TUMANGAN, Ma. Estela Leonor Angela, P.

13/8/2022
RES100-11_E01 Activity 1
Answer the end chapter questions:
1. What is research?
• Research is the creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the
stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society,
and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. The word
research is derived from the French word “recherche” meaning “to go about
seeking”.
• Research is used to institute facts and knowledge, reiterate, or confirm the
results of the existing works or to reject it, back-up existing theories and/ or
discover new ones. Research study may also be an improvement or
development of an existing work in the area or in the body of knowledge.
2. Discuss the importance of research
• Research is what propels humanity forward. It's fueled by curiosity: we get
curious, ask questions, and immerse ourselves in discovering everything
there is to know. Learning is thriving. Without curiosity and research,
progress would slow to a halt, and our lives as we know them would be
completely different.
• Research allows you to pursue your interests, to learn something new, to
hone your problem-solving skills and to challenge yourself in new ways.
Working on a faculty-initiated research project gives you the opportunity
work closely with a mentor–a faculty member or another experienced
researcher. With a self-initiated research project, you leave the University
of Montana with a product that represents the distillation of your interests
and studies, and possibly, a real contribution to knowledge.
3. Enumerate the four frameworks of the research process. Discuss how these
frameworks are related to each other.
• Conceptual Framework, Theoretical Framework, Methodological
Framework, and Analytical Framework.
• These frameworks are related to each other as conceptual contains the
idea, statement of the problem, and main and specific objectives.
Conceptual framework paves the way for theoretical framework where the
theories and general rules of the ideas and objectives are being studied
carefully. The relationship between the conceptual framework and
theoretical framework is structured with each other. A comprehensive
theoretical framework will never be possible if not because of a thorough
and clear conceptual framework.
• Methodological framework comes in next after polishing both the
conceptual and theoretical framework. It is where certain methods are
studied and if they are relevant to the realization of research. Also, data
collection methods are simplified to expedite the whole methodology
 process. After that, it is time to analyze the data collected. This is where the
Analytical framework comes in. It is where data are treated and analyzed. It
is where results are discussed to draw certain conclusions that answer the
research’s statements of the problem. If the data are not handled well and
analysis is not done right, then it affects the research as a whole.
• As we can see, the frameworks are linked to each other. The frameworks
portray as a model for research to be accurate and precise with a topic or
idea that matters to humanity.
4. Discuss the importance of having a literature review in the conduct of research.
• Literature review helps establish a context for research. It puts the current
research in perspective and shows how it relates to what has been done
before. It also identifies the gaps in the existing body of knowledge and
helps to formulate new research questions.
• The aim of any literature review is to summarize and synthesize the
arguments and ideas of existing knowledge in a particular field without
adding any new contributions. Being built on existing knowledge they help
the researcher to even turn the wheels of the topic of research. It is possible
only with profound knowledge of what is wrong in the existing findings in
detail to overpower them. For other research, the literature review gives the
direction to be headed for its success.
5. Discuss how the research process starts.
• The first step is to conceptualize the study. That means we need to identify
the research question so that we can start with an idea, an idea in which the
researcher is very interested in and wanted to explore. Without an idea or
concept, one cannot start the research process since the concept is main
context of the research study. Then after identifying the question, we must
construct a literature review that can support our research topic. After
collecting enough data and information, we must apply the knowledge
collected to refine the statement of the problem.
• The second step is to develop a design of the study. It is the discussion of
the methodological approach that the researcher is going to do, to gather
the data that is need in the study and how the researcher will analyze those
data. The design of the study will be dictated by the concept of the study or
the research questions, which can be either qualitative or quantitative
design. With the design in mind, we must identify the target population as
they will also be dictated by the statement of the problem. The population
refers to the group of concern in which the results of the study will be
applicable. After that, we must identify the model to be used in data
gathering, data gathering also relates to the research questions and the
nature of the data the researcher wants to have. The model of the data
gathering should be suitable and appropriate to the nature of the information
the research needed. It will be a big waste of time and effort if the author
has failed to identify the most suitable method that the research required.
 Basically, quantitative information cannot be collected with the use of
feedback forms or consultations, and qualitative information cannot be
gathered through actual counting or measurement.
• Third step is conducting the study. The data collection, data processing and
analysis, and drawing the conclusion happens in this step. After collecting
the necessary data, we must process and analyze these data to come up
with a conclusion.
