects
and events in his or her life. As individuals grow and develop through the life span,
experiences with changes in structure and function of their bodies over time influence
their perception of self, interpersonal systems involve individuals interacting with one
another.
Imogene king (1981) stated, although personal and social systems influence the
quality of care, the major elements in a theory of goal attainment are discovered in the
interpersonal system in which two people, who are usually strangers, come together 19 in
20
a health care organization to help and to be helped to maintain a state of health that
permits functioning in roles. King believed that interactions between the nurse and
mothers results in goal attainment.
This theory is based on the concepts of the personal and interpersonal systems
including interaction, perception, transaction and action. A basic theory for conceptual
framework, which is aimed to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme
on knowledge and attitude regarding stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers. The
major concepts are described as follows.
1. Perception
Perception is the person‘s representation of the reality. It influences all other

behavior of a person and it is more subjective and unique to each person. The researcher
perceives that the antenatal mothers have inadequate of knowledge and poor attitude
regarding cord blood stem cell therapy.
2. Judgement
The judgment is a decision made by the researcher and the antenatal mothers.
Here the researcher judges that teaching the antenatal mothers regarding cord blood stem
cell therapy.
3. Action
It refers to the changes that have to be achieved. The researcher‘s action is

planned and motivated to conduct structured teaching programme on knowledge and
attitude on cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers.
4. Mutual goal setting
Here the researcher educate structured teaching programme on cord blood stem
cell therapy and the antenatal mothers are actively involved in this programme.
21
5. Reaction
Reaction means decision to act. In this study the researcher developed a tool to
assess the existing knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among
antenatal mothers.
6. Interaction
Interaction is a process of perception and communication between person to

person, represented by verbal and nonverbal behaviors that are goal directed. Here the
researchers gave pretest conducted structured teaching programme on knowledge and
attitude on cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers and post test.
7. Transaction
The transaction is purposeful interaction that leads to goal attainment, between the
researcher and the antenatal mothers. Here the researcher assesses the effectiveness of
structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell
therapy by post test by using the same tool.
Positive outcome is adequate knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem
cell therapy among antenatal mothers which has to be enhanced further. Negative
outcome is moderate and inadequate knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem
cell therapy among antenatal mothers.
King‘s conceptual framework provides a useful structure for the researcher, in

educating antenatal mothers regarding cord blood stem cell therapy. This theory also
provides direction for nursing practice by emphasizing the process of multidisciplinary
collaboration, communication, interaction, transaction and the use of critical thinking.
Thus the researcher adopted this model to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching
programme on knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among
antenatal mothers.
22
PERCEPTION:
Need to teach the
Antenatal mothers about Goal not
knowledge and attitude on attained:
stem cell therapy
There is no
Mutual goal Reaction Interaction improvement
in
JUDGEMENT: Setting knowledge
Mobilize the resources for and attitude
Nurse as a teaching about cord blood To attend Assess the  Pretest on cord
stem cell therapy among blood stem
educator
antenatal mothers the STP level of  Structured
cell therapy.
on knowledge Teaching
knowledge and Programme
and attitude on
ACTION: Planned to Transaction
conduct STP on knowledge attitude on and knowledge
and attitude on stem cell cord blood develop a and attitude Difference in
therapy. level of
Ante stem cell tool, on cord
knowledge
natal therapy Structured blood stem and attitude
mothers
will Teaching cell therapy on cord
ACTION: Motivated to
improve Programme blood stem
attend the STP on knowledge among
and attitude on cord blood cell therapy.
antenatal on ante natal
stem cell therapy.
mother‘s knowledge mothers.
knowledge and  Post test
and attitude on Goal
JUDGEMENT: Seeking for attitude. attained
cord blood
information source of learning There is
will improve the knowledge stem cell improvement
and attitude therapy. in
knowledge
and
PERCEPTION: Need to gain favorable
knowledge and good attitude attitude on
on cord blood stem cell cord blood
therapy stem cell
therapy.
Fig. 1 Conceptual Framework Based on Modified Imogene King‟s Goal Attainment

Model
23
CHAPTER - III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Methodology of research organizes all the components of study in a way that

most likely we need to valid answers for the problems that have been posted.
(Burns and Groove, 2008)
This chapter deals with the methodology adopted for the study. It includes the
research approach, research design, variables, setting, population, sample and criteria for
selection of the sample, sample size, sampling technique, development and description of
the tool, content validity, pilot study and reliability of the tool, data collection procedure
and plan for data analysis.
RESEARCH APPROACH:
A evaluative research approach has been used for the study.
RESEARCH DESIGN:
The research design used in this study was pre experimental one group pretest
post test research design.
24
The schematic representation follows
Group Pre-test Intervention Post-test

(01) () (02)
Antenatal mothers Assessment of pre Structured teaching Assessment of post
test level of programme test level of knowledge
knowledge and On knowledge and and attitude regarding
attitude regarding attitude regarding cord blood stem cell
cord blood stem cell cord blood stem cell therapy.
therapy. therapy.
VARIABLES
Dependent variable
The dependent variables in this study are knowledge and attitude.
Independent variable
The independent variable in this study is structured teaching programme on cord

Extraneous Variable
The extraneous variables in this study are educational status, occupation, income.
SETTING
The research setting was Jayaa hospital and Suguna hospital, Tiruchengode,
Namakkal district, Each hospital consist of 100 bedded hospitals.
25
POPULATION
Target Population
The target population for this study was antenatal mothers.
Accessible Population
Antenatal mothers in Jayaa hospital and Suguna hospital at Tiruchengode.
SAMPLE
The sample for this study included antenatal mothers who meet inclusive criteria.
SAMPLE SIZE
It consists of 30 antenatal mothers. Samples were selected from Jayaa and Suguna
hospitals, Tiruchengode.
CRIETERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTION
Inclusion criteria
The study include
 Antenatal Mothers who attend Outpatient department in selected private

hospitals at Namakkal district.
 Mothers who are willing to participate in the study
 Mothers who are available at the time of data collection
 Mothers parents are able to read and write.
 Mothers who are educated.
26
Exclusion criteria
The study excludes,
 Mothers who are all having any hearing and visual problem.
 Mothers who already registered for cord blood stem cell therapy.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Thirty (30) antenatal mothers were selected by non probability convenient

sampling technique from Jayaa and Suguna hospitals, Tiruchengode.
DEVELOPMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF TOOL
The tool is a vehicle that could obtain data pertinent to the study and at the same
time adds to the body of general knowledge in the discipline. Data collection tools were
used by the researcher to observe or measure the key. Selection and development of the
tool was done based on the objectives of the study. After the review of related literatures
the structured knowledge and attitude interview questionnaire regarding cord blood stem
cell therapy among antenatal mothers was developed by the investigator. The developed
tool was refined and validated by the subject experts and guide.
27
EVALUATIVE APPROACH
RESEARCH DESIGN: Pre Experimental One Group, Pretest and Post Test Design
STUDY SETTING: Jayaa and suguna Hospitals at Tiruchengode.
TARGET POPULATION: Antenatal Mothers.
ACCESSIBLE POPULATION:
Antenatal Mothers Who Meet Inclusive Criteria.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: Non probability convenient sampling Technique.
SAMPLE SIZE: 30
PRE TEST: Assessment Of Knowledge And Attitude Regarding cord blood stem cell
therapy among Antenatal Mothers.
INTERVENTION: Structured Teaching Programme on cord blood stem cell therapy

among Antenatal Mothers
POST TEST : Assessment Of effectiveness of structured teaching programme on

cord blood stem cell therapy among Antenatal Mothers.
DATA ANALYSIS: Descriptive And Inferential Statistics.
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
Fig: 2 SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY
28
DATA COLLECTION TOOL
The tool consists of three sections
SECTION – A
It deals with demographic variables,which includes Age,Religion,Gravida,

Education,Occupation,Types of family,Previous source on stem cell therapy.
SECTION – B
This section consists of structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge among

antenatal mothers. It consists of 40 multiple choice questions. Scoring was done for each
items. In each question there was only one right choice. Each correct answer was given a
score of one and wrong answer carries score of zero. Knowledge was measured in terms
of knowledge score. The total scores of knowledge were 40.
Scoring key each correct answer carries – 1 mark
Each incorrect answer carries – 0 mark,
and it is classified as
Score level of knowledge
≤50% Inadequate Knowledge
51 – 75% Moderately Adequate Knowledge
>75% Adequate Knowledge
SECTION - C
A likert attitude scale was prepared by the investigator to assess the attitude of
stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers. It consists of 20 statements that are 16
positive statement and 4 negative statements. Each statement was scored in the following
manner.
29
Scoring key
Each item has 5 options such as Strongly Agree, Agree, Neither Agree nor
Disagree, Disagree, Strongly Disagree.
The scores for those who strongly agree 5 points, 4 points for agree, 3 points for neither
Agree nor Disagree, 2 points for disagree, 1 point for Strongly Disagree.
 This is for positive statements. It will be reversible for negative statements.
Score Attitude Level
≤50% Favorable attitude

51 – 75% Moderately Favorable attitude
>75% Unfavorable attitude
INTERVENTION
Structured teaching programme on cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal
mothers.
CONTENT VALIDITY
Polit and hungler (1999) stated that it is concerned that sampling adequacy of
items for the construct that is being measured. Content validity is relevant for both
affective measures and cognitive measures. The content validity of an instrument is
necessarily based on judgment. The content validity of tool was done by 3 nursing
experts, 2 obstetricians and gynecologist. Experts were asked to give their opinion and
suggestions about the concept of the tool. The modifications recommended by the experts
were incorporated in the final preparation of the questionnaire by the investigator. The
tool was translated into Tamil by language experts.
30
RELIABILITY
Polit and Hungler (1999) state that one important characteristics of measuring tool
is its reliability, which refers to the degree of consistency or accuracy with which an
instrument measures an attribute. The structured interview questionnaire was tried on 30
antenatal mothers selected in Jayaa and Suguna hospitals Tiruchengode at Namakkal
district. Reliability was found out by split half method using spearman Brown‘s formula.
The reliability of the knowledge questionnaire was found to be r = 0.83 and for attitude
r= 0.87 Hence the tool was found to be statistically reliable for the study.
PILOT STUDY
Pilot study is a trial run for major study to test the reliability, practicability,
appropriateness and flexibility of the tool for the study. The investigator conducted a pilot
study in the month of January with 5 samples selected in Raji hospital Tiruchengode at
Namakkal district. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics that is mean,
percentage and standard deviation of the variables and were calculated and compared.
Results revealed that there was a positive correlation. The tool was found feasible and
practicable. The investigator proceeded for the main study. No modification was done in
the methodology and tool.
PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION
The main study was conducted after obtaining formal permission from the
principal,Arvinth College of Nursing, Ethical Committee clearance and written
permission was obtained from the doctors of Jayaa and Suguna hospital,Tiruchengode,
Namakkal district.
A total of 30 Antenatal mothers who fulfilled the inclusive criteria were selected
using non probability convenient sampling technique. The data was collected during the
month of February 2016.
31
A brief introduction of self explanation on the purpose of the study was given.
The written consent was obtained from the antenatal mothers.
The investigator collected socio demographic data and assessed their knowledge
and attitude on cord blood stem cell therapy on first day and structured teaching
programme on cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers was given on the
same day for 45 minutes to 1 hour. Post test knowledge and attitude was assessed on 8th
day by using same tool as used for the pre test.
No of samples Date of Pre test Date of post test

7 03/02/2016 10/02/2016
4 04/02/2016 11/02/2016
3 05/02/2016 12/02/2016
6 06/02/2016 13/02/2016
5 07/02/2016 14/02/2016
5 08/02/2016 15/02/2016
PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS
 The data obtained were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential
statistics.
 Descriptive statistics used to find out frequency, percentage, mean and
standard deviation.
 ―t‟ test was used for comparing the knowledge and attitude.
 Correlation was used to find out the relationship between knowledge and
attitude among ante natal mothers.
 Chi-square test was used to find out the association of demographic variable
with knowledge and attitude.
32
CHAPTER – IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of data collected from
30 antenatal mothers in selected private hospitals at Namakkal District, to assess the
effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge and attitude regarding
cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers. The data collected for the
study was grouped and analyzed as per the objectives set for the study. The findings
based on the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis are presented under the
following sections.
ORGANIZATION OF DATA
The findings of the study were grouped and analyzed under the following
sessions.
Section A : Description of the demographic variables.
Section B : Assessment of pretest and post test level of knowledge and attitude
regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers.
Section C : Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and

attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal
mothers.
Section D : Relationship between post test knowledge and attitude scores regarding
Section E : Association of post test level of knowledge and attitude regarding cord
blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers with selected
demographic variables.
33
SECTION A: DESCRIPTION OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES.
Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variables of

antenatal mothers
n = 30
Demographic Variables No. %

Age of the mother
21 – 25 10 33.33
26 – 30 15 50.00
31 – 35 3 10.00
36 – 40 2 6.67
Religion
Hindu 25 83.33
Muslim 3 10.00
Christian 2 6.67
Others 0 0.00
Gravida of the mother
Gravida one 16 53.33
Gravida two 14 46.67
Multigravida 0 0.00
Education
Secondary school education 1 3.33
Higher secondary education 9 30.00
Graduate 20 66.67
Occupation
Homemaker 5 16.67
Government employee 6 20.00
Private employee 13 43.33
Self - employee business 6 20.00
Type of family
Nuclear family 13 43.33
Joint family 17 56.67
Previous knowledge
Mass media 5 16.67
Health workers 0 0.00
Peer group 0 0.00
None 25 83.33
34
The table 1 shows that majority 15(50%) of antenatal mothers were in the age
group of 26 – 30 years, 25983.33%) were Hindus, 16(53.33%) were gravida one,
20(66.67%) were graduates, 13(43.33%) were private employee, 17(56.67%)
belonged to joint family and 25(83.33%) had no previous knowledge on cord blood
stem cell therapy.
35
SECTION B: ASSESSMENT OF PRETEST AND POST TEST LEVEL OF
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING CORD BLOOD STEM CELL
THERAPY AMONG ANTENATAL MOTHERS.
Table 2: Frequency and percentage distribution of pretest and post test level of
knowledge regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers.
n = 30
Moderately
Inadequate Adequate
Adequate
Knowledge (≤50%) (>75%)
(51 – 75%)
No. % No. % No. %
Pretest 30 100.0 0 0 0 0
Post Test 0 0 7 23.33 23 76.67
The table 2 shows that in the pretest, almost all 30(100%) had inadequate
knowledge whereas in the post test after imparting structured teaching programme
majority 23(76.67%) had adequate knowledge and only 7(23.33%) had moderately
adequate knowledge regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers.
36
100 Pretest
100 Post test

