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    Operant conditioning refers to learning through reinforcement and punishment of behaviors. B.F. Skinner conducted experiments using a Skinner box, where rats learned that pressing a lever resulted in food reward. There are four types of conditioning: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. Skinner's work with operant conditioning had implications for behavior modification and the development of teaching machines in education.

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    Robertpresentation

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    mariellamahilum2003
    22 views11 pages
    Operant conditioning refers to learning through reinforcement and punishment of behaviors. B.F. Skinner conducted experiments using a Skinner box, where rats learned that pressing a lever resulted in food reward. There are four types of conditioning: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. Skinner's work with operant conditioning had implications for behavior modification and the development of teaching machines in education.

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    Operant conditioning refers to learning through reinforcement and punishment of behaviors. B.F. Skinner conducted experiments using a Skinner box, where rats learned that pressing a lever resulted in food reward. There are four types of conditioning: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. Skinner's work with operant conditioning had implications for behavior modification and the development of teaching machines in education.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views11 pages

    Robertpresentation

    Uploaded by

    mariellamahilum2003
    Operant conditioning refers to learning through reinforcement and punishment of behaviors. B.F. Skinner conducted experiments using a Skinner box, where rats learned that pressing a lever resulted in food reward. There are four types of conditioning: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. Skinner's work with operant conditioning had implications for behavior modification and the development of teaching machines in education.

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    of 11

    OPERANT CONDITIONING

    BY
    B.F. SKINNER
    We will Learn:

     What is Operant conditioning?


     Skinner’s experiment/ the skinner box
     Types of reinforcement
    Education Implications
    This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

    BURRHUS FREDERIC SKINNER( BORN MARCH 20, 1904 IN SUSQUEHANNA,


    PENNSYLVANIA, U.S – DIED AUGUST 18, 1990, CAMBRIDGE ,
    MASSACHUSSETES)
    American psychologist and an influential exponent of behaviorism, which views human
    behavior in terms of responses to environment stimuli and favours the controlled,
    scientific study of responses as the most direct means of elucidating human nature.
    Background study:

     B.F Skinner is the Father of Operant


    Conditioning
     Skinner began series of experiment to find
    consequences of reward in repeating and
    maintaining behavior and added “ Reinforcement”
    to the law of effect.
    What is Operant Conditioning?

     Refers to learning process whereby an action/ behavior is made


    more probable or more frequent by reinforcement.
     Principle; if an action/behavior has pleasant consequence it is
    more likely to be repeated. But if an action/behavior has
    unpleasant consequences it is less likely to be repeated.
     Behavior/ action which is reinforced tends to be repeated and
    strengthened but behavior is not reinforced tends to die out and
    weakened.
    SKINNERS EXPERIMENT/ SKINNER BOX

    o He designed apparatus known as skinner box


    o Experiment done with Rats
    o A soundproof box consisting of grid floor, a lever, food cup,
    and a system of light or sound produced at the time of food
    delivery.
    HOW WAS IT ARRANGED?

     When a hungry rat pressed the lever, the feeder mechanism gets activated, then a
    light or special sound will produced and food comes out of it into food cup.
    The lever was also connected with recording system that produces graphical tracing
    of the lever pressed.
    TYPES OF REINFORCEMENT
    1. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
    - A behavior or response strengthened by rewards leading to the repetition of
    desired behavior.
    Ex. Rat pressing lever and getting food as a reward.
    Ex. I really appreciate you for doing your homework.

    2. NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
    - Termination or removal of an unpleasant situation by doing an action.
    Ex. Rat learning to press lever to remove turn off electric current.
    Ex. No homework today for actively participating in classroom activity.
    3. PUNISHMENT
    - Opposite of reinforcement. It is adding something negative to discourage
    undesirable behavior whereas negative reinforcement is removing something
    negative to encourage desirable outcome.
    Ex. Spanking a child.
    *POSITIVE PUNISHMENT
    -Involves adding an aversive consequence after an undesired behavior is
    emitted to decrease future responses.
    Ex. Adding more chores to the list when your child neglects their responsibilities.
    *NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT
    - You remove a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior.
    Ex. When a child misbehaves, a parent can take away a favorite toy.
    OPERANT CONDITIONING

    This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC


    EDUCATION IMPLICATIONS

    1. BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
    2. ADVOCATE THE AVOIDANCE OF PUNISHMENT
    3. CONTRIBUTED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING
    MACHINES AND PROGRAMMED LEARNING.

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