A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING

“FAMILY PLANNING METHOD” IN RURAL WOMEN

BETWEEN AGE GROUP OF 25-45 IN KALPIRAVU
VILLAGE

PROJECT SUBMITTED TO

Matha School of Nursing, Vaanpuram, Manamadurai, Affiliated to

The Tamilnadu Nurses Council, Chennai and Indian Nursing Council,

New Delhi.

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of

DIPLOMA IN NURSING

By

III Year Diploma Nursing Students

2011 –2014 Batch

MATHA SCHOOL OF NURSING

VAANPURAM, MANAMADURAI 630 -606
SIVAGANGAI DISTRICT
 MATHA SCHOL OF NURSING
Annavasal Road, Vaanpuram, Manamadurai 630 606,
Sivagangai District, Tamil Nadu, South India.
(Sponsored by Matha Memorial Educational Trust)
(Recognized by the Tamilnadu Nurses and midwives
Council, Chennai and Indian Nursing Council, New Delhi.)

CERTIFICATE

Recognized by the Tamil Nadu Nurses and Midwives Council, Chennai

and Indian Nursing Council, New Delhi.

The project on title “A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE

KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE” regarding Family Planning Method

among eligible couple at Kalpiravu Village.

Submitted by IVth Year Diploma Nursing Students of 2011 – 2014 in

partial fulfillment of the requirement for Diploma nursing in midwifery for

trained nurses, Manamadurai, Sivagangai District, affiliated to the Tamil Nadu

Board.

It is further certified of this project or any other part of this has not been

submitted also where for any Degree.

Signature of Guide, Signature of Principal

 DECLARATION

The research entitled “A DESCRIPTIVE THE STUDY TO ASSESS

THE KNOWLEDGE FAMILY PLANNING METHOD AMONG

ELIGIBLE COUPLE AT KALPIRAVU VILLAGE” WAS CARRIED OUT

IN DIPLOMA IN NURSING STUDENT OF 2011 – 2014 Batch of Matha

School of Nursing, Vaanpuram, Manamadurai affiliated to the Tamil Nadu

Nurses Midwifery Council and Indian Nursing Council; New Delhi in partial

fulfillment of the requirement of Diploma Nursing in midwifery for trained

Nurse.

2011 – 2014 Diploma Nursing for Tamil Nadu.

1) A. Ambika 10) M. Kavitha 19) E. Selvalakshmi

2) B. Amirtha valli 11) U. Lavanya 20) K. Shamim banu

3) V. Arockia Sheela12) K. Mahalakshmi 21) K. Sheeja

4) D. Arundevi 13) A. Mary 22) R. Soumiya

5) A. Arul Jansi 14) Y. Menka 23) B. Suriyaprabha

6) R. Banupriya 15) S. Mappadathi 24) G. Thilagavathi

7) D. Beulah 16) M. Parameswari 25) K. Vimaladevi

8) J. Elakkiya 17) M. Parimaladevi 26) R. Rekha Mary

9) T. Kalaivani 18) M. Saranya 27) M. Durai

Place:

Date :
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Not by might for by power by spirit our sincere thanks to our loving

“LORD JESUS CHRIST” who gave us strength and wisdom to bring out this in

a meticulous manner without his presence this work may not be brought in to

light.

Our heartfelt thanks to Mr.P.JEYAKUMAR, M.A., B.L., (SW) Founder

and Chairman, Matha Memorial Educational Trust, Manamadurai and Mrs.

JAYAPACKIAM, M.A., Correspondent Matha School of Nursing for this

mobility and kindness towards us from the beginning of the enrollment in

diploma nursing in the Institution and for the encouragement.

We hereby extend our sincere gratitude and heartfelt

thanks to Mr. S. PARTHASARATHY, B.A.D.N. (GEN) D.N. (EDU), DEAN

MATHA SCHOOL OF NURSING, MANAMADURAI for his constant

inspiration and encouragement.

We are also thankful to Mrs. MARIYAMMAL DHARMALINGAM,,

P.C. B.Sc. (N) N.A. Principal, Matha School of Nursing for the valuable

suggestions and guidance.

We thankful to Mrs. PORSELVI,B.Sc., (N) Vice-Principal Matha School

of Nursing for the Valuable suggestions, critical reading of manuscript guidance

and encouragement offered in presentations of his research.

We are grateful to Mrs. V. RADHIKA, B.Sc., (N) Vice Principal, and

Matha School of Nursing for valuable guidance for this project.

 We are very thankful to Mrs. K. KALAISELVI, B.Sc. (N) Tutor, Matha

School of Nursing Guidance and super vision in the clinical field.

We are grateful to all Tutors of Matha School of Nursing for this to do this

study.

Our gratitude goes to all our in ends Amutha Communication class mate

and all others for this help and support.

We extend our sincere gratitude all our responded their whole hearted

participation in this study to our parents for the full financial support and

encouragement in our development.

Place: Manamadurai,

Date:
 INDEX

CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE NO

INTRODUCTION
NEED FOR THE STUDY
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
I OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
LIMITATIONS
SCOPE OF STUDY
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH APPROACH
SETTING OF THE STUDY
SAMPLING POPULATION
SAMPLE SIZE
III CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF SAMPLE
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE
INSTRUMENTS
TESTING OF THE TOOL
DATA COLLECTION PROCESS

IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

V DISCUSSION
VI SUMMARY
VII CONCLUSION
VIII RECOMENTATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO TITLE PAGE NO.

1 Distribution of Sample According to
Demographic Characteristics in Frequency and
Distribution.
2 Distribution of Respondents According to the
favourable Answer.
3 Chi-square test to Show the knowledge
regarding Contraceptive among 25-45 years
and the age respondent.
4 Chi-Square test to show the knowledge
regarding Contraceptive methods among
mothers who belongs to number of Children
5 Chi-Square test to show the knowledge who are
illiterate and High School Qualification.

