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    ADP ATP Cycle

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    IromeVan Paburian
    The document discusses the ATP-ADP cycle and how cells generate and use energy. It explains that: 1) Cells derive energy from breaking down food molecules through cellular respiration, which converts ADP to ATP through mitochondrial activity. 2) ATP temporarily stores energy in chemical bonds and provides energy for cellular reactions by hydrolyzing into ADP and a phosphate group. 3) Energy transforming reactions are inefficient as heat is lost at each step, increasing entropy, but ATP regeneration coupled to exergonic reactions allows cells to do work.

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    ADP ATP Cycle

    Uploaded by

    IromeVan Paburian
    82 views24 pages
    The document discusses the ATP-ADP cycle and how cells generate and use energy. It explains that: 1) Cells derive energy from breaking down food molecules through cellular respiration, which converts ADP to ATP through mitochondrial activity. 2) ATP temporarily stores energy in chemical bonds and provides energy for cellular reactions by hydrolyzing into ADP and a phosphate group. 3) Energy transforming reactions are inefficient as heat is lost at each step, increasing entropy, but ATP regeneration coupled to exergonic reactions allows cells to do work.

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    ADP-ATP-Cycle

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    The document discusses the ATP-ADP cycle and how cells generate and use energy. It explains that: 1) Cells derive energy from breaking down food molecules through cellular respiration, which converts ADP to ATP through mitochondrial activity. 2) ATP temporarily stores energy in chemical bonds and provides energy for cellular reactions by hydrolyzing into ADP and a phosphate group. 3) Energy transforming reactions are inefficient as heat is lost at each step, increasing entropy, but ATP regeneration coupled to exergonic reactions allows cells to do work.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    82 views24 pages

    ADP ATP Cycle

    Uploaded by

    IromeVan Paburian
    The document discusses the ATP-ADP cycle and how cells generate and use energy. It explains that: 1) Cells derive energy from breaking down food molecules through cellular respiration, which converts ADP to ATP through mitochondrial activity. 2) ATP temporarily stores energy in chemical bonds and provides energy for cellular reactions by hydrolyzing into ADP and a phosphate group. 3) Energy transforming reactions are inefficient as heat is lost at each step, increasing entropy, but ATP regeneration coupled to exergonic reactions allows cells to do work.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24

    ATP-ADP CYCLE

    ■ All life on Earth depends on the flow of energy through


    ecosystems
    ■ Ultimately, all energy on earth comes from the SUN
    Autotrophs Heterotrophs
    Make their own food CANNOT make own food…
    with light – phototrophs they get their energy from
    with chemicals -- chemotrophs the food they eat
    Where do our cells get energy?
    ► From food we eat
    ► We measure the energy content of food in calories.
    ► Certain reactions break down these molecules to release
    energy.

    But what is energy?


    Energy is the ability to do
    work—to move matter.
    Energy Has Different Forms

    High potential energy

    High kinetic energy


    Energy Is Converted from One Form to Another

    Energy changes form


    within the biological
    system.
    But energy is never
    created or destroyed.
    Energy Transformations Are Inefficient

    Notice that heat energy is


    lost at each step. Heat
    energy is disordered and
    cannot be converted back to
    a useful form of energy.
    Energy Transformations Are Inefficient
    Entropy is a measure of the
    randomness, or disorder, of
    the universe.
    Since heat energy is
    constantly being lost to the
    universe, and heat energy
    is disordered, the entropy
    of the universe is
    increasing.
    Networks of Chemical Reactions
    Sustain Life
    Building complex molecules
    out of simple parts

    Metabolism includes all chemical


    reactions in cells, including those
    that build new molecules and
    those that break down existing
    Breaking complex molecules
    molecules. into simple parts
    Chemical Reactions Absorb or Release Energy
    Chemical reactions may
    require energy input or
    release energy.

    Energy requiring
    reaction: photosynthesis

    Energy releasing reaction:


    cellular respiration
    ► Can’t use energy directly from food
    ► Need to store it and release it gradually.
    ► Store it in molecules of ATP.

    ATP Is Cellular Energy Currency

    Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)


    is a nucleotide that
    temporarily stores energy.
    ATP Is Cellular Energy Currency
    All cells rely on the potential energy stored in
    ATP to power chemical reactions.
    Bond with high
    potential energy
    Removing the endmost phosphate group
    by hydrolysis releases the potential energy
    stored in ATP.
    The cell uses this energy to do work.
    ATP must then be reformed. Mitochondria release
    energy from food, producing ATP from ADP.
    ATP synthesis is coupled with energy-releasing reactions.
    ATP hydrolysis is coupled with energy-requiring reactions.
    ATP Hydrolysis Is Coupled with
    Energy-Requiring Reactions
    ATP Hydrolysis Is Coupled with
    Energy-Requiring Reactions
    How Do We Get Energy from ATP?
    By breaking the high- energy bonds between the
    last two phosphates in ATP through hydrolysis
    When one phosphate group is
    removed by breaking a
    phosphoanhydride bond in a
    process called hydrolysis, energy
    is released, and ATP is converted
    to adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
    How is ATP Re-Made?
    The reverse of the previous process occurs.

    ATP Synthase
    Is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the
    energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate
    (ATP) using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and
    inorganic phosphate (Pi).

    The overall reaction catalyzed by ATP


    synthase is:

    ADP + Pi + 3H+out ⇌ ATP + H2O + 3H


    •ATP is broken down

    • cells power ATP generation by coupling to exergonic reactions


    Metabolism Two Types of Chemical Reactions:
    1) Exergonic = releases energy
    Metabolic reactions:
    2) Endergonic = requires energy
    • Chemical reactions in organism
    Anabolic = build up
    Two Types of Metabolic Reactions: Endergonic = requires energy

    Catabolic = break down


    Exergonic = release energy
    What type of energy is stored in a covalent bond?

    A. Kinetic energy
    B. Diffused energy
    C. Heat energy
    D. Potential energy
    E. Conventional energy
    Making ATP from ADP + Pi is…

    A. Exergonic because it releases energy


    B. Endergonic because it requires energy
    C. Exergonic because it requires energy
    D. Endergonic because it releases energy
    Self-Check

    Reaction Exergonic or Endergonic?

    Breaking down starches to sugars

    Building proteins

    Digesting Fats
    Activity
    Form a group of five students and make a
    concept map of your understanding of the ATP-
    ADP Cycle (sample on the right).

    Put some phrases on each stage for brief


    explanation.

    Also, differentiate endergonic from exergonic


    reaction.

    You can make it in MS Word, then save it as PDF.

    A submission bin will be opened, pls submit it


    there and not through a course message. Only 1
    student per group will submit. Due next week J

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