90 76.67
80
70
60
Percentage
50
40 23.33
30
20 0
0
10 0
0
Inadequate Moderately Adequate Adequate
Level of Knowledge
Fig :3 Percentage distribution of pretest and post test level of knowledge regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal
mothers
37
Table 3: Frequency and percentage distribution of pretest and post test level of
attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers.
n = 30
Moderately
Unfavourable Favourable
Favourable
Attitude (<50%) (>75%)
(50 – 75%)
No. % No. % No. %
Pretest 25 83.33 5 16.67 0 0
Post Test 3 10.0 6 20.0 21 70.0
The table 3 shows that in the pretest, almost all 25(83.33%) had unfavourable
attitude and 5(16.67%) had moderately favourable attitude whereas in the post test after
imparting structured teaching programme majority 21(70%) had favourable attitude,
6(20%) had moderately favourable attitude and 3(10%) had unfavourable attitude
38
Pretest
100 Post test

83.33
90
80 70
70
60
Percentage
50
40
30 20
16.67
10
20
10 0
0
Unfavourable Moderately Favourable Favourable
Level of Attitude
Fig : 4 Percentage distribution of pretest and post test level of attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers
39
SECTION C: EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME
ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING CORD BLOOD STEM
CELL THERAPY AMONG ANTENATAL MOTHERS.
Table 4: Comparison of pretest and post test knowledge scores regarding cord blood
stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers.
n = 30
Knowledge Mean S.D Paired „t‟ Value

Pretest 11.50 2.70 t = 57.742
Post Test 33.06 3.93 p = 0.000, S***
***p<0.001, S – Significant
The table 4 shows that in the pretest, the mean score of knowledge was 11.50 with
S.D 2.70 whereas in the post test the mean score of knowledge was 33.06 with S.D 3.93.
The calculated paired ‗t‘ value of t = 57.742 was found to statistically significant at
p<0.001 level. This clearly shows that the structured teaching programme imparted to
antenatal mothers had significant improvement in the post test level of knowledge
regarding cord blood stem cell therapy.
40
Table 5: Comparison of pretest and post test attitude scores regarding cord blood
n = 30
Attitude Mean S.D Paired „t‟ Value

Pretest 40.26 11.98 t = 18.758
Post Test 78.40 14.31 p = 0.000, S***
***p<0.001, S – Significant
The table 5 shows that in the pretest, the mean score of attitude was 40.26 with
S.D 11.98 whereas in the post test the mean score of knowledge was 78.40 with S.D
14.31. The calculated paired ‗t‘ value of t = 29.885 was found to statistically significant
at p<0.001 level. This clearly shows that the structured teaching programme imparted to
antenatal mothers had significant improvement in the post test level of attitude regarding
cord blood stem cell therapy.
41
SECTION D: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POST TEST KNOWLEDGE AND
ATTITUDE SCORES REGARDING CORD BLOOD STEM CELL THERAPY
AMONG ANTENATAL MOTHERS.
Table 6: Correlation between post test knowledge and attitude scores regarding
n = 30
Variables Mean S.D „r‟ Value

Knowledge 33.06 3.93 r = 0.715
Attitude 78.40 14.31 p = 0.000, S**
**p<0.01, S – Significant
The table 6 shows that the post mean score of knowledge was 33.06 with S.D 3.93
and the posttest attitude score was 78.40 with S.D 14.31. The calculated Karl Pearson‘s
Correlation value of r = 0.715 shows a positive correlation and it was found to be
statistically significant at p<0.01 level. This clearly indicates that when the knowledge
regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers increases their attitude
level also increases.
42
SECTION E: ASSOCIATION OF POST TEST LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND
ATTITUDE REGARDING CORD BLOOD STEM CELL THERAPY AMONG
ANTENATAL MOTHERS WITH SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES.
Table 7: Association of post test level of knowledge regarding cord blood stem cell
therapy among antenatal mothers with selected demographic variables. n = 30
Moderately
Adequate Chi-
Adequate
Demographic Variables (>75%) Square
(51 – 75%)
Value
No. % No. %
Age of the mother
21 – 25 3 10.0 7 23.3 2=1.118
d.f=3
26 – 30 3 10.0 12 40.0
p = 0.773
31 – 35 1 3.3 2 6.7 N.S
36 – 40 0 0 2 6.7
Religion
Hindu 0 0 19 63.3 2=0.783
d.f=2
Muslim 1 3.3 2 6.7
p = 0.676
Christian 0 0 2 6.7 N.S
Others - - - -
Education 2=0.932
Secondary school education 0 0 1 3.3 d.f=2
Higher secondary education 3 10.0 6 20.0 p = 0.628
Graduate 4 13.3 16 53.3 N.S
Occupation
Homemaker 2 6.7 3 10.0 2=0.932
d.f=3
Government employee 1 3.3 4 13.3
p = 0.818
Private employee 3 10.0 12 40.0 N.S
Self - employee business 1 3.3 4 13.3
Type of family 2=0.001
d.f=1
Nuclear family 3 10.0 10 33.3 p = 0.977
Joint family 4 13.3 13 43.3 N.S
Previous knowledge
Mass media 2 6.7 3 10.0 2=0.932
d.f=1
Health workers - - - -
p = 0.334
Peer group - - - - N.S
None 5 16.7 20 66.7
*p<0.05, S – Significant, N.S – Not Significant
43
The table 7 shows that the demographic variable gravida had shown statistically
significant association with post test level of knowledge regarding cord blood stem cell
therapy among antenatal mothers at p<0.05 level and the other demographic variables
had not shown statistically significant association with post test level of knowledge
44
Table 8: Association of post test level of attitude regarding cord blood stem cell
therapy among antenatal mothers with selected demographic variables.
n = 30
Moderately
Unfavourable Favourable
Favourable Chi-Square
Demographic Variables (≤50%) (>75%)
(50 – 75%) Value
No. % No. % No. %
Age of the mother
21 – 25 1 3.3 3 10.0 6 20.0 2=2.595
d.f=6
26 – 30 2 6.7 2 6.7 11 36.7
p = 0.858
31 – 35 0 0 1 3.3 2 6.7 N.S
36 – 40 0 0 0 0 2 6.7
Religion
Hindu 3 10.0 5 16.7 17 56.7 2=1.543
0 0 d.f=4
Muslim 1 3.3 2 6.7
p = 0.819
Christian 0 0 0 0 2 6.7 N.S
Others - - - - - -
Education 2=0.476
Secondary school education 0 0 0 0 1 3.3 d.f=4
Higher secondary education 1 3.3 2 6.7 6 20.0 p = 0.976
Graduate 2 6.7 4 13.3 14 46.7 N.S
Occupation
Homemaker 1 3.3 2 6.7 2 6.7 2=7.436
1 3.3 d.f=6
Government employee 0 0 5 16.7
p = 0.282
Private employee 0 0 4 13.3 9 30.0 N.S
Self - employee business 1 3.3 0 0 5 16.7
Type of family 2=1.008
2 6.7 d.f=2
Nuclear family 3 10.0 8 26.7
p = 0.604
Joint family 1 3.3 3 10.0 13 43.3 N.S
Previous knowledge
Mass media 0 0 2 6.7 3 10.0
2=1.886
Health workers - - - - - - d.f=2
p = 0.390
Peer group - - - - - -
N.S
None 3 10.0 4 13.3 18 60.0
N.S – Not Significant
45
The table 8 shows that none of the demographic variables had shown statistically
significant association with post test level of attitude regarding cord blood stem cell
46
CHAPTER - V
DISCUSSION
This chapter discusses in detail the findings of the study derived from the
statistical analysis and its pertinence to the objectives of the study and further discussion
exemplify these objectives were satisfied by the study.The purpose of the study was to
assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude
regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers. The findings based on
the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis are presented under the following
sections.
Description of the demographic variable among antenatal mothers with cord blood
stem cell therapy
With regard to the demographic variables majority 15(50%) of antenatal mothers

were in the age group of 26 – 30 years, 25983.33%) were Hindus, 16(53.33%) were
gravida one, 20(66.67%) were graduates, 13(43.33%) were private employee,
17(56.67%) belonged to joint family and 25(83.33%) had no previous knowledge on cord
The first objective was to determine the pretest and posttest level of knowledge and
attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers
Findings of pretest, almost all 30(100%) had inadequate knowledge whereas in

the post test after imparting structured teaching programme majority 23(76.67%) had
adequate knowledge and only 7(23.33%) had moderately adequate knowledge regarding
The finding also revealed that in the pretest, almost all 25(83.33%) had
unfavourable attitude and 5(16.67%) had moderately favourable attitude whereas in the
post test after imparting structured teaching programme majority 21(70%) had favourable
47
attitude, 6(20%) had moderately favourable attitude and 3(10%) had unfavourable
attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers.
The second objective was to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching

programme on knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy
The comparison tables showed that in the pretest, the mean score of knowledge
was 11.50 with S.D 2.70 whereas in the post test the mean score of knowledge was 33.06
with S.D 3.93. The calculated paired ‗t‘ value of t = 57.742 was found to statistically
significant at p<0.001 level. This clearly shows that the structured teaching programme
imparted to antenatal mothers had significant improvement in the post test level of
knowledge regarding cord blood stem cell therapy.
The table 5 shows that in the pretest, the mean score of attitude was 40.26 with
S.D 11.98 whereas in the post test the mean score of knowledge was 78.40 with S.D
14.31. The calculated paired ‗t‘ value of t = 29.885 was found to statistically significant
at p<0.001 level. This clearly shows that the structured teaching programme imparted to
antenatal mothers had significant improvement in the post test level of attitude regarding
Hence the hypothesis H1- There will be significant difference between pre and
post test knowledge and attitude score regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among
antenatal mothers.
The third objectives was to relationship between post test knowledge and attitude
scores regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers.
The table 6 shows that the post mean score of knowledge was 33.06 with S.D 3.93
and the posttest attitude score was 78.40 with S.D 14.31. The calculated Karl Pearson‘s
Correlation value of r = 0.715 shows a positive correlation and it was found to be
statistically significant at p<0.01 level. This clearly indicates that when the knowledge
48
regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers increases their attitude
level also increases.
Hence the hypothesis H2- There will be significant association between post test
knowledge and attitude score with selected demographic variables such as (Age,
Religion, Gravida, Education, Previous source on cord blood stem cell therapy)
The fourth objective was to associate the post test level of knowledge and attitude
regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers with selected
demographic variables.
Table 7 shows that all demographic variables had not shown statistically
significant association with post test level of knowledge regarding cord blood stem cell
therapy among antenatal mothers at p<0.05 level.
The table 8 shows that none of the demographic variables had shown statistically
significant association with post test level of attitude regarding cord blood stem cell
Hence the hypothesis H3-There will be relationship between post test knowledge
and attitude with selected demographic variables such as (Age, Religion, Gravida,
Education, Previous source on cord blood stem cell therapy).
49
CHAPTER - VI
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, NURSING IMPLICATIONS,
RECOMMENDATIONS AND LIMITATIONS
This chapter presents the summary, conclusion, nursing implications,
recommendations and limitations of the study based on objectives selected.
SUMMARY
The umbilical cord is one of the richest sources of pure young stem cells in the
human body. Stem cells are the very foundation of the human body. Every part of our
body including blood, bone, skin and muscles are formed from master cells known as
stem cells. Cord blood stem cells are master cells of our body used in the treatment of
nearly 80 diseases, including wide range of cancers, genetic diseases and blood
transplant. When a transplant is successful a healthy new immune system has been
treated.Umblical cord stem cells when preserve under cryogenic conditions have no
expiration date, thereby providing life time benefit.
The objectives of the study were
1. To assess the pre test knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell
2. To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on cord blood
3. To correlate knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy
among antenatal mothers
4. To find the association between post test knowledge and attitude regarding
stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers with their selected demographic cell
variables such as Age ,Religion, Gravida, Education, Previous source on cord
blood stem therapy.
50
The study was based on assumptions that
The study assumes that;

1. Antenatal mothers may have inadequate knowledge and attitude regarding
cord blood stem cell therapy
2. Structured teaching programme can be an effective tool for creating awareness
on knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy.
The hypothesis formulated were
 H1- There will be significant difference between pre and post test knowledge
and attitude score regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal
mother.
 H2- There will be significant association between post test knowledge and
attitude score with selected demographic variables such as (Age, Religion,
Gravida, Education, Previous source on cord blood stem cell therapy)
 H3-There will be relationship between post test knowledge and attitude with
selected demographic variables such as (Age, Religion, Gravida, Education,
Previous source on cord blood stem cell therapy).
The review of literature was derived from primary and secondary sources along
with professional experience and experts guidance from the field of gynecological and
obstetrical nursing provided a comprehensive frame work for the selection of problem
and for achieving the objectives of the study. It also strengthened the ideas for conceptual
framework, aided to design the methodology and develop the tool for data collection.
The conceptual framework for the study was based on king‘s goal attainment theory.
The researcher adopted quantitative research approach and pre experimental one
group pre test and post test only design was used to assess the effectiveness of structured
teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy
51
among antenatal mothers. The study was conducted among the antenatal mothers who
attended outpatient department at Jayaa and Suguna hospital Tiruchengode, Namakkal
district, and whoever fulfilled the inclusive criteria of the study. The sample size was 30
who were assigned by non probability convenient sampling technique.
The tool for data collection had 3 parts : part - 1:Demographic data to collect
information on Age ,Religion, Gravida, Education, Previous source on cord blood stem
cell therapy. part - 2 : Structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge of
antenatal mothers regarding cord blood stem cell therapy. Part - 3: Likert Attitude
Scale to assess the attitude of antenatal mothers on cord blood stem cell therapy.
The obstetricians and gynecologist experts validated the tool the pilot study was
conducted at Raji hospital and it was found practicable and feasible to proceed with the
main study. The reliability of the tool was established by test retest method for assessing
knowledge, ‗r‘ = 0.83 and inter-rater method for assessing practice, ‗r‘=0.87.The finding
showed that the tool was found to be highly reliable to proceed with the main study.
The ethical aspect of research was maintained through the study by obtaining
ethical clearance, formal permission from the respective authorities and consent from the
antenatal mothers. Privacy and confidentiality was maintained throughout the data
collection period and collected data was used only for the research purpose.
The main study was conducted during February 2016.The collected data was
analyzed using SPSS Version 21.
Major findings of the study
The data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Interpretation and discussion was done based on the objectives of the study, null
hypothesis, conceptual framework and research studies from literature review.
 In pretest Majority 30(100%) had inadequate knowledge whereas in the post

