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    Arabic Alphabet

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    Nicole
    The document provides information on the four writing forms of Arabic letters: when the letter is written by itself, at the beginning of a word, in the middle of a word, and at the end of a word. It discusses the specific forms of individual letters such as hamza, aleph, laam, etc. under each of the four categories. For example, it states that hamza is written as ‫ء‬ by itself, ‫أ‬ on top of an aleph, ‫إ‬ underneath an aleph, ‫ؤ‬ on top of a waw, and ‫ئ‬ on top of a yaa. The document also contrasts the forms of similar

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    Arabic Alphabet

    Uploaded by

    Nicole
    452 views25 pages
    The document provides information on the four writing forms of Arabic letters: when the letter is written by itself, at the beginning of a word, in the middle of a word, and at the end of a word. It discusses the specific forms of individual letters such as hamza, aleph, laam, etc. under each of the four categories. For example, it states that hamza is written as ‫ء‬ by itself, ‫أ‬ on top of an aleph, ‫إ‬ underneath an aleph, ‫ؤ‬ on top of a waw, and ‫ئ‬ on top of a yaa. The document also contrasts the forms of similar

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    2._Arabic_Alphabet

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    The document provides information on the four writing forms of Arabic letters: when the letter is written by itself, at the beginning of a word, in the middle of a word, and at the end of a word. It discusses the specific forms of individual letters such as hamza, aleph, laam, etc. under each of the four categories. For example, it states that hamza is written as ‫ء‬ by itself, ‫أ‬ on top of an aleph, ‫إ‬ underneath an aleph, ‫ؤ‬ on top of a waw, and ‫ئ‬ on top of a yaa. The document also contrasts the forms of similar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    452 views25 pages

    Arabic Alphabet

    Uploaded by

    Nicole
    The document provides information on the four writing forms of Arabic letters: when the letter is written by itself, at the beginning of a word, in the middle of a word, and at the end of a word. It discusses the specific forms of individual letters such as hamza, aleph, laam, etc. under each of the four categories. For example, it states that hamza is written as ‫ء‬ by itself, ‫أ‬ on top of an aleph, ‫إ‬ underneath an aleph, ‫ؤ‬ on top of a waw, and ‫ئ‬ on top of a yaa. The document also contrasts the forms of similar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    kitabatu hurufi alhijaâ

    Arabic Letters’ writing forms


    4 WRITING FORMS

    • Each letter has 4 forms of transcription :


    • when you write the letter by itself
    • when it comes in the beginning of a word
    • when it comes in the middle of a word
    • when it comes at the end of a word
    WHEN THE LETTER IS BY ITSELF

    • The forms we saw in the first lesson are when the letter is by itself
    THE LETTER ALEPH (HAMZA)
    ‫أ‬
    • Hamza sounds like the letter A
    • Hamza is a consonant
    • There is no equivalent consonant in English
    THE FORMS OF HAMZA
    ‫أ‬
    • By itself ‫ء‬
    • On top of an Aleph ‫أ‬
    • Underneath an Aleph ‫إ‬
    • On top of a Waw ‫ؤ‬
    • On top of a Yaa ‫ئ‬

    َ‫ شيَء‬-َ‫ بَئَر‬- َ‫ إَنسانَ – بَؤَس‬- ٌَ‫أََم‬


    THE FORMS OF ALEPH
    ‫ا‬
    • Aleph is used to stretch the short A vowel to form a long AA
    • The writing of Aleph is a straight line

    • By itself or at the beginning of a word ‫ا‬


    • In the middle or at the end of a word ‫ـا‬
    • Some words ends with Aleph maqsura ‫ى‬

    َ - ‫كتَابَ – َزَراف َة – عصَا‬


    ‫هدَى‬
    ٌ
    THE FORMS OF LAAM

    • Laam also includes a straight line not to be confused with Aleph

    • By itself ‫ل‬
    • At the beginning of a word ‫لـ‬
    • At the middle ‫ـلـ‬
    • At the end ‫ـل‬