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE NO.

1 Frequency distribution according to the age Groups
2 Frequency distribution according to the Educational
Level
3 Frequency distribution according to Occupational
Status.
4 Frequency distribution according to number of
Children.

A Descriptive Study to assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding

permenent Family Planning Method among eligible Couple at Kalpiravu Village.

 CHAPTER-I

INTRODUCTION

BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY

“Better Contraceptives use – brings

Reduced number of population

Better Awareness Compaign – Brings

Reduced number of illness – So enjoy

Health ever and ever.

Ail – hawfix

Contraceptives are device or drug used to prevent a women becoming

pregnant. According to datary Chakavarthi the terms contraception refers to the

temporary prevention of pregnancy effected by surgical sterilization. The main

advantage of contraceptive is protection from sexually transmitted disease a

reduction in the incidence of pelvic inflammatory diseases and some protection

from risk of cervical cancer. Temporary contraceptives are those which lasts only

a limited period that helps in preventing pregnancy. Uses of temporary

contraceptives help in spacing the family. Promoting knowledge on Family

Planning would the family practice various temporary methods thus reduce the

number of Children, which would ultimately reduce the population. Help the

family to take care of their Child with food, good education and health. It will

prevent overcrowding, promote the family economic status of the country. It will
prevent unwanted pregnancy among mothers like wise permanent contraceptive

methods also having major role as similar as temporary contraceptive methods.

The national population policy 2000 (NPP 2000) affirms the commitment

of government towards voluntary and informed choice and consent of citizens

while a wailing of reproductive health care services, and continuation of the target

free approach in administering family planning services. The NPP 2000 provides

a policy frame work for advancing goals and prioritizing strategies during the

next decade, to meet the reproductions and child health needs of the people of

India, and to active net replacement levels by 2010. It is based upon the need to

simultaneous address issues of the child survival maternal health and

contraception, while increasing art reach and coverage of a comprehensive

package of reproduction and child health services by Government industry and

voluntary non-Government sector, working in partnership.

The Government of India started family planning Programs in 1952 with

an objective of reducing birth rate to the extent necessary for stabilization of

population at a level consistent with requirement of national economy. Through

the family planning programme was not successful in reducing birth rate during

last fifty years but the programme has succeeded in generating universal

knowledge about family planning methods. Between with high awareness about

family planning methods. The different communication strategies are used to

motivate couples and support behavioral practice at home to use family planning

methods.
Need for the study:

Wang and Frasser (1994) says, contraception is accepted that birth intervals

of at – least 2 years. Improve maternal and infant mortality. These it promote the

motors giving teach on family planning would improve the chances of accepting

to contraceptive method.

K.Park says that when all births are postponed by one year in each age

group. There was a decline in each total fertility. It follows that spacing of a

children may have a significant impact on the General reduction in the fertility

rates of the counting. These will reduce the population to considerable.

D.C.Dutta says the rapid increase of population has got an adverse effect

on national, economic increasing number of birth gave got a deleterious effects

of mother and child, High parties also related to increased material perinatal and

infant death. For these reason population control by the contraceptives important.

According to register general of India collected fertility on national scale

found females who marry before age of 18 gave birth to larger number of children

then who marry after 21.

According to national population polices (2000) States , in the year 2010

the population will be 1107 million instead of 1162 million by the use of

contraceptives.
 Robert (1981) says, “Contraception” plays an important role in many

women’s lives. It has been argued that control of their own fertility is the largest

single factors affecting the independence of women during this century.

Fetter (1990) says increased number of sexually active unmarried

adolescent’s age 15-17years who use contraception are effective against

pregnancy and STD.

According to the national family health survey -2 (1998-1999) says, about

16% of currently married women Women’s in India have on unmet need for the

family planning.

Statements of the problem

A study to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding contraceptive

methods.

To identify the level of attitude regarding contraceptive methods.

To find out the relationship between knowledge attitude of students

regarding contraceptive methods.

To determine the association between knowledge and the selected

demographic variables of students (age, sex, religion, education status ,marital

status , exposure to mass media types of family, locality availability of health

personal.
Hypothesis

There will be a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude of

students regarding contraceptive methods.

There will be a significant association between attitude and the selected

demographic variables of students regarding contraceptive methods.

 CHAPTER II

Review of literature:

This chapter deals with the review of literature related to the study.

The primary purpose of reviewing relevant literature is to give broud

ground knowledge (or) understanding of the information that is available related

to the research problem of interest [Burns-1997]. Here an attempt has been made

to combine the research and non-literature reviewed to the present study.

They develop a deeper in sight to problem area.

According to words and non-reach catanraro [1998] the literature review

contains a summary of earlier work on the scheme (or) related to pics.

The literature review is arranged in the following sections.

a) Studies related to knowledge regarding contraceptive methods.

b) Studies related to attitude regarding contraceptive methods.

II . Studies related to knowledge attitude regarding contraceptive methods.

a) Studies related to knowledge, regarding contraceptive methods.

[June1,2010] Basotho women at Queen Elizabeth II hospital, Maseru

Lesotho.

The knowledge of Basotho women about family planning methods is low & many

of post about family planning at discharge after been evaluated to address this it

is of at most importance of [MOHSSW] be inched promoting health education

introduces (or) resuscitates family health education in school so that mortality

and mortality due unsafe abortion that pore a threat to women’s health and live

will be reduced.

Dr.P.Arcokia samy [2003] conducted a study on “poverty” an use of

“contraceptive”. The analysis is based on survey data of 643 House holds

selected by two-stage stratified random samplincy in a group of five villages and

a town in south Arcot District of Tamil Nadu. The respondents were widely aware

of were the condom. IUD & bill with 76.0%, 63.8% respondents were aware

about abdtinence Method . Very few respondents were aware of methods such as

rhythm jelly [ cream, form, tablets and douche]. An interestiny findings was that

the conventional tubectomy procedure was [popular among all the respondents

laparoscopy was popular among the poor and vasectomy was popular among the

rich.