test after imparting structured teaching programme majority 23(76.67%) had
adequate knowledge and only 7(23.33%) had moderately
52
adequate knowledge regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among
antenatal mothers.
 The finding also revealed that in the pretest, almost all 25(83.33%) had
unfavourable attitude and 5(16.67%) had moderately favourable attitude
whereas in the post test after imparting structured teaching programme
majority 21(70%) had favourable attitude, 6(20%) had moderately favourable
attitude and 3(10%) had unfavourable attitude regarding cord blood stem cell
 The comparison tables showed that in the pretest, the mean score of
knowledge was 11.50 with S.D 2.70 whereas in the post test the mean score of
knowledge was 33.06 with S.D 3.93. The calculated paired ‗t‘ value of t =
57.742 was found to statistically significant at p<0.001 level. This clearly
shows that the structured teaching programme imparted to antenatal mothers
had significant improvement in the post test level of knowledge regarding
 The finding also shows that in the pretest, the mean score of knowledge was
11.50 with S.D 2.70 whereas in the post test the mean score of knowledge was
33.06 with S.D 3.93. The calculated paired ‗t‘ value of t = 57.742 was found
to statistically significant at p<0.001 level. This clearly shows that the
structured teaching programme imparted to antenatal mothers had significant
improvement in the post test level of knowledge regarding cord blood stem
cell therapy.
 The relationship between that the post mean score of knowledge was 33.06
with S.D 3.93 and the post test attitude score was 78.40 with S.D 14.31. The
calculated Karl Pearson‘s Correlation value of r = 0.715 shows a positive
correlation and it was found to be statistically significant at p<0.01 level. This
clearly indicates that when the knowledge regarding cord blood stem cell
therapy among antenatal mothers increases their attitude level also increases.
53
CONCLUSION
The present study assessed the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on

knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers.
The results revealed that structured teaching programme is very effective in increasing
the level of knowledge and attitude at p<0.01 level. From the findings of the study, the
investigator concluded that structured teaching programme has an important role in
increasing level of knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among
antenatal mothers.
IMPLICATIONS
The implications drawn from this study are of importance to the field of nursing
including nursing service, administration, education and research.
Nursing Practice
 The nurse as a service provider should periodically organize and conduct mass
education programme on cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal
mothers.
 The nurse implements the information, education, communication to create
aware to the antenatal mothers about stem cell therapy.
 As a service provider the nurse should implement cord blood stem cell
therapy among antenatal mothers and improve their knowledge.
Nursing Education
 Nurses must be reinforced in-service education regarding define stem cell

therapy and it‘s types, disease treated by umbilical cord, procedure to collect
stem cells.
 Nursing students have to be educated regarding cord blood stem cells therapy
54
 Nurse educators should emphasize the proper education about stem cell
therapy as well as provide opportunity for students to apply the knowledge in
their practice.
Nursing Administration
 The nurse as an administrator should implement formal teaching programme

on cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers.
 Provide opportunities for nurses to attend training programmes.
 The nurse must instrumental in pointing out relevant policies of the state and
central level of ensure effective programme to educate the public and facilitate
optimal recourses allocation for implementation of the programme and create
intersectional network about cord blood stem cell therapy.
Nursing Research
 Nurse researchers can promote more research with regard to utilization of

disease treated by cord blood stem cell therapy.
 Nurse researchers can collaborate with the other health team members in
developing evidence based nursing practice.
 Nursing researcher can encourage clinical nurse to apply the research findings
in their daily nursing care activities.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Nursing research is a widely expanding area with need for validating

conservative, interventions and development of new knowledge. This study recommends
the following for achieving this end.
 A comparative study can be carried out to assess the factors leading to the
development of cord blood stem cell therapy between rural and urban
population.
 A video teaching program on cord blood stem cell therapy can be conducted
in larger samples for better generalization.
55
 A comparative study can be conducted to compare the effect of structured
teaching programme among experimental group and control group without
intervention.
LIMITATIONS
 The study was confined to small number of subjects and shorter period.
56
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61
APPENDIX I
LETTER SEEKING PERMISSION TO CONDUCT STUDY
From
Mrs. S.Gomathi,
II year M.Sc (N),
Arvind College Of Nursing
Namakkal.
Forwarded Through
Prof. Mrs. V. Kavitha M.Sc (N)
Principal,
Arvinth College of Nursing,
Namakkal.
To
The Administrator
Jayaa and Suguna Hospitals,
Tiruchengode,
Namakkal
Respected Madam/Sir,
Subject : Requesting permission to conduct research in the hospital
As a part of M.Sc Nursing requirement under the fulfillment of the Tamilnadu
Dr. M.G.R University,I am conducting a research on ―A study to assess the
effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude
regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers in selected private
hospitals at Namakkal district”.Kindly grant me permission to conduct research in your
esteemed hospital.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully
(S.Gomathi)
62
APPENDIX II
LETTER SEEKING EXPERTS OPENION FOR CONTENT VALIDITY
From
Mrs. S.Gomathi,
II year M.Sc (N),
Namakkal.
To
Respected Madam/Sir,
Sub: requisition for expert opinion on suggestion for content validity of the tool.
I am Mrs. S.Gomathi doing my M.Sc Nursing II year specializing in obstetrical
and gynaecological nursing at Arvinth college of Nursing. As a part of my research
project to be submitted to the Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R University requirement for the award
of M.Sc (N) degree, I am conducting ―A study to assess the effectiveness of structured
teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood stem cell
therapy among antenatal mothers in selected private hospitals at Namakkal
district”.
I have enclosed my data collection tool and intervention tool for your expert
guidance and validation. Kindly do the needful.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully
(S.Gomathi)
Enclosures:
1. Research Proposal
2. Data collection tool
3. Intervention tool
4. Content validity form
5. Certificate for content validity
63
APPENDIX III
LIST OF EXPERTS FOR CONTENT VALIDITY
1. Mrs.Malathi, M.Sc (Nursing)

Associate Professor,
J.K.K Nataraja College of nursing,
Komarapalayam.
2. Mr.A.Hamidhunniza, M.Sc (Nursing)

Associate Professor,
Nandha College of nursing,
Erode.
3. Mrs. S.Menaka, M.Sc (Nursing),

Annai J.K.K Sampoorani ammal College of nursing,
Komarapalayam.
4. Dr. Mrs.G.Manimekalai,
Jayaa Hospital,
Tiruchengode.
5. Dr. Mrs.S.Rajeswari,
Raji Hospital,
Tiruchengode.
64
APPENDIX IV
FORMAT FOR CONTENT VALIDITY
Name of the Expert :
Address :
Total content of the tool: Adequate / Inadequate
Kindly Validate each tool and tick if it applicable
Signature of the expert with date
65
CRITERIA CHECK LIST FOR VALIDATION OF TOOL
Instruction
Kindly go through the items regarding accuracy, relevancy and appropriateness of
the content. There are two response columns in the checklist namely agree, and disagree.
Place a tick mark against the specific column. If you disagree, to any of the item, write
your remarks and suggestion in given column.
PART - I
DEMOGRAPHIC PERFORMA
S.No Agree Disagree Remarks And Suggestions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
66
PART -II
STRUCTURED KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONNAIRE REGARDING CORD
BLOOD STEM CELL THERAPHY AMOUNG ANTENATAL MOTHERS.
S.No Agree Disagree Remarks and suggestions

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
67
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
68
SCORE KEY FOR STRUCTURED KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONNAIRE
QUESTION NO ANSWER SCORE
1 a 1
2 b 1
3 a 1
4 c 1
5 a 1
6 a 1
7 a 1
8 a 1
9 a 1
10 a 1
11 d 1
12 b 1
13 b 1
14 b 1
15 a 1
16 c 1
17 c 1
18 b 1
19 d 1
20 c 1
21 c 1
22 b 1
23 c 1
24 b 1
25 d 1
26 a 1
27 a 1
69
28 c 1
29 c 1
30 d 1
31 c 1
32 b 1
33 d 1
34 d 1
35 a 1
36 a 1
37 a 1
38 a 1
39 a 1
40 d 1
SCORE: 40
70
PART - III
LIKERT ATTITUDE SCALE REGARDING CORD BLOOD STEM CELL
THERAPY AMONG ANTENATAL MOTHERS
S.No Question Strongly Agree Neither Disagree Strongly
agree agree nor Disagree
disagree
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 10
11 11
12 12
13 13
14 14
15 15
16 16
17 17
18 18
19 19
20 20
NOTE:
This is for positive statements. It will be reversible for negative statements.
71
APPENDIX V
INFORMED CONSENT FORM
I am Mrs. S.Gomathi doing my M.Sc Nursing II year student at Arvinth college of

Nursing, Namakkal, as a part of my research study on ―A study to assess the
effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude
regarding cord blood stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers in selected private
hospitals at Namakkal district”, is selected to be conducted. The findings of the study
will be helpful in gaining knowledge on prevention of coronary artery disease.
I hereby ask you consent and cooperation to participate in the study. The
information collected will be confidently and anonymity will be maintained.
(Signature of investigator)
I__________________________________, here by consent to participate and

undergo the study.
Place:
Date:
(Signature of the participant)
72
APPENDIX VI
CERTIFICATE FOR CONTENT VALIDITY
This is to certify that the tool developed by S.Gomathi, M.Sc Nursing II year
student at Arvinth college of Nursing for his study, ―A study to assess the effectiveness
of structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood
stem cell therapy among antenatal mothers in selected private hospitals at
Namakkal district”, is validated by the undersigned and he can proceed with this tool to
conduct the main study.
Seal:
Signature with Date
73
APPENDIX VII
CERTIFICATE OF ENGLISH EDITING
TO WHOM SO EVER MAY CONCERN
This is to certify the dissertation work ―A study to assess the effectiveness of

structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood
Namakkal district”, done by S.Gomathi, II year M.Sc Nursing student at Arvinth
college of Nursing, Namakkal, is edited for English language appropriateness.
Seal with Date:

Signature
74
APPENDIX VIII
CERTIFICATE OF TAMIL EDITING
TO WHOM SO EVER MAY CONCERN
This is to certify the dissertation work ―A study to assess the effectiveness of

structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding cord blood
Namakkal district”, done by S.Gomathi, II year M.Sc Nursing student at Arvinth
college of Nursing, Namakkal, is edited for tamil language appropriateness.
Seal with Date:

Signature
75
LESSON PLAN
ON
STEM CELL THERAPY
76
LESSON PLAN
Name of the topic : Stem Cell Therapy
Duration : 1hour
Group and Number : Antenatal mothers, 30
Place :Selected hospitals at Namakkal district
Method of teaching : Lecture cum discussion
Medium of Instruction : Tamil
Teaching Aid : Power point presentation
Health Educator : Student Teacher
77
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
The antenatal mother will be able to gain adequate knowledge and improve attitude about stem cell therapy and can improve the baby health.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
The antenatal mothers will be able to,
 Introduce the topic

 Define normal cell structure.
 Describe normal cell division.
 Define stem cells.
 State history of Stem Cell Therapy.
 List down types of stem cells.
 Describe the properties of stem cells.
 Enumerate diseases treated by umbilical cord blood.
 Explain procedure to collect stem cells.
78
S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER‟S Av.Aids EVALUATION
&
OBJECTIVE
LEARNER‟S
ACTIVITY
1. 6 mts Introduce the “Every baby deserves the right to start healthy life‖ Explaining powerpoint What is stem
topic topic with Presentation cell therapy?
The umbilical cord is one of the richest source of pure help of the
young stem cells in the human body.Stem cells are the powerpoint
very foundation of the human body.Every part of our Presentation
body including blood,bone,skin and muscles are formed
from master cells known as stem cells.Cord blood stem
cells are master cells of our body used in the treatment of
nearly 80 diseases,including wide range of cancers,genetic
diseases and blood transplant. When a transplant is
successful a healthy new immune system has been
treated.Umblical cord stem cells when preserve under
cryogenic conditions have no expiration date, thereby
providing life time benefit.
79
2 7 mts Define normal Cells the basic form of life.Every organ is composed of Explain about powerpoint What are the
Cell Structure cells As soon as the fertilization is completed, cells start to the normal Presentation normal cell
divide into millions of cells to form the shape of the cells with help membrane ?
organism. There are two major types of cells that are of AV.aids
present . They are stem cells and normal cells .
Normal cells are the cells that have been
differentiated to perform a special function in a localized
area in the body. Human body contains about 40 trillion
cells and almost all of them are normal cells. Stem cells
can make copies of itself and make more specialized
type of cell .
80
Questioning Power point What are the
and answering presentation different cells?
A cell consists of anucleus and cytoplasm and is

contained within the cell membrane , which regulates
81
What passes in and out.The nucleus contains Questioning Power point What are the
chromosomes,which are the cell‘s genetic material and a and answering presentation normal cell
nucleus which produces ribosomes. Ribosomes produce membrane ?
proteins, which are packaged by the golgi apparatusso that
they can leave the cell. The cytoplasm consists of a fluid
material and organelles,which could be considered the
cell‘s organs.The endoplasmic reticulum transports
materials within the cell.Mitochondria generate energy for
the cell‘s activities.Lysosomes contain enzymes that can
break down particles entering the cell.
82
3 3 mts Describe Normal cell devision Explain about Listening and What is normal
normal cell the normal asking doubts cell division?
Depending on the type of cell, there are two ways cells
division cell division
divide—mitosis and meiosis. Each of these methods of
with the help
cell division has special characteristics. One of the key
of Av .aids
differences in mitosis is a single cell divides into two cells
that are replicas of each other and have the same number
of chromosomes. This type of cell division is good for
basic growth of Somatic cells make up most of your
body's tissues and organs, including skin, muscles, lungs,
gut, and hair cells repair and maintenance. In meiosis a
cell divides into two cells that have half the number of
chromosomes. Reducing the number of chromosomes by
half is important for sexual reproduction and provides for
genetic diversity.
83
4 3 mts Define stem DEFINE STEM CELLS Explaining Power point What are all
cells Stem cells are the cells that can develop into other types the content presentation the different
of cells, especially during the embryonic period. They are with the help types of stem
actually undifferentiated typical cells. During the of Av.aid cells?
development of an animal, these cells will divide by
mitosis to produce differentiated cells such as white
blood cells, red blood cells, neurons, etc. Two categories
of stem cells can be found in our bodies. Stem cells found
inside the blastocyst during the embryonic period are
known as embryonic stem cells. stem cells are infused
into a patient‘s blood stream where they go to work
healing and reparing damaged cell and tissue. The other
type is called adult stem cells.The british law which
regulates the storage and use of embryos called human
embryo protection act.
84
5 7 mts State history of HISTORY OF STEM CELL THERAPY Questioning Power point What is the
stem cell and answering presentation history about
Stem cells have an interesting history that has
therapy stem cells?
been somewhat tainted with debate and controversy. In
the mid 1800s it was discovered that cells were basically
the building blocks of life and that some cells had the
ability to produce other cells. Attempts were made to
fertilise mammalian eggs outside of the human body and
in the early 1900s, it was discovered that some cells had
the ability to generate blood cells.
 1974 – First reports on the presence of stem

