Biology Paper 1 TZ2 HL
Biology Paper 1 TZ2 HL
Biology Paper 1 TZ2 HL
Biology
Higher level
Paper 1
1 hour
Instructions to candidates
• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
• Answer all the questions.
• For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on
the answer sheet provided.
• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [40 marks].
2217 – 6013
21 pages © International Baccalaureate Organization 2017
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1. The giant alga Acetabularia has a feature that suggests it is an exception to the cell theory.
What feature is this?
A. It lacks a nucleus.
× 4500
A. Cytoplasm
B. Mitochondrion
C. Nucleus
D. Chloroplast
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Lumen
Vesicles
Nucleus
× 390 000
[Source: Meschner AL, Junqueira’s Basic Histology: Text and Atlas, 12th edition.
Copyright McGrawHill Education.]
A. To transport hormones between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus
D. To digest cellulose
Turn over
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OH
H H
OH
6. The diagram shows a cycle of reactions that occurs in human liver cells.
Arginine Urea
Ornithine
NH+4
CO2
NH+4
Citrulline
A. Oxidation
B. Catabolism
C. Condensation
D. Metabolism
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H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
O
H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
OH
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
A. It is monounsaturated.
B. It is polyunsaturated.
C. It is saturated.
D. It is a trans-fatty acid.
Turn over
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9. Scientists have heated a solution containing the protein albumin and measured its relative
alpha helix content, shown on the graph.
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
Relative alpha helix content
/ arbitrary units 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Temperature / °C
[Source: adapted from R Wetzel, et al., (1980), European Journal of Biochemistry, 104 (2), Wiley, page 471]
10. The fungus Rhytisma grows on the leaves of certain trees, causing a yellow leaf area in which
chlorophyll is no longer present. A black, tar-like stain later spreads out.
Yellow leaf
area
covered by
black stain
Rhytisma
stains
10 cm
A. I only
B. II only
D. I, II and III
Turn over
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11. This image is taken from a visualization of a eukaryotic ribosome. The arrows show the direction
of movement of mRNA. Which letter represents a tRNA exiting from the E site?
D.
A.
C.
B. Direction of movement
[Source: Adapted from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory DNA Learning Center (www.dnalc.org)]
I. tRNA activation
II. Transcription regulation
III. DNA supercoiling
A. I only
B. II only
D. I, II and III
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13. Which technological advance enabled Calvin to perform his lollipop experiment on the
light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in 1949?
C. Methods for changing the wavelength of light shining on the alga Scenedesmus contained in
the lollipop
CO2
NAD +
NADH
Five carbon (C5 ) + H+
compound
What explains that this reaction enables energy to be converted into a usable form?
A. The oxidized NAD+ will transfer the energy from the C6 compound to ATP.
B. The chemical energy stored in the C6 compound is used to reduce NAD+ allowing
ATP production.
D. The C6 compound is reduced and the energy resulting from the removal of one carbon is
used to oxidize NAD+.
Turn over
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B. An allele is shorter.
A. It doubles in mitosis.
18. The diagram shows a pedigree of cystic fibrosis, in which the black colour indicates the presence
of cystic fibrosis.
What is the probability that the individual labelled X is a carrier of cystic fibrosis?
A. 1.00
B. 0.50
C. 0.25
D. 0.00
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19. The genetic determination of dogs’ coats can be quite complex, with many different genes acting at
the same time.
• The dominant allele E gives brown tones. The recessive allele e results in red tones.
• The colour intensity is due to another gene. The dominant allele B gives a dark colour,
whereas the recessive allele b results in a light colour.
What would be the genotype of a light brown dog produced from a cross between a dark brown dog
and a light red dog?
A. EEbb
B. EeBb
C. eeBb
D. Eebb
20. The graph shows variations in beak size for the bird Geospiza fortis on an island in the
Galápagos archipelago.
25
20
15
Number of birds
10
0
– 2.25
– 1.50
– 0.75
0.00
0.75
1.50
2.25
[Source: adapted from A P Hendry et al. (2006) Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 273, page 1890,
by permission of the Royal Society.]
What evidence from the graph indicates that disruptive selection is occurring?
Turn over
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C. Starch obtained from genetically modified plants will be more difficult to digest.
Water Section B
Section A
Which calculation would test for the association between two species of plants from quadrat data
from section A and section B of the field?
A. Correlation coefficient
C. Standard deviation
D. Chi-squared
A. I and II only
D. I, II and III
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A. Their higher concentration absorbs more long wave radiation coming from the Sun.
B. Short wave radiation emitted from the Earth’s surface increases with their concentration.
C. They absorb higher amounts of long wave radiation emitted from the Earth’s surface as their
concentration increases.
D. They absorb higher amounts of short wave radiation caused by increased combustion of
fossilized organic matter.
25. The graph shows the song duration of birds from the genus Phylloscopus sampled from west to
east throughout Northern Europe and Northern Asia.
5
4
Song duration / 3
seconds 2
1
0
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
West East
Sampling locations
[Source: adapted from D E Irwin, (2000), Evolution, 54 (3), Wiley, page 1006]
A. Gradual divergence
B. Adaptive radiation
C. Interbreeding populations
D. Punctuated equilibrium
Turn over
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Procyon lotor
Procyon pygmaeus
Bassariscus astutus
Bassariscus sumichrasti
Nasua narica
Procyon lotor Potos flavus
What would justify classifying these organisms into four different genera?
A. Vascular tissue
B. Membranous leaves
C. Release of spores
D. Evergreen spines
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Flowers
1 m
Which characteristic of the plants indicates that the area in which they are growing is probably dry?
B. Small flowers
Turn over
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A. Small intestine with a thick layer of longitudinal muscles surrounded by a thin layer of circular
muscles
B. A primary xylem cell with a thick cellulose cell wall in the stem of a plant
C. A phloem sieve tube in the root of a plant with a companion cell in the lower left corner
Process Example
B. fertilization a nucleus from the pollen grain fuses with a nucleus in the ovule
D. pollination seeds are blown from a flower onto another one by the wind
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A. Mouth
B. Esophagus
C. Stomach
D. Small intestine
I. Villi
II. Pancreas
III. Small intestine
A. I only
B. I and II only
D. I, II and III
Turn over
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33. The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive system.
The graph shows the percentage of samples in which this bacterium showed resistance to six
antibiotics over a period of ten years.
40
35 Antibiotic
30 I
II
Percentage of 25
III
bacteria showing 20 IV
resistance
/% 15
10
5
V
0 VI
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
What is a possible explanation for the total percentage resistance being larger than 100 % in 2010?
34. The graph shows the ventilation rate and the oxygen consumption of a subject before, during and
after a period of exercise.
Exercise
1400
1200
1000
800 Oxygen consumption
24 600 / ml min – 1
Ventilation rate 16 400
/ litres min – 1 8 200
0 0
0 12 24 36 48 60 72
Time / min
[Source: adapted from W E Huckabee (1958) The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 37 (2), page 256.
Republished with permission of American Society for Clinical Investigation,
permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.]
Which could be a reason for the oxygen consumption to remain high for some time after the end of
the period of exercise?
D. More ATP is necessary for cross bridge formation while muscles cool down.
Turn over
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38. The graph shows the daily amount of the residue of a drug in the wastewater of a hospital.
6
5
4
Drug residue
3
/ g day – 1
2
1
0
y
ay
ay
Friday
ay
y
Monda
Tuesda
Sunda
sd
Thursd
Saturd
Wedne
A. HCG
B. Estrogen
C. ADH
D. Progesterone