Nunez –urquiz , RM: Walkor D,et al, [2003] conducted a study on

“unwanted adolescent pregunancy and Post Partum utilization of contraceptive

method , across sectional study was conducted among 220 women between 13 &

19 years of age . Among all adolescent mothers 91.3% were Familier 84.72%

know about the IUD 63.68% know about the Condom . However only 35 % of

them were actually using an effective contraceptive method six weeks after

delivery.
 Eve espey, Tony ogburn, david Espey and virgil Etsity [2003]

conducted a study on IUD related Knowledge , attitudes and practice among

Navajo area” Indian health service providers , providers knowledge about the

IUCD was generally good the majority of all Respondends gave correct answers

to factors about the effectiveness of the TW 380 A [67 % and its duration of

effectiveness (64%)].

Studies related to attitude regarding contraceptive methods

Anjali S. Kumar [2004] conducted a study on “Attecedents” of voluntary

surgical sterilization among poor women in Tamil Nadu urban VS rural women

demonstrates poor women choose sterilization more for personal and socio –

economics reason [low income ,poor health and living conditions] than for lack

of awareness of other contraceptives urban women were significantly more

likely to have tried one (or) 0 more forms of available contraceptives while rural

women were! Significantly more likely to be unaware of other available

methods [p<0.001]

Literacy was significantly associated with contraceptive use in both Urban

and rural groups [p<0.01] At least one child of each sex was desired. A need for

improvement of literacy, health education programs and enhanced family

planning services for rural women was evident.

 Dhillon S. Chandhiok , N. kambo I and Saxena NC [11th November, 2004]

conducted a study on “ Induced abortion and concurrent adoption of

contraception in the rural areas of India the aim of the study to assess attitude

behavior practices and utilization of services by rural women for induced abortion

and concurrent acceptance of contraception cross sectional survey of eligible

married women in 13states in India over one year a total of 1851 women who had

an MTP during the previous 3 years were interviewed the main reason for seeking

abortion was “don’t need any more children “ 42 % and in 12.4% they specifically

mentioned that they don’t need any more daughters” Around 46% of women

accessed abortion services form private clinics as compared to government

hospital [37.1%] and PHC & CHC [14.0%] the decision to terminate the

pregnancy and place of abortion was made by the husband in 42.08% and 52.02%

respectively Regret for abortion was expressed by 29.6% of the women . Nearly

half of the women undergoing abortion accepted a family planning method

concurrently of these IUCD Oral contraceptives and a permanent method was

adopted by 37.2% and 49.1% respectively . Acceptance to be low

[103%]”Husband

Objected [32.3%] was the main reason for not accepting post Abomtal

contraception.

Cheng Y . Gnox a study on “ Respect individual abortions and

contraceptives practices among unmarried young women seeking an abortion in

china. Of 4577 unmarried young women seeking an abortion 33.0% reported.

Having had one previous induced abortion. Of those who had more than one

Abortion , only 29.7% used a contraceptives method at their first sexual

intercourse after the procedure and of the 41.3% used the traditional methods of

withdrawal (or) rhythm although 65% of the young women had used condoms

at least once only 9.6% did so consistently and correctly 47.7% of the current

pregnancies were associated with Non use of any contraceptive AND 52.3%

related to contraceptive failure.

Studies Related to Contraceptive Methods :

Aladog N.filiz.M.Topsever P and Apaydin [2006] conducted study on

“satisfaction among women difference users of buried [Male condom] and Non

barrier method users A semi structured questionnaire was used for collecting

data for this cross-Sectional survey 434 currently married women using modem

contraceptive methods participated in the study. About half of the participants

[n=191.44%] were barrier method users barrier II users were significantly more

likely to be satisfied with their contraceptive method of choice[R 2.4%,95% CI-

1.2-5.2]

I Chandhick N.Dhillon Bs . kambo I and Saxena N 2005 conducted a

study on “contraceptive knowledge “ Practices and utilization of services in the

rural areas of India To obtain information from rural women regarding their

contraceptive knowledge, practices and utilization of services, a cross survey of

117,465 eligible women was carried out in the sampled of 28 districts from

among the current contraceptive users all of IUCD , pad acceptors of a

permanent method were interviewed in details . Overall contraceptive

prevalence was 45.2% of which 34.2% had used permanent method almost all

the women [98.8%] were using a contraceptive method with the knowledge of

their husband and had his support for continuing the same.

Takkar N. GrelP. Saha Pk and Dua A. [2005] conducted a study on “

Contraceptive practices and awareness of emergency (or) post wital

contraception 258 women consented for the interview of the 190 married women

154 [8% ,1%] practiced contraception among them [73.3%] were regular users

among the available contraceptive methods condom was the most popular method

in 89 [57.8%] followed by copper in 38 women [24.7%] the use of hormonal

contraception was very low 2.6%

 BUZZLE

DIFFERENT METHODS OF FAMILY PLANNING

Family planning involves the use of all techniques, practices, and medical

devices that help a couple plan their family. It not only helps in deciding the

number of children to have but also when to have and how to space their births.

For more information read on.

METHOD SUCCESS RATE

Copper T intrauterine device 99.2%

Combined oral contraceptives 91%

Patch 91%
Male condom 82%

1. NATURAL METHODS

Abstinence

Calendar method

Basal body temperature

Cervical Mucus

Coitus Interrupts
2. ARTIFICIAL METHODS

Physical Barriers

Condoms

Diaphragm

Implantable rods

Intrauterine device

Birth control sponges

Contraceptive patch

Vaginal ring

Birth Control Pills

Hormonal Methods

Surgical Method

HISTORY AT A GLANCE

The Comstock Law (1873) legally restricted information, services, and

products of contraception to be distributed in the US.