/progenitor cells in human cord blood.
 1983 – Dr.Hal Broxmeyer and Colleagues are the first

to propose the concept of using umbilical cord blood
as an alternative source of stem cells to bone marrow
for transplant.They created the first ―proof of
principle‖ for cord blood bank.
 1988-Dr.Eliane Gluckman of St.Louis hospital paris-
the first successful cord blood transplant in the world
85
is preferred in france on 5 year old boy ,(Matthew
Farrow)suffering from ―fanconi‘s‖ anemia (blood
disorder).cord blood collected from his sister birth and
stored by Dr.Hal Broxmeyer.
 1990 – World‘s first cord blood transplant for the

treatment of leukemia is performed by Dr.John
Wagner at the university of Minnesota.
 1993-World‘s first unrealated cord blood transplant is

performed by Dr.Kurtzberg at Duke university
medical center.
 2004- Illinois becomes first state to enact legislation

supportive of cord blood banking.
 2004 -05 – Researchers confirm that pluripotent stem

cells are present in cord blood.This indicating the
possible use of cord blood for the treatment of
diseases other than those of blood origin.
 2008-12,000 cord blood stem cell transplants have

been performed worldwide.Cord blood is being used
in the treatment of 80 life –threatening diseases.
86
6 7 mts List down types TYPES OF STEM CELLS Explaining Power point What are all
of stem cells Stem cells are the foundation for every organ and the content presentation the different
tissue in your body. There are many different types of with the help types of stem
stem cells that come from different places in the body or of Av.aid cells?
are formed at different times in our lives.
These include
 Embryonic stem cells
 Tissue-specific stem cells
 Mesenchymal stem cells
 Induced pluripotent stem cells
Embryonic stem cells

Embryonic stem cells are obtained from the inner
cell mass of the blastocyst, a mainly hollow ball of cells
that, in the human, forms three to five days after an egg
cell is fertilized by a sperm.
87
In normal development, the cells inside the inner cell
mass will give rise to the more specialized cells that give
rise to the entire body—all of our tissues and organs.
However, when scientists extract the inner cell mass and
grow these cells in special laboratory conditions, they
retain the properties of embryonic stem cells.
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they can
give rise to every cell type in the fully formed body, but
not the placenta and umbilical cord. In the year of 1998
human embryonic stem cells first successfully produced
and cultured. Invitro fertilization are the blastocyst used to
make human embryonic stem cells about 4-5
days.Embryonic stem cells for treating such immune
disorders as type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.
Tissue-specific stem cells

Tissue-specific stem cells (also referred to
88
as somatic or adult stem cells) are more specialized than
embryonic stem cells. Typically, these stem cells can
generate different cell types for the specific tissue or
organ in which they live.
For example, blood-forming (or hematopoietic) stem cells
in the bone marrow can give rise to red blood cells, white
blood cells and platelets.
Tissue-specific stem cells can be difficult to find in the

human body, and they don‘t seem to self-renew in culture
as easily as embryonic stem cells do.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
These are multipotent stem cells normally found in

the bone marrow and are derived from mesenchyme. They
differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts,
myocytes and tendon. MSCs can also be extracted from
blood, fallopian tube, fetal liver and lungs.
89
Induced pluripotent stem cells
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are cells that
have been engineered in the lab by converting tissue-
specific cells, such as skin cells, into cells that behave like
embryonic stem cells. IPS cells are critical tools to help
scientists learn more about normal development and
disease onset and progression, and they are also useful for
developing and testing new drugs and
therapies.Pluripotent stem cells are now defined as those
able to make all cells except extra embryonic tissues such
as placenta.
90
7. 6 mts Describe the PROPERTIES OF STEM CELLS Explaining Power point What are the
properties of the content presentation Properties of
stem cells with the help stem cells?
of Av.aid
Stem cells differ from other kinds of cells in the body. All
stem cells—regardless of their source—have three general
properties:
 they are capable of dividing and renewing
91
themselves for longer periods
 they are unspecialized
 they can give rise to specialized cell types.
small volume of liquid corresponds to 470 million Total
Nucleated Cells (TNC) or 1.8 million cells that test
positive for the stem cell marker CD34. Thus, most
healthy full-term babies have over a million blood-
forming stem cells in their umbilical cord blood.
11 mts Enumerate
8. DISEASES TREATED BY UMBILICAL CORD Explaining Power point How to treat
diseases treated
BLOOD STEM CELLS the content presentation disease by
by umbilical
Since 1989, umbilical cord blood has been used with the help umbilical cord
cord blood. successfully to treat children with leukaemia, anaemias of Av.aid blood?
and other blood diseases. Researchers are now looking at
ways of increasing the number of haematopoietic stem
cells that can be obtained from cord blood, so that they
can be used to treat adults routinely too.Leukaemia
patients must receiving stem cells transplants from closely
related doners such as sibilings.
92
Leukemias, Lymphomas and other Blood Cancers
Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
Acute Undifferentiated Leukemia
Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Hodgkin‘s Lymphoma
Juvenile Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (JCML)
Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)
Multiple Myeloma
Myeloid/Natural Killer Cell Precursor Leukemia
Non-Hodgkin‘s Lymphoma
Prolymphocytic Leukemia
Plasma Cell Leukemia
Waldenstrom‘s Macroglobulinemia and so.
93
PROCEDURE TO COLLECT STEM CELLS Explaining Power point How much
9. 10 mts Explain
the content presentation blood collected
Procedure to  Umbilical cord blood bank collection centers
with the help from the baby?
collect stem cell are in various places of India , like Chennai
of Av.aid
,Mumbai, Newdelhi, Pune, Kolkata,
Hyderabad ,Bangalore, Ahmedabad and
various other cities .
Current Cost of Cord blood stem cell
Therapy
ANNUAL 21 YRS LIFE TIME

STORAGE
processing
10,000 10,000 10,000
fee
storage 3,500/ 25,000 40,000 (single

fee
monthly (single payment
payment)
94
Power point How to collect
presentation the stem cells?
 The science of cryobiology tells us that cells
which are cryogenically preserved remain
viable for decades. It has been confirmed
that cord blood stem cells were still viable
after being frozen 23+ years.
 The median size of cord blood collections in
family banks is 60mL or 2 ounces.
 The hospital should intimate to the service
centre regarding placental stem cells
collection between 1-6 months of pregnancy.
 The antenatal mother decides at the last
moment to order a collection of cord blood
stem cells at short notice.
 Getting consent from the donor.
 Explaining the procedure to the mother.
 The mother may have a vaginal birth or a
95
cesarean section,the process of collecting
new born baby‘s stem cell is safe,painless,
and non - disruptive to mother and baby.
 After baby is born, baby‘s umbilical cord is
clamped and cut.
 A specialized blood bag is then bar-coded
for collection of cord blood .
 For the collection step the needle of the
blood bag is inserted into the umbilical vein
and the bag is held at a lower level in order
to allow the blood to drain into the bag .
 Stem cells are then harvested from the cord
blood and stored in cryo-vials at 1960 c in
liquid nitrogen .
 The blood volume of term baby is about
70ml/kg while the placenta contains 45ml of
blood per kg of fetal weight .
 Then it is transferred to the
96
approved,heparin-free collection bags which
are sterile.
 To collect cord tissue the umbilical cord is
cleaned, a small segment is placed into the
provided collection jar,and it is sent back to
lab with the cord blood bag. As soon as kit
arrives to the delivery room with in 10
minutes they are collecting blood.
 Umbilical cord blood is collected after
delivery of the baby from the residual blood
in placental cord unit.
 Once collection is done,obstetrician or
midwife will seal the bag,attach the pre-
printed lables with mother and baby‘s
complete detailed information,and place it
in the cordlife collection kit.
 By comparison, most public cord blood
banks will only keep collections that are
97
much bigger than average, and throw out the
donations that are below a threshold of a
billion TNC, corresponding to a blood
volume of about 90-100 mL or 3 ounces.
 The standard procedure for transporting
fresh cord blood is to keep it within an
ambient temperature range of 15 °C (59
°F) to 25 °C (77 °F).
 Public cord blood banks set a limit of 48
hours on the time between birth and
processing the blood for cryogenic storage.
 In the cryopreservation process, the stem
cells collected from umbilical cord blood
samples,are frozen to sub zero
temperatures(Preserved safely under-1960 c).
 Umblical cord stem cells preserved under
cryogenic conditions have no expiration date
98
there by providing life time benefit.
 The parents, until the child become major
remains as legal authority for placental stem
cells utilization.
 Proper maintenance of records.
 Confidentiality will be maintained.
99
SUMMARY
So far we had seen about what is cell, stem cell and their types, sources of stem cell, how to store stem cell, stem cells banking, what are
all the advantages and disadvantages, side effects and nurses role in stem cell therapy.
CONCLUSION
From this lesson plan I learnt about stem cell therapy in detail and about stem cell banking. I hope this is very useful for me and my
carrier. In current and future perspective of the stem cells research report, the stem cells have many significant advantages .
SUMMATIVE EVALUATION
1. What is stem cell therapy?

2. What are all the types of stem cells?
3. How to store the stem cell therapy
100
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êXlùTôÚsLû[ ùNpÛÏs ùLôiÓ ùNp¡u\].
ûUhúPôLôi¥¬Vô RûXØû\ ùNpLû[ CVdL
FdÏ®d¡u\]. ûXúNôúNômLs ùNp ÖûZÙm
ÕLsLû[ EûPdL Ø¥VôR GuûNmLû[
ùLôi¥Úd¡u\]. ÕûQLÚU¦ ùNp©¬®p
TeúLt¡u\].
107
3 3 NôRôWQ NôRôWQ ùNpL°u YûLTôÓ : ®[dÏRp LY²jRp ªu LhP NôRôWQ
¨ªPe ùNp ®[dL ùNpLs
Ls ùNpLs CWiÓ YûLL[ôL ©¬dLlTÓ¡u\].
பிரிதல் Lôh£ Gu\ôp
AûY CûZÙÚl©¬Ü Utßm JÓdLt©¬Ü. CkR Gu]?
பற்றி
YûLVô] ùNpLs JqùYôußm £\l× Ti×Lû[
®Y¬
ùLôiÓs[]. CûZÙÚl©¬®u Ød¡V úYßTôÓ
ÙeLs.
Jtû\ ÏÚjRÔdLû[ ùLôiÓs[].
CÕ CWiPôL ©¬ÙmùTôÝÕ JjR