    ٌََ‫ بَلَب‬- َ‫لَعبة‬


    ٌ -‫ا‬
    ALEPH VS LAAM

    • Aleph doesn’t connect with the following letter, but Laam does

    end middle beginning by itself

    ‫ـا‬ ‫ـا ـ‬ ‫اـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬


    ٌ‫ـ‬ ‫ـلـ‬ ‫لـ‬ ٌ ٌ
    • Sometimes the Aleph is curved this is the case when the letter Laam comes before it

    َ‫ سَلَم‬- َ‫ل‬
    ‫ب‪-‬ت‪-‬ث‬
    ‫‪BAA, TAA, THAA‬‬

    ‫‪end‬‬ ‫‪middle‬‬ ‫‪beginning‬‬ ‫‪by itself‬‬

    ‫ـب‬ ‫ـبـ‬ ‫بـ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‬


    ‫ـت‬ ‫ـتـ‬ ‫تـ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ت‬
    ‫ـث‬ ‫ـثـ‬ ‫ثـ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ث‬

    ‫بَسَتَانَ ‪ -‬بَيَتَ ‪ -‬ثَابَتَ‬


    JEEM, HAA, KHAA
    ‫خ‬-‫ح‬-‫ج‬
    end middle beginning by itself

    ‫ـج‬ ‫ـجـ‬ ‫جـ‬ ‫ج‬


    ‫ـح‬ ‫ـحـ‬ ‫حـ‬ ‫ح‬
    ‫ـخ‬ ‫ـخـ‬ ‫خـ‬ ‫خ‬

    ٌَ‫ بَخَي‬- َ‫جَريح‬


    THE LETTERS DAAL & DHAAL
    ‫ذ‬-‫د‬
    • Like Aleph, Daal and don’t connect to the next letter

    end middle beginning by itself

    ‫ـد‬ ‫ـد ـ‬ ‫دـ‬ ‫د‬


    ‫ـذ‬ ‫ـذ ـ‬ ‫ذـ‬ ‫ذ‬

    ٌَ‫ ذَي‬- َ‫جَدَيد‬


    RAA & ZEIY
    ‫ ز‬-‫ر‬
    • Again Raa & Zeiy don’t connect with the following letter

    end middle beginning by itself

    ‫ـر‬ ‫ـر ـ‬ ‫رـ‬ ‫ر‬


    ‫ـز‬ ‫ـز ـ‬ ‫زـ‬ ‫ز‬

    َ‫ كبير‬- َ‫سامَ– زرَافة‬


    ‫رَ ا‬
    SEEN & SHEEN
    ‫ ش‬-َ‫س‬
    end middle beginning by itself

    ‫ـس‬ ‫ـسـ‬ ‫سـ‬ ‫س‬


    ‫ـش‬ ‫ـشـ‬ ‫شـ‬ ‫ش‬

    ٌَ‫شََمَسَ– َمَشَع‬
    SAAD & DAAD
    ‫ ض‬-َ‫ص‬
    end middle beginning by itself

    ‫ـص‬ ‫ـصـ‬ ‫صـ‬ ‫ص‬


    ‫ـض‬ ‫ـضـ‬ ‫ضـ‬ ‫ض‬
    Start from a point Make a loop by going up and to the right Then complete the loop

    ‫صَندوقَ – َمَصَعدَ– عَ ا‬
    َ‫ض‬
    TAA & ZHAA
    ‫ ظ‬-َ‫ط‬
    end middle beginning by itself

    ‫ـط‬ ‫ـطـ‬ ‫طـ‬ ‫ط‬


    ‫ـظ‬ ‫ـظـ‬ ‫ظـ‬ ‫ظ‬
    Just like Saad you draw a loop, then lift your pen and draw the vertical line from top to bottom

    َ‫ بَطَاقة‬-َ‫ظَرفَ – قَط‬
    ‘AIN AND GHAIN
    ‫ غ‬-َ‫ع‬
    end middle beginning by itself