Margaret Sanger challenged the law, and in 1916 opened the first family

planning clinic in NYC.

The American Medical Association adopted birth control as a part of its

curriculum and services in 1937.

NATURAL METHODS

These methods thwart the use of any synthetic or chemical drugs and

devices for family planning. However, to follow this method couples have to be

determined and disciplined.

ABSTINENCE

It simply means refraining from sex during the fertile days of the woman.

This requires knowledge and awareness of a woman’s fertility process.

CALENDAR METHOD

This method requires you to be aware of your menstrual cycle, the day one

of your period is the first day of the cycle. Counting from day 1, mark day 8 in

your calendar and move forward to day 19. The days from day 8 to day 19 are

the most fertile days, hence sexual activities during these days should be

completely avoided. All the other days pose less risk of conceiving.

BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE

Women who have irregular periods can benefit from this method. It

requires a basal thermometer that can record even a slight change in the

temperature. After your periods end, measure your body temperature orally every

morning, at the same time, and record it.

CERVICAL MUSCUS

The color (White, Yellow), consistency (thick, sticky), and feel (dry, wet)

of cervical mucus can help in determining the safe and unsafe days to have sex,

Examine your discharge, and is you notice it to be white, stretchy, or wet, it

indicates your ovulation phase. During this phase sex should be avoided.

Effective %: 75% and less

COITUS INTERRUPTUS

Popularly known as the withdrawal or pull out method, this is another way

of practicing birth control. During sexual intercourse if the man pulls out his pen

is just before ejaculating, he can prevent any sperm from entering the woman’s

vagina. However, this is not a foolproof method, ass the fluid which is secreted

before ejaculation also contains sperms, and are sufficient and are sufficient and

are sufficient to fertilize an ovum.

Effectiveness % 75 -80%

PHYSICAL BARRIERS

This method prevents the sperm from coming in contact with the egg,

which in turn prevents its fertilization. Various products and contraceptive

devices that are available in the market, and are safe to use are mentioned below.
CONDOMS

These are the most commonly used devices to minimize the chances of

pregnancy. Male condoms are used to cover an erect penis during sexual

intercourse. This holds the ejaculate, preventing it from entering the vagina. Now

female condoms are available in the market. These are inserted in the vagina

which is held in position during the intercourse. Along with birth control, a

condom also helps in preventing sexually transmitted diseases like syphilis,

gonorrhea, etc.

Effectiveness %: 76-85%

Possible side effects: Allergic reaction, irritation etc.

IAPHRAGAM

These are dome-shaped cups made of either silicon or latex. These cups

have flexible rims which are inserted into the vagina for blocking the sperms from

uniting with the egg. A spermicide is applied to these cups that reduces the

movement of sperms considerably.

Effectiveness %: 75-85%

Possible side effects: Toxic shock, urinary tract infection, allergy, and irritation.
INTRAUTERINE DEVICE (IUD)

The IUD is a small T-shaped device which is inserted into a woman’s

uterus. It is a convenient, safe, and reversible method which does not require a

daily routine. It is basically of two types, Copper IUD and Hormonal IUD.

Normally once it is inserted, it stays in place for 5 to 10 years, and inhibits the

entry of sperms into the inner recesses of the vagina, and prevents fertilization as

well.

Effectiveness %: 99% and above

Possible side effects: Excessive bleeding, cramps, inflammation of pelvis.

BIRTH CONTROL SPONGES

These are inserted deep into the vagina for effective inhibition of joining

of sperms with an egg. It is a small round-shaped foam that releases spermicide,

restricting the movements of sperms.

Effectiveness %: 75-85%

Possible side effects: Toxic shock, allergic reaction, irritation.

CONTRACEPTIVE PATCH

This is a small, thin trans-dermal patch made of plastic which when placed

on the skin releases estrogen and progestin. These hormones stop ovulation,

hence the egg does not leave the ovaries for fertilization. It also tends to make

the cervical mucus thicker, thus inhibiting sperm motility. It should be placed on

the upper arms, buttocks, thighs, or abdomen. It is usually put on the first day of

periods and kept in place for a week.

Effectiveness %: 90-98%

Possible side effects: Weight gain, dizziness, irregular periods, depression,

mood swings.

VAGINAL RING

It is a contraceptive ring that is inserted into the vagina, It releases certain

hormones that prevent the egg to be released from the ovaries.

Effectiveness %: 90-98%

Possible side effects: Vaginal swelling, allergic reaction, mood swings

blood clots, depression.

BIRTH CONTROL AND EMERGENCY PILLS

Birth control pills, also known as oral contraceptives, stop the development

of the egg. And also helps in the thickening of the cervical mucus in the uterus,

thus restricting the passage of sperms to the egg.

Effectiveness %: 90-98%

Possible side effects: High blood pressure, abdominal pain, irregular

periods, mood swings, depression, weight gain, blood clots, bleeding between

periods.

HORMONAL MEDICAMENT

Hormonal shots are given every three months. This essentially consists of

progestin hormone that blocks the joining of sperms with an egg. It also prevents

the entry of the egg in to the uterus.

Effectiveness %: 90-98%

Possible side effects: Bone density loss (long-term use), weight gain, mood

swings, headache, sore breasts, bleeding between periods.

SURGICAL METHOD

Vasectomy (block the tube carrying sperms) is the procedure for men and

tubectomy or tubal ligation (blocks the fallopian tube that releases the egg into

uterus) for women. It is by far the safest and most effective method of pregnancy

control, through irreversible.

Effectiveness %: 99%
 Possible side effects: Pain, bleeding, and other complications after surgery,

ectopic surgery.

Organize a monthly “planned family” meeting in your locality to discuss

the benefits of birth control for both parents and children.

Invite your local gynecologist to give latest information on contraceptive

methods. Request him/her to use visual aids like medical videos, animated films,

etc. for better understanding.