ÏúWôúUôúNômLû[ ùLôi¥«Úd¡u\]. CkR
YûLVô] ùNpLs EP-u A¥lTûP Y[of£Vô]
§Ñ, EPpEßl×Ls, úRôp RûN, ÖûWÂWp, ÏPp
Utßm Ø¥ CûYLLs Tô§dLlThPôp ùNpLs
TôÕLôdL ERÜ¡u\]. JÓdLt©¬Ü ùNpLs
CWiPôL ©¬YûPÙmùTôÝÕ ÏúWôúUôúNômL°u
Gi¦dûL Tô§VôL Ïû\¡u\]. úUÛm Tô-Vp
C]lùTÚdLm Utßm ÏÚjRÔdLs úYßThÓ
LôQlTÓ¡u\].
108
4 3 ÏÚjRÔ ®[dÏRp LY²jRp ªuLhP ÏÚjRÔ
ÏÚjRÔ YûWVû\ :
¨ªPe YûWVû\ ®[dL L°u
Ls ÏÚjRÔdLs Ï±lTôL LÚLôXj§p, Ut\ Lôh£ úYßThP
YûLLs
YûLVô] ùNpL°-ÚkÕ EÚYô¡u\].
Gu]?
EiûU«p YZdLUô] ùNpL°-ÚkÕ úYßTôPtß
LôQlTÓ¡u\]. ®XeÏ EÚYôôdLj§uúTôÕ
CûZÙßl©¬®p ùNpLs CWjR ùYsû[ AÔdLs,
CWjR £YlTÔdLs Utßm ¨ëWôuLs úTôuß
úYßThP ùNpLLû[ EtTj§ ùNp¡u\]. SUÕ
EPp CWiÓ YûLVô] ÏÚjRÔdLû[
ùLôiÓs[Õ. LÚ LôXj§p ©\l©tÏ ØkûRV
LÚ®u Y[of£«p LôQlTÓm ÏÚjRÔdLs LÚ
ÏÚjRÔdLs Guß AûZdLlTÓ¡u\].
Utù\ôuß Ø§of£VûPkR ÏÚjRÔdLs Guß
AûZdLlTÓ¡u\].
109
5 7 ÏÚjRÔ ÏÚjRÔ £¡fûN Øû\ Tt±V YWXôß : ®[dÏRp LY²jRp ªu LhP ÏÚjRÔ
¨ªPe £¡fûN ÏÚjRÔdLs Tt±V YWXôß ªL ÑYôWvVUô] ®[dL L°u
Ls «u Lôh£ YWXôß
KW[Ü ®YôRRm Utßm NofûNdÏ¬V LÚjÕ
YWXôß úYßTôÓLÞPu LôQlTÓ¡\Õ. 1800 L°p ùNpLs Gu\ôp
YôrdûL«u A¥lTûPûV ùLôi¥ÚkRÕ Guß Gu]?
LiÓ©¥dLlThPÕ Utßm £X ùNpLs Ut\
ùNpL°u EtTj§ §\²p CÚkRÕ Gußm U²R
EP-u ùY°úV Tôíh¥ ØhûPLs Y[UôdÏ
ØVt£Ls úUtùLôs[lThP]. 1900L°p £X
ùNpLs CWjR AÔdLû[ EÚYôdÏm §\u
ùLôiPRôL CÚdÏm Guß LiP±lThPÕ.
1974-p ØRu ØR-p U²R ùRôl×sùLô¥ CWjR
ÏÚjRÔdLs LiÓ©¥dLThPÕ.
1983-p PôdPo aôp ©WôdvªVo Utßm
ùLôúX´Vv ØRu ØR-p NL GÛm× Uwû_«p
Es[ ÏÚjRÔdLs JÚ Uôtß BRôWUôL
ùRôl×sùLô¥ CWjRjûR TVuTÓj§]o. CYoLs
ùRôl×sùLô¥ WjR Ye¡ BRôW ùLôsûLûV
EÚYôd¡]o.
110
1988-p PôdPo.G¯ú] ÏÚdúUu ùN«ihP
í«v UÚjÕYUû]«p EX¡u ØRu ØR-p
NLGÛm× Uwû_«p Es[ ÏÚjRÔdLs JÚUôtß
BRôWUôL ùRôl×sùLô¥ CWjRjûR Tn]TÓj§]o.
CYoLs ùRôl×sùLô¥ WjR Ye¡
BRôWùLôsûLûV EÚYôd¡]o.
1988-p PôdPo. G¯ú] ÏÛdúUu ùN«ihP
í«v UÚjÕYUû]«p EX¡u ØRu ØRXp
ùYt±LWUô] ùRôl×sùLô¥ CWjR Uôtß £¡fûN
Øû\ûV 5 YVÕ £ßYàdÏ (UjúRÙTôúWô)
ùNnVlThPÕ. CYu CWjRúNôûL (CWjRúLô[ôß)
úSôVôp AY§Ùtß CÚkRôu. AYàûPV
ReûL«u ùRôl×sùLô¥ CWjRjûR PôdPo.aôp
©WôdvªVo êXm úNL¬dLlThÓ
ÏQlTÓjRlThPÕ.
1990-p CWjR ×tßúSôn (ùYsû[ AàdLs)
£¡fûNûV EX¡u ØRu ØR-p ùRôl×sùLô¥
CWjR Uôtß Øû\ûV ª]úNôhPô
TpLûXdLZLj§p PôdPo._ôuYôd]o
ùNVpTÓj§]ôo.
111
1993-p EX¡u ØRu ØR-p ùRôl×sùLô¥
ApXôR CWjR Uôtß Øû\ûV ¥ëd TpLûXdLZL
UÚjÕYûUVj§p PôdPo.TohvTod GuTYo
ùNVpTÓj§]ôo.
2004-p Cp-]ônv ùRôl×sùLô¥ WjR Ye¡
BRWYôL NhPjûR CVt±V§p ØRp Uô¨Xm BÏm.
2004 - 2005p BWônf£Vô[oLs TX§\u
ÏÚjRÔdL°u ùRôl×sùLô¥ CWjRj§p
CÚlTRôL LiP±VlThÓs[Õ. CRuêXm CWjR
NôokR úSônLû[ ÏQlTÓjR Ø¥Ùm Guß
Eß§ùNnR]o.
2008-p EXL A[®p 12,000 úToLÞdÏ
ÏÚjRÔdLs Uôt\lThÓs[Õ. CR]ôp CWjR
NôokR úSônLs ÏQlTÓjRlThÓ YÚ¡u\].
112
6 7 ÏÚjRÔ ÏÚjRÔdL°u YûLLs : ®[dÏRp LY²jRp ªu LhP ÏÚjRÔ
¨ªPe YûLLû[ ®[dL L°u
Ls Th¥V-ÓL ÏÚjRÔdLs EP-p Es[ JqùYôÚ Eßl× Lôh£ YûLLs
GjRû]?
Utßm §ÑdL°Ûm Es[]. EP-u TpúYß
CPeL°p CÚkÕm ApXÕ Sm Yôr®p ùYqúYß
úSWeL°Ûm ÏÚjRÔdLs EÚYô¡u\].
ÏÚjRÔdL°u TpúYß YûLLs :
 LÚ ÏÚjRÔdLs
 §Ñ Ï±l©hP ÏÚjRÔdLs
 CûPÖûZj§Ñ ÏÚjRÔdLs
 TX§\uLû[ çi¥V ÏÚjRÔdLs.
113
LÚ ÏÚjRÔdLs :
LÚ ÏÚjRÔdLs ©[ôvvúPô£v¥Ûs[ JÚ
Ød¡VUô] ùYtßTkÕ, U²R EP-p Es[ JÚ
ØhûP ùNp JÚ ®kÕ êXm LÚÜtß 3 ØRp 5
SôhLÞdÏ ©\Ï EÚYô] EsùNp§\u ùT\lTÓm.
CVpXTô] Y[of£N«p EsùNp§Ws Esú[
SmØûPV GpXô §ÑdLs Utßm Eßl×Ls ùTÚdLm
AûP¡u\]. G²àm ®gOô²Ls EsùNp§Ws
©¬jùRÓdL Utßm £\l× BnYL ¨TkRû]L°p
CkR ùNpLs Y[ÚmúTôÕ LÚ ÏÚjRÔdL°u
Ti×Lû[ RdLûYjÕ ùLôsÞm. LÚ
ÏÚjRÔdL°u TX§\uLs ØÝûUVôL
EÚYôdLlThÓ EP-p Es[ JqùYôÚ ùNp-u
YûLLs ùTÚdLm AûP¡u\]. B]ôp
SgÑdùLô¥ Utßm ùRôl×sùLô¥ ùTÚdLm
AûPY§pûX.
114
Ï±l©hP §ÑdL°u ÏÚjRÔdLs :
Ï±l©hP §ÑdL°u ÏÚjRÔdLs (úUÛm
EPÛdÏ¬V ApXÕ YVÕ ÏÚjRÔdLs) LÚ
ÏÚjRÔdLû[ ®P £\lTô]Õ. ùTôÕYôL CkR
ÏÚjRÔ Ï±l©hP §Ñ ApXÕ Eßl×dÏs
ùYqúYß ùNp YûLLû[ EÚYôdL Ø¥Ùm.
ERôWQUôL GÛm× Uwû_«-ÚkÕ EÚYôÏm
UWTÔdL°u êXm £YlTÔdLs,
ùYsû[VÔdLs Utßm CWjR RhÓL°u EVoÜ
CYtû\ EÚYôdL Ø¥Ùm.
U²R EP-p §Ñ®u Ï±l©hP ÏÚjRÔdLû[
LiÓ©¥lTÕ ªL L¥]Uô]Õ.
CûPÖûZj §Ñ ÏÚjRÔdLs :
TX ÏÚjRÔdLs ùTôÕYôL GÛm×
Uwû_«-ÚkÕ EÚYôdLlTÓ¡u\]. CûYLs
ùLôÝl× RuûUÙûPV §Ñ, GÛmTôd¡ Utßm
RûNSôoLs G] úYßTÓjRlTÓ¡u\].
CûPÖûZj§Ñ ÏÚjRÔ CWjRm, LÚØhûP ÏZôn,
LÚ LpÄWp Utßm ÖûWÂWp G] ©¬jùRÓdL
Ø¥Ùm.
115
TX§\uLû[ çiPlThP ÏÚjRÔdLs :
TX§\uLû[ çiPlThP ÏÚjRÔdLs LÚ
ÏÚjRÔdLû[ úTôp E«WÔdL°u úRôpùNpLs,
Ï±l©hP §Ñ ùNpLs, Uôt±VRu êXUôL
BnYLj§p ERÜ¡u\]. CkR YûLVô]
ùNpL°u êXm ®gOô²Ls NôRôWQ Y[of£
Utßm úSôn ùRôPe¡V LôXm ØRp ARu
Øuú]t\jûR Tt± úUÛm A±V Ød¡V
LÚ®L[ôL Es[]. ×§V UÚkÕLs Utßm
£¡fûNdLô] úNôRû] TVàs[RôL CÚdÏm
Gußm A±¡u\].
116
7 6 ¨ª ÏÚjRÔ ÏÚjRÔ®u Ti×Ls : ®[dÏRp LY²jRp ªu LhP ÏÚjRÔ
PeLs வின் ®[dL ®u
Lôh£ Ti×Ls
பண்பு ள்
Gu]?
ÏÚjRÔdLs EP-p Ut\ YûLVô]

ùNpLL°-ÚkÕ úYßTÓ¡u\]. Aû]jÕ
ÏÚjRÔdLÞm ùTôÕYô] êuß Ti×Lû[
ùLôiÓ Es[Õ.
 ÏÚjRÔdLs ¿iP LôXj§tÏ ReLû[
©[Ü Utßm ×Õl©dÏm §\u ùLôiPûY.
 ÏÚjRÔdLs GkR®RUô] £\l×
Ti×Lû[Ùm ùLôiPÕ ApX.
 ÏÚjRÔdLs A§LlT¥Vô] £\l×
ùNpL°u YûLLû[ ùLôÓdL Ø¥Ùm.
117
8 11 ùRôl×s ùRôl×s ùLô¥ CWjR ÏÚjRÔdLs TX ®[dÏRp LY²jRp ªu LhP GlT¥
¨ªPe ùLô¥ ®[dL ùRôl×s
®RúSônLû[ ÏQlTÓjÕ¡u\].
Ls CWjRj§u Lôh£ ùLô¥
1989Bm BiÓ ØRu ØR-p ùRôl×sùLô¥
êXm CWjRj§u
£¡fûN CWjRm. CWjR úNôûL CWjR ×tßúSôn Utßm ©\ êXm
úSônLû[ úSônLs
CWjR úSônLs ÏZkûRLÞdÏ ùYt±LWUôL
LQd ÏQl
¡ÓRp £¡fûN A°dLlThÓ YÚ¡\Õ. ClùTôÝÕ
TÓjRl
BWônf£Vô[oLs ùT¬VYoLÞdÏ áP CkR TÓ¡u\]?
YûLVô] £¡fûN Øû\ûV TVuTÓjR Ø¥Ùm
Gußm áß¡\ôoLs.
CWjR ùYsû[VÔdLs ×tßúSôn ¨Q¿o
Sô[l×tßúSôn Utßm ©\ CWjR ×tßúSônLs
 BWmT ¨ûX«p Es[ ûT@©ú]ôûP©d
CWjR ×tßúSôn
 BWmT ¨ûX«p Es[ ¨Q¿o ×tßúSôn
 BWmT¨ûX«p Es[ ûUúXô´²v CWjR

×tßúSôn.
118
 BWmT ¨ûX«p Es[ úYßTÓj§LôhP
Ø¥VôL CWjR ×tßúSôn.
 Ø§of£VûPkRYoL°u ¥ ùNp CWjR
×tßúSôn.
 Øt±V ¨ûX«p Es[ -múTôûNû¥d
×tßúSôn.
 Øt±V ¨ûX«p Es[ ûUúXô´²v
×tßúSôn.
 ¨Q¿o ×tßúSôn
 C[mYV§p Øt±V ¨ûX«p Es[ CWjR
×tßúSôn.
 TXYûLVô] GÛm× ×tßúSôn
 ¨Q¿o YûLûV NôWôR ×tßúSôn
 ÏÚ§¿o ùNp CWjR ×tßúSôn
 CWjRl ùTÚm ×WRU¦ ªûLf úNôûL.
119
9 10 ÏÚjRÔ  ùRôl×sùLô¥ úNL¬l× ®[dÏRp LY²jRp ªu LhP
CWjRYe¡ GqY[Ü
¨ªPe Lû[ ®[dL CWjRm
ûUVeLs Ck§Vô®p TpúYß
Ls úNL¬dÏm Lôh£ ÏZkûR
CPeL[ô] ùNuû], ØmûT, ×ÕùPp-,
SûPØû\ L°Pm
Lû[ ×ú], ùLôpLjRô, ûaRWôTôj, ùTeLðo, CÚkÕ
®[dÏRp ALURôTôj Utßm TX SLWeL°Ûm GÓdLlTÓ
Es[]. ¡u\]?
வருடாந் 21 ஆயுட் ாலம்

வருடம்
திர
கெமிப்பு
ஜெய்மு
10,000 10,000 10,000
னறக்
ட்டணம்
பதிவுக்
3,500/ 25,000 40,000 (ஒகர
ட்டணம்
மாதம் (ஒகர தவனண )
தவனண )
120
 A±®V-u êXm ªL Ïû\kR GkR
YûLVô]
ùYlT¨ûX«p TôÕLôdLlThÓ TX
ùYlT¨ûX
NLôlReL[ôLÜm Nôj§VUô]RôLÜm,
«p ÏÚj
CÚdÏm. CkR ùRôl×sùLô¥ RÔdLs
ÏÚjRÔdLs 23 BiÓLÞdÏ ©\Ï TôÕLôdLl
Cuàm Nôj§VUô]Õ Guß Eß§ TÓ¡u\].
ùNnVlTÓ¡\Õ.
 Ye¡L°p úNL¬dLlTÓm ùRôl×sùLô¥

CWjRj§u NWôN¬ A[Ü 60ª- ApXÕ 2
AÜuv.
 UÚjÕYUû]«p 1 - 6 UôR
CûPùY°«p SgÑdùLô¥ ÏÚjRÔdLs
úNL¬l× ùRôPoTôL úNûY ûUUVeL°p
ùR¬®dL úYiÓm.
 LolTLôX RônUôoLs Ïß¡V LôX

AYLôNj§p ùRôl×sùLô¥
ÏÚjRÔdLs úNL¬l× Tt± LûP£
121
úSWj§XôYÕ A±®dL úYiÓm. ÏÚjRÔd
Ls GlT¥
 ùLôûP A°lTYoL°PªÚkÕ Jl×Rp
GÓdLl
ùTßRp.
TÓ¡\Õ?
úSôVô°«Pm ùNVpØû\ûV Tt± ®[dÏL.
 RônUôoL°u ÑLlT©WNYm ApXÕ AßûY

£¡fûN ©WNYj§u êXm ©\dLlTÓm
ÏZkûRL°-ÚkÕ ùT\lTÓm
ÏÚjRÔdLs ªLÜm TôÕLôlTôLÜm,
Y-Vt\ Øû\«Ûm úNL¬dLlTÓ¡u\].
 ÏZkûR ©\kRÜPu ùRôl×sùLô¥ ùYhPl

TÓ¡\Õ.
 JÚ £\l× CWjR ûT«p ùRôl×sùLô¥

CWjRm úNL¬dLlThÓ Ï±«PlTÓ¡\Õ.
 ùRôl×s SWm©p F£ ùNÛj§ CWjRm

GÓdLlThÓ CWjRlûT«p
úNL¬dLlTÓ¡\Õ.
122
 ÏÚjRÔdLs GÓdLlThÓ §WY
ûShW_²p 196.C Ïl©«p úNªdLlTÓ¡\Õ.
 CWjRj§u A[Ü 70 ª- ¤ GûP