    ‫ـع‬ ‫ـعـ‬ ‫عـ‬ ‫ع‬


    ‫ـغ‬ ‫ـغـ‬ ‫غـ‬ ‫غ‬

    ‫ نَعَم‬-َ‫َرعَدَ – عَنبَ– بلَغ‬


    FAA, QAAF, KAAF
    ‫ ك‬-َ‫فَ– ق‬
    • when the letter is by itself or at the end, the Faa tail is long and the Qaaf tail is round
    • Kaaf has a special squiggle instead of a dot
    • This squiggle goes away when it’s in the middle or beginning of a sequence
    • The squiggle is more likely to go away in handwriting, it’s not printed than wrote

    َ
    ِ ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إ‬
    ‫ إلَيْك‬- ‫إلَيْك – إ ِ َليْك – ْك‬
    ِ
    ‫‪FAA, QAAF, KAAF‬‬
    ‫فَ– قَ‪ -‬ك‬
    ‫‪end‬‬ ‫‪middle‬‬ ‫‪beginning‬‬ ‫‪by itself‬‬

    ‫ـف‬ ‫ـفـ‬ ‫فـ‬ ‫ف‬


    ‫ـق‬ ‫ـقـ‬ ‫قـ‬ ‫ق‬
    ‫ـك‬ ‫ـكـ‬ ‫كـ‬ ‫ك‬

    ‫فَرَقَةَ‪ -‬فَرَقَ– َمَ اَكةَ‪َ -‬مَلَ َ‬


    ‫ك‬
    LAAM, MEEM & NOON
    ‫ ن‬-َ‫ م‬-ٌَ
    end middle beginning by itself

    ٌ‫ـ‬ ‫ـلـ‬ ‫لـ‬ ٌ


    ‫ـم‬ ‫ـَمـ‬ ‫َمـ‬ ‫م‬
    ‫ـن‬ ‫ـنـ‬ ‫نـ‬ ‫ن‬

    َ‫ َمَعَلم‬-َ‫َملَكَ – نَملَةَ– نَحَن‬


    THE LETTER HAA
    ‫ه‬-‫ه‬
    end middle beginning by itself

    ‫ـه‬ ‫ـهـ‬ ‫هـ‬ ‫ه‬-‫ه‬


    Start from the top and draw a curve like you’re drawing a Daal
    When you’re about to finish go into a loop
    The top of the loop should touch the point where the letter started

    َ‫ َمنبَه‬- َ‫هَذَهَ– َمَهَر‬


    TAA (MARBUTA) VS HAA
    ‫ ة‬-َ‫ه‬
    • The letter Taa (‫ )ت‬is sometimes written like Haa )‫(ة‬
    • It’s called Taa marbuta (closed Taa)
    • This Taa can only be at the end of a word
    • This Taa is also called feminine Taa it helps identifying feminine words

    end middle beginning by itself

    ‫ـة‬ ‫ة‬
    َ‫ بطاقَة‬-َ‫صلَة‬
    TAA (MARBUTA) VS TAA (MABSUTA)
    ‫ ة‬-َ‫ت‬
    • If Taa marbuta has a vowel on it, it will sound like Taa
    If not, it will sound like Haa
    • The open Taa will always sound as Taa
    • In Arabic, when finishing a sentence, we typically drop the vowel on the last letter

    َ‫ فتاة‬-َ‫فتات‬ َ‫ فتَاة‬-َ‫فتات‬
    WAW, YAA
    ‫وَ– ي‬
    • Like Aleph, Waw and Yaa are used both as consonnants and to stretch vowels
    • Waw doesn’t connect to the following letter

    end middle beginning by itself

    ‫ـو‬ ‫ـوـ‬ ‫وَـ‬ ‫و‬


    ‫ـي‬ ‫ـيـ‬ ‫يـ‬ ‫ي‬

    َ‫ دلَو‬-َ‫ولَدَ– نبَيَ– عَيَن‬


    WAW, YAA
    ‫وَ– ي‬
    • Waw is used to stretch the short U vowel to form a long UU
    • Yaa is used to stretch the short E vowel to form a long EE

    ٌَ‫ سبَي‬-َ‫ طرَيق‬-َ‫عيَونَ– نَور‬


    Thank You!

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