Involve men in your awareness programs as they play a key role in helping

women choose and decide the best method.

Educate the teens in your locality about STDs, teenage pregnancy, and

simple devices like condoms.

Organize poster making, essay writing competitions to spread awareness in a

healthy competitive spirit.

Khokhar, A and Mehara, M.(2005) conducted a study on “contraceptive

use in women from a resettlement area in Delhi “ out of a total of 206 women

studied 53.9% were adolescents 76% of the subjects had their first child when

they were between 15-19years of age prevalence of contraceptive was 45.1% only

2.9% had used a contraceptive to space the first child significantly higher portion

of women adopted contraception after the birth of first child was being newly

married (53.1%) and for soon after the marriage (22.4%) 30.6% of then had unmet

need to contraception
 Kalkarni , Ms(2005) conducted a study on “women’s exposure to mass

media and use of family planning methods . the exposure to television and News

Paper was positively associated with use of family planning methods. The

multivariate analysis reveals that exposure to television and News Paper about

family planning message significantly increased the use of family planning

methods. The important implication of the study is that government of india must

continue the awareness about the family planning programme in the electronic

and print media with special emphasive on TV- and newspaper.

Alis,Roz s and Mahmood M.A (2004) conducted a study on prevalence and

factors associated with practice of modern contraceptive methods among

currently married women in District Naushahro Feroze. A community based

cross – sectional survey was used an interviewed 420 currently married women

of reproductive age group (15-49)years. The prevalence of modern contraceptive

method was 27.9% final multiple logistic regression analysis showed that with

husband agreement (5.4%; 95% CI 2.2- 13.2) women could go alone to a health

care provider (1.4% 95% CI 1.1-2.41 and women employment status (2.5, 95%

CI 1.2-5.2 ) were significant associated with practice of modern contraceptive

method. Male and Female Education and small group discussion of various

issues related to family planning and reproductive health man be helpful in

creating awareness in the districts.

 CHAPTER –III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The chapter deals with methodology selected by the investigator assess the

knowledge regarding contraceptive device among women between the age of 25-

45 years.

ASSUMPTION

1) Illustrates and those who are studied up to 4th std may have less

knowledge regarding contraceptive methods.

2) Most of the women may have awareness about the contraceptive

method.

RESEARCH APPROACH

The research design adopted for this study was a descriptive study.

SETTING OF THE STUDY

This study was conducted in kalpiravu village, Manamadurai.

This study included all the women’s of kalpiravu village.

SAMPLING POPULATION

Sample comprised of 50 women’s who are residing at kalpiravu village.

 CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF SAMPLE

Inclusion criteria

The women who are residing at the kalpiravu village.

Sampling Technique

The sample was selected by convenient sampling method.

Instrument

The tool was consisting of two sections, A & section B, section A, consists

of demographic data. Section B consists of series of structured questionnaire

related to this study. Section A consists of age, qualification, occupation, number

of children.

Section B consists of structured questionnaire related to this study.

TESTING OF TOOL

Validity

To evaluate content validity was given to expert in nursing profession,

and in the statistical area. One statistician and nursing professor who did master

in nursing were validated the too. These except minor modification and requested

their full co-operation and prompt answer.

Data collection process

An oral permission was obtained from the head of the village and aware of

the nature of study were assumed, part a confidentiality be kept.

The time of data convection has in the investigators explained the purpose

of study to the women .

The investigator has taken permission from the interviewer after the clue

explanation and self introduction of the subject was ensured.

Interview was conducted in their own home setting at Kalpiravu village. Enough

privacy and face to face contact were made to the subject about the confidentiality

of their identify and response.

During interview the investigator was listening, observing the expressions

for getting complete information . After the interview the respondents after for.

Data Gathering Process

The time of data collection was in the month of 3 rd week of March 2013.

The questionnaire which was prepared in Tamil were administered to 50 women

those who are residing at Kalpiravu village. A standardized scale used to assess

the knowledge regarding contraceptive method among women between the age

group of 25-45 years . The data was collected adopting convenient sampling

technique. The investigator familiarized themselves with the respondents and

explained purpose of the study, clarification of their doubts regarding gratitude

for their participation of the study.

 CHAPTER IV

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

It was planned to analyze in frequencies and percentages graphs s and the

table would be presented for knowledge of contraceptive methods among women

kalpiravu village, Manamadurai chi-square method of statistics would be adopted

to find out the significant difference in knowledge of contraceptive methods

among women in village.

 CHAPTER- V

DISCUSSION

The study was proposed to determine the knowledge and attitude of

contraceptive methods among women at kalpiravu. A descriptive research design

was used to conduct the study.

The investigator had taken totally 50 as sample for this study out of 20 staff

from kalpiravu village.

The 1st objectives were to assess the demographic variables they are age

education occupation number of the children.

1st table show that 0% of subjects belong 25-30 years 50%, 31-35years

15%, 41-45years 10%.

According to the education level illiterate 15% primary school 30%, high

school 50% , Graduate and above 5%.

According to the occupational status are house wife 45%, unskilled worker

20%, sallied worker 25%, professional 10%.

According to the number of children only one children 30% two children

20% three children 10%, 4 children 25%, five children15%.

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Distribution of the subjects According to the mother’s age in years

educational level occupational status number of children in the female.