SgÑdùLô¥, CWjRj§u A[Ü 45 ª- ¤
ÏZkûR«u GûP.
 UÚjÕY¬u ER®ÙPu RiÓ§Ñ

ùRôl×sùLô¥ ÑjRm ùNnÕ ûalTô¬]
ûTL°u êXm úNL¬dLlTÓ¡\Õ.
 RiÓ§Ñ ùRôl×sùLô¥ ÑjRm ùNnÕ

úNL¬dLlThÓ JÚ £±V ÏÓûY«p
ûYdLlThÓ BnYLj§tÏ AàlTlTÓ¡\Õ.
CÕ 10 ¨ªPj§tÏs BnYLj§p
JlTûPdLlTÓ¡\Õ.
 ÏZkûR ©WNYj§tÏ ©\Ï ùRôl×sùLô¥
CWjRm SgÑdùLô¥«p Gg£Ùs[ CWjRm
úNL¬dLlTÓ¡u\].
 _ô¥«p úNL¬dLlThP ÏÚjRÔLdL°u
123
ùY°l×\j§p Rôn Utßm ÏZkûR«u
ØÝûUVô] RLYpLs APe¡V Øu
Af£PlThP ®[dL ºhÓ
CûQdLlTÓ¡\Õ.
 CûYLs NWôN¬ A[ûY ®P ªL ùT¬V

90-100ª- ApXÕ 3 AÜuv CWjR A[Ü
ùRôPo×ûPVÕ.
 ùRôl×sùLô¥ CWjRm ©\kR 48 U¦

úSWj§p GÓdLlThÓ Ye¡L°p
úNL¬dLlThÓ YÚ¡u\].
 ¡ûWúVô TôÕLôl× ùNVpØû\«p

ÏÚjRÔdLs ùRôl×sùLô¥ CWjRj§p
CÚkÕ GÓdLlThÓ éw´Vm ùYlT¨ûX«p
(196.c) Tj§WUôL TôÕLôdLlTÓ¡\Õ.
 ùRôl×sùLô¥ ÏÚjRÔdLÞdÏ GkR ®R

LôXôY§ úR§Ùm CpûX. YôrSôs
ØÝYÕm CûY TXu A°d¡\Õ.
124
 ùTtú\ôoLs, ÏZkûRLs YVÕ YWmûT
GhÓm ùTôÝÕ ÏÚjRÔdLû[
TVuTÓjÕYRtÏ NhPéoYUô]
A§LôWjûR ùTß¡u\].
 N¬Vô] Øû\«p T§ÜLû[ TWôU¬jRp.
 CWL£VUô] Øû\«p TôÕLôd¡u\].
Ø¥ÜûW : CÕYûW Sôm ùNpLs Gu\ôp Gu], ùNpL°u YûLLs, ÏÚjRÔ GlT¥ úNªdLlTÓ¡u\]. ÏÚjRÔ
Ye¡Ls, ÏÚjRÔ®u SuûULs Utßm Ïû\TôÓLs TdL ®û[ÜLs Utßm ùN®-V¬u TeÏ Gu] GuTûR Tt±
Tôoj§Úd¡ú\ôm.
¾oUô]m : CkR TôP§hPj§-ÚkÕ Sôu ÏÚjRÔ £¡fûNûV Tt± ®¬YôLÜm úUÛm ÏÚjRÔ Ye¡ûV Tt±Ùm
LtßùLôiúPôm. CÕ GuàûPV YôrdûL Øuú]t\j§tÏ ªLÜm TVàs[RôL CÚdÏm Guß Sm×¡ú\u. ÏÚjRÔ
£¡fûN«u BnÜ A±dûL, RtúTôûRV Utßm G§oLôX Øuú]t\j§tÏ TX Ï±l©PjRdL SuûULû[
ùLôiÓ«Úd¡u\].
125
APPENDIX XI
PART 1 : DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES
Structured Questionnaire Regarding Demographic Data From Antenatal

Mother.
Instruction:
Place a tick mark in the corresponding space given for 7 questions below.
1. Age of the mother

a. 21-25 [ ]
b.26-30 [ ]
c.31-35 [ ]
d.36-40 [ ]
2.Religion
a. Hindu [ ]
b.Muslim [ ]
c.Christian [ ]
d.others [ ]
3.Gravida of the mother

a. gravida one [ ]
b.gravida two [ ]
c.Multigravida [ ]
4.Education
a.Secondary School Education [ ]
b.Higher Secondary Education [ ]
c.Graduate [ ]
126
5. Occupation
a.Home maker [ ]
b.Government Employee [ ]
c. Private Employee [ ]
d. Self –employee/Bussiness [ ]
6. Type of family
a. Nuclear family [ ]
b. Joint family [ ]
7. Previous knowledge source of stem cell therapy

a. Mass media [ ]
b.Health workers [ ]
c.Peer group [ ]
d.None [ ]
127
PART 2 : STRUCTURED KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONNAIRE REGARDING
CORD BLOOD STEM CELL THERAPHY AMOUNG ANTENATAL
MOTHERS.
Instruction:
The tool consist of 40 questions and each question consists of multiple options and
one is the appropriate answer. Place a tick mark in the corresponding space given
below:
1. The basic form of life is ?

a. Cell [ ]
b. Mitochondria [ ]
c. Plasma [ ]
d. DNA [ ]
2. What are the two major types of cells ?

a. Muscle cells & secretary cells [ ]
b. Stem cells & normal cells [ ]
c. Bone cells & cartilage cells [ ]
d. Nerve cells & epithelial cells [ ]
3. What is a stem cell?

a.A cell that can make copies of itself and make more specialized types of cell
[ ]
b.A cell have the capacity to develop into particular type of cell [ ]
c.A cell wont have capable to renew new cell [ ]
d. A cell have capable to renew all type of cell in the body at the time [ ]
4. What are all the types of normal cell division?
a. DNA replication [ ]
b. Zygote formation [ ]
c. Mitosis and Meiosis [ ]
d. No division [ ]
128
5. One of the key differences in mitosis is ?
a. A single cell divides into two cells [ ]

b. A single cell divides into four cells [ ]
c. A single cell divides into six cells [ ]
d, A single cell divides into eight cells [ ]
6. What is meiosis?
a. Cell divides into two cells that have a half the number of chromosomes [ ]
b. Cell divides into four cells that have a half the number of chromosomes [ ]
c. Cell divides into six cells that have a half the number of chromosomes [ ]
d. Cell divides into eight cells that have a half the number of chromosomes [ ]
7. Cord blood cells are formed by?
a. Embryonic stem cells [ ]
b.Tissue-specific stem cells [ ]
c.Mesenchymal stem cells [ ]
d.Induced pluripotent stem cells [ ]
8. How cord blood transplant performed?
a. Infused through the patient blood stream [ ]

b. Infused through the Iv fluids [ ]
c. Infused through the blood transfusion [ ]
d. Infused through the born marrow [ ]
129
9. What is the British law which regulates the storage and use of embryos called?
a. Human Embryo Protection Act [ ]

b. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act [ ]
c. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Law [ ]
d. Embryo Protection Act [ ]
10. when the cord blood transplant was first performed ?
a. 1990 [ ]
b. 1991 [ ]
c. 1992 [ ]
d. 1993 [ ]
11 . How many diseases can be treated by cord blood stem cells ?

a.approx 50 life –threatening diseases [ ]
b. approx 60 life –threatening diseases [ ]
c. approx 70 life –threatening diseases [ ]
d. approx 80 life –threatening diseases [ ]
12. Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into which types of cell?
a.Only brain stem cells and specialized brain cells [ ]
b.All types of specialized cells in the body [ ]
c.Only cells that can produce insulin [ ]
d.Only cells that can produce artificial skin [ ]
13. Embryonic stem cells for treating such immune disorders as ?
a. Elephantiasis and whooping cough [ ]

b. Type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis [ ]
c. Addison‘s disease and vaginitis [ ]
d. Chicken pox and small pox [ ]
130
14. Which type of stem cell can be difficult to find in the human body ?
a. Embryonic stem cell [ ]

b. Tissue-specific stem cell [ ]
c. Mesenchymal stem cell [ ]
d. Induced pluripotent stem cell [ ]
15 .Where the mesenchymal stem cell found?
a. Bone marrow [ ]
b. Liver [ ]
c. Brain [ ]
d. Tissue [ ]
16. Induced pluripotent stem cells have the same developmental potential as?
a. Hematopoietic stem cells [ ]
b.Neuronal stem cells [ ]
c.Embryonic stem cells [ ]
d.Dental pulp stem cell [ ]
17. What is the most accurate statement about human pluripotent cells?
a. Can make all know types of human cells [ ]

b. Only embryonic stem cells fit [ ]
c. Can make all types of human cells except extra embryonic tissues [ ]
d. Can differentiate and self-renew [ ]
18. Stem cells are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for ?
a. Lesser periods [ ]
b.Longer periods [ ]
c.With in a minute [ ]
d.No periods [ ]
131
19. What is the amount of blood forming stem cells in the healthy full- term
babies ?
a. Over a 1000 stem cells [ ]

b. Over a 10000 stem cells [ ]
c Over a 100000 stem cells [ ]
d. Over a 1000000 stem cells [ ]
20.Umbilical cord blood has been used successfully to treat children with ?
a. Typhoid and tuberculosis [ ]

b. poliomyelitis and diphtheria [ ]
c.Leukemia and anemia [ ]
d.Diarrhoea and dysentery [ ]
21.Haematopoietic stem cells that can be obtained from ?
a.White blood [ ]
b.Red blood [ ]
c. Cord blood [ ]
d. placenta [ ]
22.Which type of patients must receiving stem cell transplants from donors ?
a. Diarrhea [ ]
b. Leukemia [ ]
c. Poliomyelitis [ ]
d. kala azar [ ]
132
23. Cord blood stem cells can be matched for which type of recipients ?
a. friends [ ]
b. neighbors [ ]
c. siblings [ ]
d. Others [ ]
24. Where is the umbilical cord blood bank collection centers are available in
tamilnadu ?
a.Coimbatore [ ]
b.Chennai [ ]
c.Madurai [ ]
d.Salem [ ]
25.What is the fixed & transparent amount for processing fee ?
a.Rs. 32000/- [ ]
b.Rs. 27000/- [ ]
c.Rs. 50000/- [ ]
d.Rs. 35000/- [ ]
26. How long the cord blood stem cells are viable?
a.after being frozen 23 + years [ ]
b.after being frozen 20 + yrs [ ]
c.after being frozen 15 + yrs [ ]
d.after being frozen 30 + yrs [ ]
133
27. Who will intimate to the service centers regarding placental stem cell collection?
a. Hospital [ ]
b. Friends & relatives [ ]
c. Donor [ ]
d. Public [ ]
28.when will the hospital should intimate to the donors regarding cord blood
collection ?
a.Upto 1st trimester [ ]
b. Upto 2nd trimester [ ]
c. Prior admission to the labour room [ ]
d.At the time of delivery [ ]
29. Who can give the consent for cord blood collection?
a. Husband [ ]
b. Parents [ ]
c. Donors [ ]
d. Relatives [ ]
30. In which type of delivery cord blood collection can be performed ?
a. Caesarean section [ ]
b. Vaginal birth [ ]
c. Normal Veginal births with instruments [ ]
d. Caesarean section/veginal birth [ ]
31. When you will collect umbilical cord blood stem cells ?.
a. 30 mts before delivery [ ]
b. 30 mts after delivery [ ]
c. within 10 mts after delivery of the baby [ ]
d. within 10 mts after delivery of the placenta [ ]
134
32. Umbilical cord blood is collected from ?
a. Placenta [ ]
b. Placental cord unit [ ]
c. Umbilical artery [ ]
d. Blood which is comes through the cervix [ ]
33. What is the role for the obstetrician or midwife to safe guard the collection kit?
a. Basic details of the mother [ ]

b. Basic details of the baby [ ]
c. Basic details of the hospital [ ]
d. Full details of the mother & baby [ ]
34. How much amount of blood should be collected from baby‘s umbilical cord?
a. 60 ml [ ]
b. 70 ml [ ]
c. 80 ml [ ]
d. 90ml [ ]
35. What is the temperature to store stem cells during transportation ?
a. 15 °C to 25 °C [ ]
b. 20°C to 30°C [ ]
c. 30 °C to 40°C [ ]
d. 40°C to 50°C [ ]
36. The collected sample is picked up from hospital and transported to lab by?
a. Within 48 hours [ ]
b. Within 24 hours. [ ]
c. Within 50 hours. [ ]
d. Within 20 years. [ ]
135
37. What is the technique to preserve the stem cells?
a .Cryopreservative technique [ ]
b .Presevative technique [ ]
c .Refregirator [ ]
d .colonization [ ]
38.which of the following Umblical cord blood stem cells are preserved at?
a. -196o c [ ]
b.-186 o c [ ]
c.-176 o c [ ]
d.-166 o c [ ]
39.What is the expiration date for stem cells after preservation?
a. No fixed date. [ ]
b.0-5 years. [ ]
c.5- 10 years. [ ]
d. 10-20 years. [ ]
40. Who is the legal authority for the collected cord blood ?
a. Parents. [ ]
b. Relatives [ ]
c. Hospital [ ]
d. Parents until the child becomes major [ ]
136
PART 3: LIKERT ATTITUDE SCALE REGARDING CORD BLOOD STEM
CELL THERAPY AMONG ANTENATAL MOTHERS:
INSTRUCTIONS:
The tool consists of 20 questions and each question consists of multiple options and
one is the appropriate answer. Place a tick mark in the corresponding space given
below:
s. no question Strongly Agree Neither Disagree Strongly

agree agree disagree
nor
disagree
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1 Stem cells therapy are
risk free, Because it may
come from your own
body
2 During cord blood

collection, the baby is
not harmed any way.
Stem cells are helped to

3 treat many disease
condition
4 Can we able to store

stem cells for a longer
period.
Stem cells are derived

5
from placenta also
Adult stem cells are

6 found only in bone
marrow
In a clinical practice
7 advice the mother to
store the stem cells for
further purpose
8 Embryonic stem cells are

obtained from the inner
137
cell mass of the
blastocyst.
9 It is really important to
find treatment for
diabetes, heart disease,
and Parkinson as quickly
as possible, even if it
means destroying
embryos
to do so.
It would be terrible if
10 cures were delayed
because of policies that
make embryonic stem
cell research difficult.
11 Using umbilical cord

blood stem cells is easy
compare to embryo
12 Umbilical cord blood is a

rich source for stem
cells.
13 Umblical cord blood

stem cells can be
collected at the time of
birth.
14
If cost is affordable I can
pay to store my baby
15 cord blood.
Your baby umbilical

cord blood could be a
16 potential match for
siblings also.
Embryonic stem cell

research is illegal and
17
unnecessary.
Stem cell can be

18 preserved for a lesser
period.
138
Does your baby affected
by collecting umbilical
cord blood stem cells.
19 Thalassemia,Leukaemia,
Lymphoma can be
treated by stem cell
therapy.
Stem cell transplantation

