BEHAVIOURISME THEORY

Operant conditioning

WAN NOR AZLINA BINTI WAN ABDULLAH

MHP221019
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Alisa was able to solve the Chemistry question well. He got
high marks. The teacher praised Alisa in front of her
classmates. Alisa is having fun. As a result, Alisa always
pays attention and tries to solve chemistry problems well.
Finally, she loves Chemistry subject.

What can you conclude about Alisa?

What made Alisa interested in Chemistry

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 Operant Conditioning Theory E.L.Thorndike (1874-1949)

• Operant conditioning is a form of learning

that involves the results or effects of
previous behavior, resulting in a new
behavior.
• Also known as Instrumental Conditioning

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 Operant Conditioning Theory

Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning

Theory E.L.Thorndike Theory B.F.Skinner
(1874-1949) (1904-1990)

4 Behaviourisme 2022
Operant Conditioning Theory E.L.Thorndike (1874-1949)

• The study of animal behavior

• Psychology instructor at Teachers
College, University of Colombia.
• Learning process: connectionism.
• The relationship between the stimulus
and the response will be stronger if the
behavioral effect is enjoyable or
satisfying.
• Example: a study of how cats learn to
get out of captivity shows the intended
relationship
STIMULUS

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 Think about it, if the cat in the cage, a whole
cat, has weak senses and physical ability,
what are the possibilities that will happen?

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 Thorndike's laws of learning

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 LAW OF RECENCY
* Individualsneed to be recency to allow action or reaction to occur.
* Recency to study:
i) Cognitive readiness (knowledge/experience)
. ii) Affective readiness (tendency and interest)
iii) Psychomotor readiness (physical skills)
*The law of recency leads to the achievement of learning goals.

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 According to Thorndike, interference/obstacles to goal
achievement will result in annoyance and frustration.

A) If the individual is ready to act, guided, and helped, the effect

is very satisfying.

B) If the individual is ready to act but is prevented, the effect is

disappointing

C) If the individual is not ready to act but is forced, the effect is

disappointing.

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 CONCLUSION
1. The teacher must ensure students have
the preparation to start a topic or learning
activity.
2. Students will be able to follow learning
well and will achieve success if anything
known is in line with their ability.

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 LAW OF EXERCISE
*
1. The relationship between STIMULUS and
RESPONSE will be strengthened with repetition
and practice that is abundant and varied.

2. the relationship between the STIMULUS and

the Response will be weak if it is not used, i.e.,
no repetition and training

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 LAW OF EXERCISE
*

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 conclusion
*

Training in various forms and varied

stimulation, repetition, drill, and application
of knowledge and skills learned in other
situations should be made more often to
guarantee the continuity of learning.

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 LAW OF EFFECT
*

1. Behavior that is followed by positive

results/effects will be stronger

2. Behavior that is followed by negative effects

will be weakened

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 conclusion
1.Teachers should provide a learning
atmosphere that can lead to a feeling of
success.
2. if the student can master the learning or get
praise, the student will be satisfied and happy.
Make students work harder to continue to
succeed.

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 Operant Conditioning Theory B.F.Skinner
(1904-1990)

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 Operant Conditioning Theory B.F.Skinner (1904-1990)

• American psychologist, a pioneer in the

field of operant conditioning studies.

• His doctorate (Ph.D.) in psychology from

Harvard University (1938)

• Published a book called Behavior of

Organisms.

• Famous for his studies on rats using the

SKINNER BOX

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 Skinner Box ” where
the behavior of the
animals in the box can
be controlled, and
their reactions can be
observed and
recorded/measured.

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 Skinner Experiment

Rat stop from press

A hungry rat is The food the button
placed in a grains came
box equipped out because
with a presser the mouse
stepped on
on the wall. the press

Rats running
Skinner then
back and The same disconnected
forth hungry process
repeats until the food from
the mouse will the presser
step on the causing the food
press to get to no longer
food come out
 Summary of experiments in the Skinner Box
Early behavior Action Effect of action Technique Behavioral effects
Random Pressed the switch button Food is out Reinforcement continued
Comman Pressing the switch button Food is out continued
Reinforcement

Comman Pressing the toggle switch - Food is out

Positive Reinforcement continued
the light is on
Comman Pressing the toggle switch Food does not come Not continued
Negative Reinforcement
– the light doesn't turn on out
Comman Pressing the electric-shock Food does not come Punishment Not continued
switch tu out

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 Skinner Experiment
Behavioral
effects

Reinforcement Punishment

Withdraw
Positive Negative
/remove

Give /
worship

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 Positive reinforcement
BEHAVIOR

Students ask questions well

EFFECTS/CONSEQUENCES

The teacher praises the students

FUTURE BEHAVIOR

Students ask more good questions

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 Negative reinforcement
BEHAVIOR

Students do not complete assignments on time

EFFECTS/CONSEQUENCES

Teacher reprimands

FUTURE BEHAVIOR

Students will complete the next assignment and submit it on time

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 Punishment
Punishment is a process or procedure to
weaken or reduce the recurrence of unwanted
behavior.
Punishment is adverse effects that lead to a
reduction in the frequency of the behavior.

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 PUNISHMENT
BEHAVIOR

Students make noise in the class

EFFECTS/CONSEQUENCES

The teacher warns the students.

FUTURE BEHAVIOR

Students stop making noise in class

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 The type of punishment

Positive punishment Negative punishment

It occurs when a stimulus causes a They are related to stimulus removal.
change in the student's behavior. This For example, parents or teachers do not
form of punishment does not involve provide facilities when a student
physical activity but can scare students. misbehaves. For example, imposing an
For example, field running, demerit expulsion penalty is like not allowing
system, teachers giving extra work them to watch television for a week
because they did not do their Math's
homework.

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 Compare the different views of behaviorism
theorists E.L.Thorndike & B.F.Skinner
THINGS E.L.THORNDIKE B.F.SKINNER
My opinion is that Learning to try and succeed is important Responses can be reinforces (repeated) or eliminated (not
repeated),if reinforcement is given as soon as the response is
shown.
The results of his Learning can be successful through trial Reactions obtained as a result of stimulation must be reinforced to
study and error form conditioning. Skinner introduced 2 categories of reinforcement,
e. i +ve & -ve reinforcement.2 types of punishment were introduced,
namely the punishment of giving (offering) and the punishment of
withdrawing (removal)
Experiments Law of recency 5 types of processes
involving Law of exercise • Positive reinforcement
process/law Law of effect • Negative reinforcement
• Punishment
• Premack principle
• Disposal
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Thank you
QUIZ

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