S.NO. AGE IN YEARS NUMBER PERCENTAGE

1 AGE IN YEAR
25 – 30 Years 10 50%
31 – 35 Years 5 25%
36 – 40 Years 3 15%
41 – 45 Years 2 10%
2 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
Illiterate 3 15%
Primary School 6 30%
High School 10 50%
Graduate and Above 1 5%
3 OCCUPATIONAL STATUS
House wife 9 45%
Unskilled Worker 4 20%
Skilled Worker 5 25%
Professional 2 10%
4 NUMBER OF ONE CHILDREN
Only One Child 6 30%
Two Childrens 4 20%
Three Childrens 2 10%
Four Childrens 5 25%
Five Childrens 3 15%
 AGE

LOW MODERATE HIGH

AGE TOTAL (E)
(50) (75) (90)

25-30 Years
0 4 6 10
31-35 Years
0 2 3 5
36-40 Years
0 -- 3 3
41-45 Years
0 -- 2 2
TOTAL
0 6 14 20

AGE
12

10

0
25-30 Years 31-35 Years 36-40 Years 41-45 Years
 EDUCATION LEVEL

LOW MODERATE HIGH TOTAL

EDUCATION
50% 75% 90% (E)
Illiterate 0 -- 3 3
Primary School 0 2 4 6
High School 0 4 6 10
Graduate
0 -- 1 1
and Above
TOTAL 0 6 14 20

EDUCATION LEVEL
12

10

0
Illiterate Primary School High School Graduate
and Above
 OCCUPATIONAL STATUS

Occupational LOW MODERATE HIGH

TOTAL
Status (50%) 75% 90%

House wife 0 4 5 9

Unskilled Worker 0 1 3 4

Skilled worker 0 2 3 5

Professional 0 0 2 2

TOTAL 0 7 13 20

OCCUPATIONAL STATUS
10

0
House wife Unskilled Worker Skilled worker Professional
 NUMBER OF CHILDREN

LOW MODERATE HIGH TOTAL

AGE
50% 75% 90% (E)

Only One Child 0 2 4 6

Two Childrens 0 1 3 4

Three Childrens 0 -- 2 2

Four Children’s 0 2 3 5

Five Children’ 0 1 2 3

TOTAL 0 6 14 20

NUMBER OF CHILDREN
7

0
Only One Child Two Childrens Three Childrens Four Children’s Five Children’
O E O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E

0 0.3 0.3 0.09 0.3

0 0.2 0.2 0.04 0.2
0 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.1
0 0.25 0.25 0.062 0.25
0 0.15 0.15 0.02 0.15

2 1.8 0.2 0.04 0.02

1 1.2 0.2 0.04 0.03
0 0.6 0.6 0.36 0.6
2 1.5 0.5 0.25 0.16
1 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.10

4 4.2 0.2 0.04 0.009

3 2.8 0.2 0.04 0.014
2 1.4 0.6 0.36 0.25
3 3.5 0.5 0.25 0.07
2 2.1 0.5 0.25 0.119
 PART-II
QUESTIONS RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE REGARDING

PERMANENT FAMILY PLANNING METHOD

1) What does contraceptive mean?

a) Prevent pregnancy due to coital act

b) Controlling population growth

c) Fertility inhibition

d) All of the above.

2) What are the types of contraceptive methods?

a) Temporary

b) Permanent

c) All of the above.

3) What are the permanent contraceptive methods?

a) Oral pills, Copper T, Condom

b) Vasectomy, Tubectomy

c) None of the above.

4) What is the source of information about the contraceptive methods?

a) Medias

b) Health professional

c) Relatives friends and family members

d) Al the above.
5) What do you mean by Tubectomy?

a) Cutting of fallopian tube

b) Cutting of vas difference.

c) None of the above.

6) Condom is made by?

a) Rubber

b) Latex

c) Animalstion

d) Any Other

7) What are the advantages of condom?

a) Protects from unwanted pregnancy HIV, AIDS and STDs.

b) Need medical super vision.

c) Had many side effects

d) Highly Expensive.

8) What are the disadvantages of condom?

a) May reduce sexual pleasure

b) Easy to use.

c) Easily available through variety of commercial outlets.

d) Any other.
9) What do you mean by copper T?

a) Intra uterine devices

b) Oral pills

c) Injectables

d) Rhythm method

10) What are the advantages of Copper-T?

a) Does not interfere with sexual intercourse.

b) Can be inserted by our self.

c) Hospitalization required offer insertion

d) Any other.

11) What are the disadvantages of Copper-T?

a) Inter menstrual bleeding on spotting in the first 3 months.

b) If can be removed when pregnancy is desired.

c) High failure rate.

d) Over bleeding through vagina.

12. How to administer the oral pills?

a) Once a day

b) Twice a day

c) Alternative day

d) Weekly once.
13. What is the important advantage of oral pills?

a) No interference with sexual inter course.

b) Easy to use

c) Free of cost

d) Easily accessible.

14) What is the disadvantage of oral pills?

a) Inter menstrual bleeding

b) Improves lactation

c) No premedical examination needed

d) Any Other.

15) What is rhythm method?

a) Having sexual contact during safe period.

b) Avoiding sexual contact during ovulation

c) Any other.

16) When can the rhythm method can be practiced by all the women?

a) 10 days from I part of menstrual

b) 10 days from middle part of menstrual cycle.

c) 10 days from last part of menstrual cycle.

17). Rhythm method is contra indicated?

a) Irregular menstrual cycle

b) Women with urinary infection

c) Regular menstruation.
18) What are the permanent methods of contraception?

a) Vasectomy and Tubectomy

b) Oralpills, condom and IUD

c) Don’t know.

19) What is the permanent contraception method for female?

a) Vasectomy

b) Tubectomy

c) IUD

20) What is the permanent contraception method for male?

a) Tubectomy

b) Vasectomy

c) Condom

21) Permanent method is otherwise called?

a) Spacing method

b) Terminal method

c) None of the above.

22) Male sterilization is otherwise called?

a) Tubectomy

b) Vasectomy

c) None of the above.

23) Tubectomy otherwise called?

a) Vasectomy

b) Tubectomy

c) Female sterilization

d) All the above

24) What are the 3 methods of female sterilization?

a) Traditional tubectomy

b) Mini Lap operation

c) Laparascopy

d) All the above.

25) Female sterilization is performed 1-3 days after delivery it is known as?

a) Post partum sterilization

b) Permanent method

c) Male sterilization

d) None of the above.