20 should be widely
practiced
139
PART II -SCORE KEY FOR STRUCTURED KNOWLEDGE
QUESTIONNAIRE
QUESTION NO ANSWER SCORE
1 a 1
2 b 1
3 a 1
4 c 1
5 a 1
6 a 1
7 a 1
8 a 1
9 a 1
10 a 1
11 d 1
12 b 1
13 b 1
14 b 1
15 a 1
16 c 1
17 c 1
18 b 1
19 d 1
20 c 1
21 c 1
22 b 1
23 c 1
24 b 1
25 d 1
26 a 1
27 a 1
28 c 1
140
29 c 1
30 d 1
31 c 1
32 b 1
33 d 1
34 d 1
35 a 1
36 a 1
37 a 1
38 a 1
39 a 1
40 d 1
SCORE: 40
141
PART - III
LIKERT ATTITUDE SCALE REGARDING CORD BLOOD STEM CELL
THERAPY AMONG ANTENATAL MOTHERS
S.No Question Strongly Agree Neither Disagree Strongly
agree agree nor Disagree
disagree
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 10
11 11
12 12
13 13
14 14
15 15
16 16
17 17
18 18
19 19
20 20
NOTE:
This is for positive statements. It will be reversible for negative statements.
142
APPENDIX XII
jfty; Nrfhpg;G tpdhf;fs;
gphpT – m
jdp egh; jfty;
mwpTiu:
Njh;thsh; khjphp vz; mspf;Fk; gjpiy njhlh;ghd ,lj;jpy; [] nra;thh;.
1. jhap;d; taJ
(m) 21 Kjy; 25 tajpw;Fs; [ ]
(M) 26 Kjy; 30 tajpw;Fs; [ ]
(,) 31 Kjy; 35 tajpw;Fs; [ ]
(<) 36 Kjy; 40 tajpw;Fs; [ ]
2. kjk;
(m) ,e;J [ ]
(M) K];yPk; [ ]
(,) fpwp];Jth; [ ]
(<) gpw kjj;jth;fs; [ ]
3. jha;ik epiy
(m) Kjy; jlitahf fUTw;w ngz; [ ]
(M) ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahf fUTw;w ngz; [ ]
(,) gy Kiw fUTw;w ngz; [ ]
4. fy;tp jFjp
(m) ,ilepiy fy;tp [ ]
(M) cah; epiy fy;tp [ ]
(,) gl;lg;gbg;G [ ]
5. njhopy;
(m) tPl;L Ntiy [ ]
(M) muR mYtyh; [ ]
(,) jdpahh; Copah; [ ]
(<) Ranjhopy; / tpahghuk; [ ]
143
6. FLk;gj;jpd; tiffs;
(m) jdp FLk;gk; [ ]
(M) $l;Lf; FLk;gk; [ ]
7. FUj;jZ rpfpr;ir gw;wpa mwpT vjd;Kyk; ngwg;gl;lJ
(m) jfty; njhlh;G rhjdq;fs; [ ]
(M) Rfhjhu mYtyh;fs; [ ]
(,) ez;gh;fs; [ ]
(<) ,tw;wpy; VJkpy;iy [ ]
144
gphpT – M
fh;gfhy jha;khh;fSf;fpilNa FUj;jZ rpfpr;iria gw;wpa mwpTjpwid

fz;lwpAk; tpdhf;fs;:
mwpTiu:
fPNo 40 tpdhf;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd xt;nthU tpdhtpw;Fk; ehd;F gjpy;fs;
jug;gl;Ls;sd. ,jpy; xd;W kl;Lk; rhpahd gjpy;. fh;gfhy jha;khh;fs; mspf;Fk;
gjpiy njhlh;ghd ,lj;jpy; Njh;thsh; [] FwpaPLthh;.
1. caphpd; mbg;gil tbtk; vd;d?
(m) nry; [ ]
(M) ikl;Nlhfhz;Bhpah [ ]
(,) gpsh];kh [ ]
(<) b.vd;.V [ ]
2. nry;fspd; ,uz;L Kf;fpa tiffs; vd;d?
(m) jir nry;fs; kw;Wk; nrayhsh; nry;fs; [ ]
(M) FUj;jZ nry;fs; kw;Wk; rhjhuz nry;fs; [ ]
(,) vYk;G nry;fs; kw;Wk; FUj;njYk;G nry;fs; [ ]
(<) euk;G nry;fs; kw;Wk; vgpjPypay; nry;fs; [ ]
3. FUj;jZ nry; vd;why; vd;d?
(m) xU nry; mjd; vz;zpf;ifia ngUf;fp nfhz;Lk; kw;Wk;
rpwg;G tifahd nry;fis cUthf;ffpd;wd. [ ]
(M) xU nry;fSf;F Fwpgpl;l tifahd nry;fis cUthf;Fk;
jd;ik nfhz;lJ. [ ]
(,) xU nry;fSf;F Gjpa nry;fis GJgpf;Fk; jd;ik
fpilahJ. [ ]
(<) xU nry;fSf;F clypy; cs;s midj;J nry;fis xNu Neuj;jpy;
GJgpf;Fk; jd;ik nfhz;lJ. [ ]
145
4. rhuhuz nry; gphptpd; tiffs;?
(m) b.vd;.V gpujpnra;if . [ ]
(M) ,izTg;nghUs; cUthf;fk.; [ ]
(,) ,iyAUg;gpgpT kw;Wk; xLf;fw;gphpT. [ ]
(<) ve;j gphpTk; ,y;iy. [ ]
5. ,ioAUg;gphptpd; Kf;fpa NtWghL?
(m) xU xw;iw nry; ,uz;L nry;fshf gphpfpd;wd. [ ]
(M) xU xw;iw nry; ehd;F nry;fshf gphpfpd;wd. [ ]
(,) xU xw;iw nry; MW nry;fshf gphpfpd;wd. [ ]
(<) xU xw;iw nry; vl;L nry;fshf gphpfpd;wd. [ ]
6. xLf;fw;gphpT vd;why; vd;d?
(m) xU nry; ,uz;L nry;fshf gphptile;J NkYk; ghjp
vz;zpf;ifapyhd FNuhNkhNrhk;fis nfhz;Ls;sJ. [ ]
(M) xU nry; ehd;F nry;fshf gphptile;J NkYk; ghjp
(,) xU nry; MW nry;fshf gphptile;J NkYk; ghjp
(<) xU nry; vl;L nry;fshf gphptile;J NkYk; ghjp
7. njhg;Gs; nfhb ,uj;j nry;fs; vjpypUe;J cUthfpd;wd?
(m) fU FUj;jZf;fs.; [ ]
(M) jpR Fwpg;gpl;l FUj;jZf;fs;. [ ]
(,) ,ilEioj;jpR FUj;jZf;fs;. [ ]
(<) gyjpwd;fis J}z;ba FUj;jZf;fs;. [ ]
146
8. njhg;Gs;nfhb ,uj;j Xl;lj;jpy; cl;nrYj;Jjy;
(m) Nehahspapd; ,uj;j Xl;lj;jpy; cl;nrYj;Jjy;. [ ]
(M) jputq;fspd; %yk; euk;Gfspy; cl;nrYj;Jjy;. [ ]
(,) ,uj;j Vw;wj;jpd; %yk; cl;nrYj;Jjy;. [ ]
(<) vYk;G k[;i[apd; %yk; cl;nrYj;Jjy;. [ ]
9. Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; fUf;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; gphpl;b\; rl;lk; vd;d?
(m) kdpj fU ghJfhg;G rl;lk;. [ ]
(M) kdpj fUj;jhpj;jy; rl;lk;. [ ]
(,) kdpj fUj;jhpj;jy; kw;Wk; fUtpay; Ma;T rl;lk; [ ]
(<) fU ghJfhg;G rl;lk; [ ]
10. njhg;Gs;nfhb ,uj;j khw;W Kiwia Kjd;Kjypy; vg;nghOJ epfo;j;jg;gl;lJ?
(m) 1990. [ ]
(M) 1991. [ ]
(,) 1992. [ ]
(<) 1993. [ ]
11. njhg;Gs; nfhb FUj;jZf;fspd; %yk; vj;jid Neha;fs; Fzg;gLj;jgLfpd;wd?
(m) Rkhh; 50 mr;RWj;Jk; Neha;fs; [ ]
(M) Rkhh; 60 mr;RWj;Jk; Neha;fs; [ ]
(,) Rkhh; 70 mr;RWj;Jk; Neha;fs; [ ]
(<) Rkhh; 80 mr;RWj;Jk; Neha;fs; [ ]
12. ve;j tifahd nry;fspd; %yk; fUFUj;jZf;fs; NtWgLfpd;wd?
(m) %is FUj;jZf;fs; kw;Wk; rpwg;G %is nry;fs.; [ ]
(M) clypd; vy;yh tifahd rpwg;G nry;fSk;. [ ]
(,) ,d;Rypid cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; nry;fs;. [ ]
(<) nraw;if Kiwapdhy; Md Njhy; nry;fs;. [ ]
147
13. FUj;jZf;fs; ve;j tifahd vjph;g;G Neha;fis Fzg;gLj;Jfpd;wd?
(m) ahidf;fhy; Neha; kw;Wk; ff;Fthd; ,Uky;. [ ]
(M) tif 1 ePuopT kw;Wk; Klf;F thjk;. [ ]
(,) Gzh;Gioaowrp Neha;fs;. [ ]
(<) rpd;dk;ik kw;Wk; mk;ik. [ ]
14. ve;j tifahd FUj;jZf;fis kdpj clypy; fz;Lgpbg;gJ fbdkhdJ?
(m) fU FUj;jZf;fs;. [ ]
(M) jpR Fwpg;gpl;l FUj;jZf;fs;. [ ]
(,) ,ilEioj;jpR fUj;jZf;fs;. [ ]
(<) gy jpwd;fis J}z;ba FUj;jZf;fs;. [ ]
15. ,ilEio FUj;jZf;fs; vq;Nf fhzg;gLfpwJ?
(m) vYk;G k[;i[. [ ]
(M) fy;yPuy;. [ ]
(,) %is. [ ]
(<) jpR. [ ]
16. gyj;jpwd;fis J}z;lg;gl;l FUj;jZf;fs; mNj tsh;rr

; p rhj;jpak; ,y;iy?
(m) FUjpahf;f FUj;jZf;fs;. [ ]
(M) euk;gfs; rhh;e;j FUj;jZf;fs;. [ ]
(,) fU FUj;jZf;fs;. [ ]
(<) gw;$o; FUj;jZf;fs;. [ ]
17. kdpjdpd; gyjpwd; nry;fs; gw;wp kpfTk; Jy;ypakhd mwpf;if vd;why; vd;d?
(m) midj;J tifahd kdpj nry;fs;. [ ]
(M) fU FUj;jZf;fs; kl;L

; k; nghUe;Jk;. [ ]
(,) fU jpRf;fis jtpu midj;J tidahd kdpj nry;fs;. [ ]
(<) NtWgLj;j$ba kw;Wk; jhdhf GJg;gpf;f $baJ. [ ]
148
18. FUj;jZf;fspd; gpsT kw;Wk; GJg;gpf;Fk; jpwd; nfhz;lit vJ?
(m) kpf FWfpa fhyq;fspy;. [ ]
(M) ePz;l fhyq;fspy;. [ ]
(,) xU epkplj;jpy;. [ ]
(<) ve;j tpj fhyq;fspYk; ,y;iy. [ ]
19. MNuhf;fpakhd Foe;ijfspd; clypy; cUthFk; ,uj;j FUj;jZtpd; msT
(m) 1>000-f;F Nkw;gl;l FUj;jZf;fs;. [ ]
(M) 10>000-f;F Nkw;gl;l FUj;jZf;fs;. [ ]
(,) 1>00>000-f;F Nkw;gl;l FUj;jZf;fs;. [ ]
(<) 10>00>000-f;F Nkw;gl;l FUj;jZf;fs;. [ ]
20. Foe;ijfspd; ve;j tifahd Neha;fis njhg;Gs;nfhb ,uj;jj;jpd; %yk;

ntw;wpfukhf Fzg;gLj;jgLfpd;wd?
(m) ilgha;L kw;Wk; fhrNeha;. [ ]
(M) ,sk;gps;is thjk; kw;Wk; njhz;il mow;rp Neha;. [ ]
(,) ,uj;j Gw;W Neha; kw;Wk; ,uj;jNrhif. [ ]
(<) tapw;WNghf;F kw;Wk; tapw;WfLg;G. [ ]
21. FUjpahf;f FUj;jZf;fs; vjpypUe;J ngwg;gLfpwJ?
(m) ,uj;j nts;isaZf;fs;. [ ]
(M) ,uj;j rptg;gZf;fs;. [ ]
(,) njhg;Gs;nfhb ,uj;jk;. [ ]
(<) eQ;Rf;nfhb. [ ]
22. ve;j tifahd NehahspfSf;F nfhilahsh;fsplkpUe;J FUj;jZf;fs; khw;W

ngw Ntz;Lk;?
(m) tapw;WNghf;F. [ ]
(M) ,uj;j Gw;WNeha;. [ ]
(,) ,sk;gps;is thjk;. [ ]
(<) fLq;fha;rr
; y;. [ ]
149
23. njhg;Gs;nfhb ,uj;j FUj;jZf;fs; nghUe;j ve;j tifia rhh;e;jtuhf ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;?
(m) ez;gh;fs;. [ ]
(M) mUfpy; cs;sth;fs;. [ ]
(,) cld;gpwg;Gfs;. [ ]
(<) kw;wth;fs;. [ ]
24. jkpo;ehl;by; njhg;Gs;nfhbapd; ,uj;jtq;fp Nrfhpg;G ikak; vq;F cs;sJ?
(m) Nfhak;Gj;J}h;. [ ]
(M) nrd;id. [ ]
(,) kJiu. [ ]
(<) Nryk;. [ ]
25. epiyahd kw;Wk; nrayhf;f fl;lzk; msT vt;tsT?
(m) & 32>000. [ ]
(M) & 27>000. [ ]
(,) & 50>000. [ ]
(<) & 35>000. [ ]
26. njhg;Gs;nfhb FUj;jZf;fs; vt;tsT fhyk; rhj;jpakhdJ?
(m) 23 Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf ciwe;j epiyapy;. [ ]
(M) 20 Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf ciwe;j epiyapy;. [ ]
(,) 15 Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf ciwe;j epiyapy;. [ ]
(<) 30 Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf ciwe;j epiyapy;. [ ]
27. eQ;Rnfhb FUj;jZf;fs; Nrfhpg;G njhlh;ghd Nrit ikaq;fspy; ahh; njhptpf;f

Ntz;Lk;?
(m) kUj;Jtkid. [ ]
(M) ez;gh;fs; kw;Wk; cwtpdh;fs;. [ ]
(,) jhdk; nfhLg;gth;. [ ]
(<) nghJ kf;fs;. [ ]