• The fourth and last step is study write-ups. Writing up the study is basically
the documentation and the narrative of the whole step-bystep research
process conducted by the researcher, starting from the very beginning,
which is the conceptualization of the research topic, up to the drawing of
conclusions. It is said to be a one of the most critical part of the research
study, since it is through writing that the researcher will communicate to the
reader or to the other researcher.
6. Discuss the importance of ethics in the conduct of research.
• There are several reasons why it is important to adhere to ethical norms in
research. First, norms promote the aims of research, such as knowledge,
truth, and avoidance of error. For example, prohibitions against fabricating,
falsifying, or misrepresenting research data promote the truth and minimize
error. In addition, it educates and monitors scientists conducting research
to ensure a high ethical standard.
7. Enumerate and elaborate at least five ethical principles in conducting a research
process.
• Honesty – honestly report data, results, methods and procedures, and
publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data.
• Objectivity – strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data
interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert
testimony, and other aspects of research.
• Integrity – keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for
consistency of thought and action.
• Carefulness – avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically
examine your own work and the work of your peers. Keep good records of
research activities.
• Openness – share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be open to criticism
and new ideas.
8. When can a project be deemed viable?
• A project can be deemed viable if the resource for the project is within the
researcher’s disposal. The definition can also be changed over time.
Something viable on February 15 may no longer be on September 15 if you
do not make headway in the intervening months.
• A project is not typically considered viable if its value exceeds its costs.
Sometimes the cost viability of a project can change over the course of the
project’s development or implementation.
9. What are the social-science paradigm and how do they differ from each other?
• Positivism – Objectivity, knowability, and deductive logic. The assumption
of this would be “Society can and should be studied empirically and
scientifically.”
• Social Constructionism – Truth as varying, socially constructed, and ever-
changing. The assumption of this would be “Reality is created collectively.
Social context and interaction frame our realities.”
• Interpretivism – a view that questions natural occurrences, and that they
occur for a reason (may it be experiences, languages, relationships.)
Interpretivism values quality over quantity and it criticizes positivism.
• Critical – Power, inequality, and social change. The assumption would be
“Social science can never be truly value-free and should be conducted with
the express goal of social change in mind.”
• Postmodernism – Inherent problems with previous paradigms. The
assumption would be “Truth is always bound within historical and cultural
context. There are no universally true explanations.”
10. Discuss the relevance and value of research and give an example to prove your
answer
• Research seeks to advance the existing body of knowledge in virtually all
disciplines. Although stereotypical depictions suggest research is
conducted in laboratories, it is actually performed in virtually all subjects –
from English to physics, from health sciences to history, from chemistry to
criminal justice. Different methods are employed, but, at its most
fundamental level, research seeks to expand understanding.
• The public benefits when sophisticated faculty expertise is employed to
improve quality of life. Research addresses a variety of pertinent local and
state issues, solves practical problems, and encourages economic
diversification. University research creates knowledge that can lead to new
technologies, commercial products, and development of industries that can
have a significant impact on the economy.
• Research is critical to the advancement of a university’s reputation among
the higher education field. Research success is a key indicator of the
sophistication of a university; many believe it is the yardstick by which
academic reputation is measured.
• An example of a great research is Mapua’s very own Program Chair of
CEM, Dr. Dante L. Silva et. al. with the title being “Aggregation of Fuzzy
Weights for Sustainable Buildings: Application of Multi-Criteria Extent
Analysis and Geometric Mean Process Towards Risk Mitigation
Management Schema” – the paper was presented in the International
Conference of Manufacturing Engineering and Engineering Management
Congress. This year’s congress has been represented by almost three
hundred committee members who are mainly research center heads,
faculty deans, department heads, professors, and research scientists from
more than 30 countries.
The paper is a meta-analysis of risks in green building projects in the
Philippines. Through risk management process, the paper: (1) identified
risks present in green building projects through the Hierarchical Risk
Breakdown Structure; (2) assessed the risk factors through the Analytical
Hierarchy Method incorporating Fuzzy Logic Analytical Hierarchy Process;
(3) developed mitigation strategies on targeted risk groups to eliminate risk
probability and impact on a project; and (4) developed a risk management
framework essential to green building projects that will help the construction
industry (of any size) manage their risk holistically. This paper could help us
improve the construction of green buildings in the country and could mitigate
risks and hazards in the construction.