 PART-II

QUESTIONS RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE REGARDING

PERMANENT FAMILY PLANNING METHOD.

1) FLk;g fl;Lg;ghL vd;why; vd;d?

m) fh;g;gk; jtph;j;jiy jLj;jy;

M) kf;fs; njhif ngUf;fj;ij jtph;j;jy;

,) Foe;ij cUthjiy jLj;jy;

<) Nkw;fz;lit midj;Jk;

2) FLk;g fl;Lg;ghl;bd; tiffs; vj;;jid? mit ahit?

m) FWfpa fhyk;

M) ePz;l fhyk; (epue;juk;)

,) Nkw;fz;l midj;Jk;

3) epue;ju FLk;g fl;Lg;ghL Kiwfs; vOJf?

m) khj;jpiu> fhg;gh;–b> ciw

M) tpe;Jehsj;ij Jz;bj;jy;> fh;g;gf; Foha; thapid Jz;bj;jy;

,) Nkw;fz;lit midj;Jk;

4) FLk;g fl;L;ghL Kiwfis njhpe;J nfhs;Sk; Kiwfs; vd;d vd;d?

m) njhiyf;fhl;rp kw;Wk; thndhyp %yk;

M) ey tho;T ikaq;fs;

,) cwtpdh;fs; kw;Wk; ez;gh;fs; %yk;

 <) Nkw;fz;lit midj;Jk;

5) ngz; FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghL vd;why; vd;d?

m) fh;;;;;;g;gg;ig Foha; thapid Jz;bj;jy;

M) tpe;J ehsf; Fohia Jz;bj;jy;

,) Nkw;fz;lit midj;Jk;

6) ciw vjhdy; MdJ?

m) ug;gh;

M) tpyq;Ffspd; Njhy;

,) kw;witfs;

7) fh;g;gj;jil ciwapd; ed;ikfs; ahit?

m)cly; cwTNeha;fs; (va;l;];>n`r;Itp) kw;Wk; njhlh;e;J fUTUjiy jLj;jy;

M) kUj;Jt Njitfs;

,) mjpf gpd; tpisTfs;

<) mjpf tpiy

8) fh;g;gj;jil ciwapd; Fiwfs; vd;d?

m) cly; cwtpd;ikia Fiwj;jy;

M) vspjhf gad;gLj;Jjy;

,) vspjhd Kiwapy; fpilf;Fk;

9) fhg;gh;-b vd;why; vd;d?

m) fh;g;gg;ig Foha; thapid %Ljy;

M) khj;jpiufs;
 ,) Crpfs;

10) fhg;gh;-b-apd; ed;ikfs; vd;d?

m) cly; cwTfisj; jLj;jy;

M) jhdhfNt cgNahfpf;f KbAk;

,) kUj;Jtkidf;F nrd;W cl;nrYj;Jjy;

,) kw;witfs;.

11) fhg;gh;-b-apd; Fiwfs; vd;d?

m) %d;W khjq;fSf;F khjtplha; uj;jg; Nghf;F mjpfhpf;Fk;

M) fUj;jhpj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;why; ,ij mfw;w KbAk;

,) mjpf Njhy;tpfs;

<) mjpf uj;jg; Nghf;F

12) khj;jpiufs; cgNahfpf;Fk; Kiw?

m) xU ehisf;F xU Kiw

M) xU ehisf;F ,U Kiw

,) xU ehs; tpl;L xU ehs;

<) thuj;jpw;F xUKiw.

13) khj;jpiufspd; Kf;fpakhd ed;ikfs; vd;d?

m) cly; cwTfis jLj;jy; M) vspjpy; cgNahfpj;jy;

,) ,ytrkhf fpilf;f $baJ.

<) vspjpy; fpilf;f $baJ.

14) khj;jpiufspd; tpisTfs; vd;d?

m) FWfpa fhy khjtplha;

M) ghy; Ruj;jiy mjpfhpj;jy;

,) kUj;Jt Ma;Tfs; Njitapy;iy

<) kw;witfs;

15) rPuhd Kiwfs; vd;why; vd;d?

m) ghJfhg;G Neuj;jpy; clYwT itj;jy;

M) fUKl;il tsh;r;rp fhyj;jpy; clYwit jLj;jy;

,) kw;witfs;

16) vy;yh ngz;fSk; rPuhd Kiwfis gad;gLj;JtJ vg;gb?

m) Kjy; 10 ehl;fs; khjtplha; Row;rp

M) khjtplha; Row;r;rpapd; ,ilapy; 10 ehs;fs;

,) khjtplha; Row;r;rpapd; filrp 10 ehl;fs;

17) rPuhd Kiwapy; gadw;wit vit?

m) rPuw;w khjtplha; Row;r;rp

M) ngz;zpd; rpWePuf cWg;G Neha;fs;

,) rPuhd khjtplha;

18) epue;ju fUj;jil Kiw vd;why; vd;d?

m) thnrf;lkp kw;Wk; ba+ngf;lkp

M) khj;jpiufs; kw;Wk; ciw

,) vJTk; ,y;iy
19) ngz;fspd; epuj;ju fUj;jil Kiw vit?

m) thnrf;lkp

m) ba+ngf;lkp

,) fh;gg;ig fUj;jil Kiwfs;

20) Mz;fspd; epue;ju fUj;jil Kiw vit?

m) ba+ngf;lkp

M) thnrf;lkp

,) ciw

21) epue;ju fUj;jil Kiwapd; kw;nwhU ngah; vd;d?

m) ,ilntsp Kiw

M) epue;ju Kiw

,) ,jpy; vJkpy;iy

22) Mz; fUj;jilapd; kw;nwhU ngah; vd;d?

m) thnrf;lkp

M) ba+ngf;lkp

,) ,jpy; vJTkpy;iy

23) ba+ngf;lkpapd; kw;nwhU ngah; vd;d?