150
28. kUj;Jtkidapy; njhg;Gs;nfhb ,uj;j Nrfhpg;G njhlh;ghf ed;nfhilahsh;fs;
ve;j khjj;jpy; njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;?
(m) 3 khjj;jpy;. [ ]
(M) 6 khjj;jpy;. [ ]
(,) gpurt miwf;F nry;tjw;F Kd;G. [ ]
(<) gpurtj;jpd; NghJ. [ ]
29. njhg;Gs;nfhb ,uj;j Nrfhpg;gpy; xg;Gjy; nfhLf;f ahh; KbAk;?
(m) fzth;. [ ]
(M) ngw;Nwhh;fs;. [ ]
(,) nfhilahsh;fs;. [ ]
(<) cwtpdh;fs;. [ ]
30. njhg;Gs;nfhb ,uj;j Nrfhpg;G ve;j tifahd gpurtj;jpy; epfo;j;j KbAk;?
(m) mWit rpfpr;ir gpurtk;. [ ]
(M) Rfgpurtk;. [ ]
(,) MAjj;Jld; $ba Rfgpurtk;. [ ]
(<) mWit rpfpr;ir gpurtk; / Rfgpurtk;. [ ]
31. vg;nghOJ njhg;Gs;nfhb FUj;jZf;fs; vLf;fgLfpwJ?
(m) gpurtj;jpw;F 30 epkplj;jpw;F gpwF. [ ]
(M) gpurtk; Kbe;j 30 epkplj;jpw;F gpwF. [ ]
(,) gpurtk; Kbe;j 10 epkplj;jpw;Fs;. [ ]
(<) eQ;Rnfhb ntspte;j 10 epkplj;jpw;Fs;. [ ]
32. njhg;Gs;nfhb ,uj;jk; ve;j ,lj;jpypUe;J vLf;fgLfpwJ?
(m) eQ;Rnfhb. [ ]
(M) eQRnfhb jz;L. [ ]
(,) njhg;Gs; jkzp. [ ]
(<) fUg;ig tha; %yk; tUk; ,uj;jk;. [ ]
151
33. Nrfhpf;fgl;l ngl;bia ghJfhg;ghf vLj;J nry;tjpy; kUj;Jthpd; gq;F?
(m) jhia gw;wp mbg;gil tptuq;fs;. [ ]
(M) Foe;ijia gw;wpa mbg;gil tptuq;fs;. [ ]
(,) kUj;Jtkid gw;wpa mbg;gil tptuq;fs;. [ ]
(<) jha; kw;Wk; Foe;ij gw;wpa KO tptuq;fs;. [ ]
34. Foe;ijapd; njhg;Gs; nfhbapypUe;J vt;tsT ,uj;jk; vLf;fg;gLfpwJ?
(m) 60 kpy;yp. [ ]
(M) 70 kpy;yp. [ ]
(,) 80 kpy;yp. [ ]
(<) 90 kpy;yp. [ ]
35. Nrfhpf;fgl;l FUj;jZf;fis NtnwhU ,lj;jpw;F vlj;J nry;Yk; NghJ ve;j

ntg;gepiyapy; itf;fgLfpwJ?
(m) 15°C Kjy; 25°C tiu. [ ]
(M) 20°C Kjy; 30°C tiu. [ ]
(,) 30°C Kjy; 40°C tiu. [ ]
(<) 40°C Kjy; 50°C tiu. [ ]
36. Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l
; khjphp kUj;Jtkidapy; ,Ue;J vt;tsT Neuj;jpw;Fs; Ma;tfk;
vLj;J nry;yg;gl Ntz;Lk;?
(m) 48 kzp Neuj;jpw;Fs;. [ ]
(M) 24 kzp Neuj;jpw;Fs;. [ ]
(,) 50 kzp Neuj;jpw;Fs;. [ ]
(<) 20 kzp Neuj;jpw;Fs;. [ ]
37. FUj;jZf;fis ghJfhf;Fk; El;gk; vd;d?
(m) fpiuNah kpfFiwe;j ntg;gepiyapy;. [ ]
(M) kpfFiwe;j ntg;gepiy;. [ ]
(,) Fsph;rhjd ngl;b. [ ]
(<) Gjpa ,lj;jpy;. [ ]

152
38. njhg;gs;nfhb FUj;jZf;fs; gpd;tUk; ve;j ntg;gepiyapy; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ?
(m) -196°C. [ ]
(M) -186°C. [ ]
(,) -176°C. [ ]
(<) -166°C. [ ]
39. FUj;jZf;fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd fhyhtjp Njjp vd;d?
(m) ve;j xU NjjpAk; ,y;iy. [ ]
(M) 0-5 Mz;Lfs;. [ ]
(,) 5-10 Mz;Lfs;. [ ]
(<) 10-20 Mz;Lfs;. [ ]
40. Nrfhpf;fgl;l njhg;Gs;nfhbapd; ,uj;j rl;l mjpfhhp ahh;?
(m) ngw;Nwhh;fs;. [ ]
(M) cwtpdh;fs;. [ ]
(,) kUj;Jtkid. [ ]
(<) Foe;ij gUtk; khWk; tiu. [ ]
153
gphpT - ,
fh;gfhy jha;khh;fSf;fpilNa FUj;jZ rpfpr;ir gw;wpa kdg;ghd;ikia
mwpjy;.
mwpTiu:
fPNo cs;s mwpf;if FUj;jZ rpfpr;ir gw;wpa kdg;ghd;ikia tpsf;FtJ
MFk; Njh;thsh; fh;gfhy jha;khh;fs; mspf;Fk; gjpiy rhpahd fl;lj;jpy; []
FwpapLthh;.
t. c.x.
mwpf;if c.x x.nfh ep., x.nfh.tp
vz; nfh.tp
FUj;jZ rpfpr;ir ve;j tpj Mgj;Jk;
1. ,y;yhjJ Vndd;why; ekJ clypy;
,Ue;J ngwg;gl;lJ.
njhg;Gs; nfhb uj;jk; Nrfhpf;Fk;
2. NghJ> Foe;ij ve;j topapYk;
ghjpf;fg;gltpy;iy.
FUj;jZf;fs; gytpj Neha;fis
3.
FzgLj;j cjTfpwJ.
FUj;jZf;fis ePz;l fhyk; tiu
4.
Nrkpf;f KbAk;.
FUj;jZf;fs; eQ;Rf;nfhbapypUe;J
5.
ngwg;gl;lit.
taJ te;Njhh;fspd; FUj;jZf;fs;
6. kl;Lk; vYk;G k[;i[apy;
fhzg;gLfpwJ.
kUj;Jt eilKiw MNyhrid gb
7. jha;khh;fs; FUj;jZf;fis NtNwDk;
Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf Nrkpf;fpd;wd.
fU FUj;jZf;fs; gpsh];Nlhrp];bd;
8.
cs;nry;jpuspypUe;J ngwg;gLfpwJ.
FUj;jZf;fspd; %yk; ePhpopT> ,ja
9. Neha; kw;Wk; euk;G jsh;r;rp Neha;fis
Fzg;gLj;j KbAk;.
FUj;jZ Muha;r;rp Kiw %yk;
10. Fzkhjypy; fbdk; vd;w nfhs;if
jhkjkhf te;jhy; mJ nfh^ukhdJ.
fUit xg;gpl;L ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ
11. njhg;Gs; nfhb FUj;jZf;fis
gad;gLj;JtJ vspJ.
njhg;Gs;nfho FUj;jZf;fs; xU
12.
mjpfgbahd Mjhukhf cs;sJ.
154
njhg;Gs;nfhb FUj;jZf;fs; Foe;ij
13.
gpwe;jTld; vLf;fgLfpwJ.
nryT kypT vd;why; ehd; vd;
14. Foe;ijapd; njhg;Gs;nfhb ,uj;jj;ij
Nrkpf;f KbAk;.
cq;fSila Foe;ijapd; njhg;Gs;
15. nfhb ,uj;jk; mth;fspd; cld;
gpwe;jth;fSf;Fk; nghUe;Jkh?
fU FUj;jZf;fspd; Muha;r;rp
16.
rl;ltpNuhjk; kw;Wk; Njitaw;wJ.
FUj;jZf;fis kpf Fiwe;j
17.
ntg;gepiyapy; ghJfhf;f KbAk;.
njhg;Gs; nfhb FUj;jZf;fis
18. vLf;Fk; nghOJ Foe;ijfs;
ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
FUj;jZ rpfpr;irapd; %yk; jyrPkpah>
19. ,uj;jGw;WNeha; kw;Wk; epzePh;
Gw;WNeha; FzgLj;j KbAk;.
FUj;jZ khw;W rpfpr;ir Kiwia
20. nghpa mstpy;
eilKiwgLj;jgLfpd;wd.
c.x: cWjpahf xg;Gnfhs;fpNwd;.
x.nfh: xg;Gf; nfhs;fpNwd;.
ep.,: epiyapy;yhik.
x.nfh.tp: xg;G nfhs;stpy;iy.
c.x.nfh.tp: cWjpahf
xg;Gf;nfhs;stpy;iy.
155
குருத்த ெி ிச்னெ பற்றிய
பாடத்திட்டம்
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156
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ØR-p ùRôl×sùLô¥ WjR Ye¡ BRôW ùLôsûLûV
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159
160
ABSTARCT
Cord blood stem cell research has been extensively explored worldwide to
enhance human health in medical setting. Stem cells have tremendous promise to
helping us to understand and treat a range of various diseases, injuries and other health-
related conditions. Their potential is evident in the use of cord blood stem cells to treat
diseases of the blood, A cord blood stem cell therapy has saved the lives of thousands of
children with leukemia; and can be seen in the use of stem cells for tissue grafts to treat
diseases or injury to the bone, skin and surface of the eye. Important clinical trials
involving stem cells are underway for many other conditions and researchers continue to
explore new avenues using stem cells in medicine.
Genetic disorder rate in India 64.4 % (per 1000 live births),Rao and Ghose (2005)
report that 1 out of 20 children admitted to hospital has a genetic disorder that ultimately
account for about 1 out of 10 childhood deaths. In India ultimately urban area are affected
with congenital malformation and genetic disorder are the third most common cause of
mortality in newborns. There are an estimated 60-80 million people in the world who
carry the beta thalassemia trait. People who carry thalassemia in India alone number
approximately 30 million.
The main objective of the study is to assess effectiveness of structured teaching

programme on knowledge and attitude regarding stem cell therapy among antenatal
mothers in selected private hospitals at Namakkal district. One group pretest and posttest
design was used for this study. The independent variable in this study is structure
teaching program on cord blood stem cell therapy. The dependent variables in this study
are knowledge and attitude. The study was conducted at jayaa and suguna hospital
Tiruchengode which is a 100 bedded hospitals.
Sample includes antenatal mothers with stem cell therapy at jayaa and suguna
hospitals, who fulfils the inclusion criteria were selected by non probability convenient
sampling technique. Structured teaching on knowledge and attitude regarding stem cell
161
The comparison of pretest, the mean score of knowledge was 11.50 with S.D
2.70 whereas in the post test the mean score of knowledge was 33.06 with S.D 3.93. The
calculated paired‗t‘ value of t = 57.742 was found to statistically significant at p<0.001
level. This clearly shows that the structured teaching programme imparted to antenatal
mothers had significant improvement in the post test level of knowledge regarding cord
There was a significant improvement of knowledge and attitude regarding stem
cell therapy among antenatal mothers at Jayaa and Suguna hospitals after structured
teaching as an intervention. Thus structured teaching on stem cell therapy was an
effective intervention in the enhancement of knowledge and attitude among antenatal
mothers.
The present study conducted by the investigator, mainly focused on the structured
teaching programme to improve the knowledge and attitude on stem cell therapy and was
found effective and also the researcher insisted the antenatal mothers should improve the
knowledge of stem cell therapy.
162

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EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING

PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE

THE TAMIL NADU DR.M.G.R.MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF

THE TAMIL NADU DR.M.G.R.MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

INTERNAL EXAMINAR: EXTERNAL EXAMINAR:

PROF. Mrs. V. KAVITHA M.SC (N) .,

Principal, Arvinth College of Nursing,

2/191, Ellaikkal Medu,

Namakkal Dist - 637020

THE TAMIL NADU DR.M.G.R.MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

Approved by Dissertation Committee on: 15.04.2016

Research Guide: _____________________________

PROF. Mrs. V. KAVITHA M.SC (N) .,

Clinical Guide : _____________________________

Mrs. V.THENTRAL M.SC (N) .,

Namakkal Dist.- 637020

THE TAMILNADU DR.M.G.R MEDICAL UNIVERSITY,

This is to certify that, this thesis, titled, “A STUDY TO ASSESS THE

PROF. Mrs. V. KAVITHA M.Sc (N) .,

“The lord is my shepherd; I shall not want”

I express my immense thanks to DR.M.DHANABAKIYAM,M.B.B.S Vice

I express my gratefulness to PROF. Mrs. V. KAVITHA, M.Sc., (N),PRINCIPAL,

My deepest gratitude and immense thanks to Mrs. R. RUCKMANI, M.Sc., (N),

I thank our librarian, Mr. R. RAMAN Arvinth College of Nursing, Namakkal.

I express my sincere gratitude to Mrs.E.SUGUNA, Mr.RAMKEE office staff for

I wish to extend my sincere thanks to administration and faculty members of JAYAA

I express my sincere and special thanks to Mr.G.K.VENKATRAMAN, Statistician for

It is privilege to express my deep sense of gratitude to Mr.SANTHANA

I thank all my well wishers who helped me directly and indirectly.

CHAPTER CONTENT PAGE NO

VII REFERENCE 57-61

VIII APPENDICES 62-160

TABLE NO TABLES PAGE NO

1 Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic 34

2 Frequency and percentage distribution of pretest and post 36

Frequency and percentage distribution of pretest and post

Comparison of pretest and post test knowledge scores 40

5 Comparison of pretest and post test attitude scores regarding 41

6 Correlation between post test knowledge and attitude scores 42

7 Association of post test level of knowledge regarding cord 43

Association of post test level of attitude regarding cord

FIGURES TITLE PAGE

2 Schematic representation of research methodology 28

3 Percentage distribution of pretest and post test level of

4 Percentage distribution of pretest and post test level of

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE NO

I Letter seeking permission to conduct study 62

II Letter seeking expert‘s opinion for content validity 63

III List of experts for content validity 64

IV Format for content validity 65

V Informed consent form 72

VI Content validity certificate 73

VII Certificate for English Edition 74

XII Data Collection Tool (Tamil) 143

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

≤50% Inadequate Knowledge