m) thnrf;lkp

M) ngz;fs; fUj;jil Kiw

,) Nkw;fz;lit midj;Jk;

24) ngz;fs; fUj;jil %d;W Kiwfs; vit?

 m) goq;fhy ngz;fs; fUj;jil Kiw

M) ba+ngf;nlkp

,) Nkw;fz;lit midj;Jk;

25) Foe;ij gpwe;j xd;W Kjy; %d;W ehl;fSf;F gpwF ngz;fs; fUj;jil Kiwfs; vg;gb

miof;fg;gLk;?

m) NgU fhyk; Kbe;j gpd;G fUj;jil nra;jy;

M) epue;ju Kiw

,) Mz;fs; fUj;jil Kiw

<) ,it vJTk; ,y;iy

CHAPTER-IV

SUMMARY

OVERVIEW

The chapter sums up the major finding of the study. In the light of

the finding of the present study few suggestions are also made at the end of the

chapter.

TITLE OF THE STUDY

The present study is entitled as “A Descriptive Study to assess the

level of knowledge and attitude regarding permanent Family Planning Method

among eligible couple at Kalpiravu Village”

OBJECTIVES

The objective of present study are, to assess the knowledge of mid

day meal programme in among mothers. To find out the difference of knowledge

of mid day meal programme among illiterate and illiterate mothers in Kalpiravu.

To find out the difference between knowledge of mid day meal programme of

mothers those who are all having under five year Children the variables age of

mothers. Mothers Education and occupation and number of children.

MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

Major findings of the study are sum married as follow of subjects are

between 25-30 years 50% of subjects are High School 1 HSC 50% of subjects are

house wife.

CHAPTER-V

CONCLUSION

Any research study will be fruitful only if the finding can be practical in

real situation. So, the finding of present study revealed that the knowledge if mid

day meal programme is moderate among the mothers those who are having 5

children at Kalpiravu village which showed a percentage of 37.5.

In this study 20 samples were taken. This study was to assess the

knowledge of mid day meal programme among the mother those who are having

under five years of Children at Kalpiravu Village Manamadurai.

The study exhibits that most of the mothers are having moderate midday meals

programme.
 Mid-day meal is important for mothers those are all having under five years

Children.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Similar type of study can be conducted in large sampling.

This study can be conducted in different type of settings.

Experimental study can be done with study teaching programme.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

“B Sridhar RAO” the text book of “Community Health Nursing” Published

by “AJTBS Publisher.

“G.N. Prabhakara” the text book of “Community Health Nursing”

Published by “Peepee Publishers”

“K.Park” the text book of “Essentials of community Health Nursing”

Published by “M/S. Banarsidas Bhanot”

“K. Park” the text book of “preventive and Social Medicine” Published by

“M/S. Banarsidas Bhanot”

“Myles” the text book of “Midwives” in fifteenth edition, Published by

“Elsevier”

adolescent pregnancy and post partum utilization of contraceptive method,

across sectional study was conducted among 220 women between 13 & 19 years

of age. Among all adolescent mothers 91.3% were Familiar with “the pills” as a

contraceptive method. 84.72.1% know about the IUID 63.68% knew about the
condom. However only 35% of them were actually using an effective

contraceptive method six weeks after delivery.

Eve Espey, Tony ogburn, David Espey and virgil Etsity [2003] conducted

a study on IUD related knowledge, attitudes and practice among Navajo Area”

Indian health service providers, providers, providers knowledge about the IUCD

was generally good. The majority of all respondents gave correct answers to

Factors questions about the effectiveness of the TW 380A [67% and its duration

of effectiveness (64%)

B) STUDIES RELATED TO ATTITUDE REGARDING

CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS:

Anjali S. Kumar [2004] conducted a study on “ Attecedents” of voluntary

surgical sterilization among poor women in Tamil Nadu Urban Vs rural areas”

Data from this survey of 169 Indian Urban and rural women domonstrates poor

women chose sterilization more for personal and socio-economic reason (low

income poor health and living conditions) than for lack of awarness of other

contraceptives urban women were significantly more likely to have tried one (or)

more Forms of available contraceptives while rural women were! significantly

more likely to be unaware of other available methods [P < 0.001]

 Literacy was significantly associated with contraceptive use in both urban

and rural groups [P<0.01] At least one child of each sex was desired. A need for

improvement of leteracy, health education programme and enhanced family

planning service for rural women was evident.

Dhilloon S. Chanhiok M. Kambo I and saxena NC [11th November, 2004]

conducted a study on “Induced abortion and concurrent adoption of contraception

in the rural areas of India.

The aim od the study to assess attitude, behaviour practices and utilization

of services by rural women for induced abortion and concurrent acceptance of

contraception cross sectional survey of eligible married women in 13 status in

India over one year a total of 1851 women who had on MTP during the previous

3 years were interviewed .

The man reason for seeking abortion was “don’t need any more children”

42% and in 12.4% they specifically mentioned that they don’t need any more

daughters”. Around 46% of women accessed abortion services from private

clinics as compared to government hospital [37.1%] and PHC & CHC [14.0%] .

The decision to terminate the pregnancy and place of abortion was made

by the husband in 42.8% and 52.2% respectively . Regret for abortion was

expressed by 29.67 of the women. Nearly half of the women undergoing abortion

accepted a family planning method concurrently of these. IUCD/Oral

contraceptives and a permanent method was adopted by 37.2% and 49.1%

respectively.
 Acceptance of vasectomy by male partner was found to be low (q.3%)

“Husband objected (32.3%) was the main reason for not accepting post abortal

contraception.

Cheng Y Gnopx Liy, Lis, Qu and kang B (2004) conducted a study

on ‘ Repeat induced abortions and contraceptives practices among unmarried

young women seeking an abortion in China of 45%. Unmarried young women

seeking an abortion 33.0.1 reported.