A Project Report

on

SIMPLE CLAP CONTROL HOME AUTOMATION

Submitted for partial fulfilment of the requirements for the subject
Project Based Learning (B20EC20, IV Semester)
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
Electronics & Communication Engineering

By
K. Nagamalleshwari(20641A0413)
I. Pooja(20641A0414)
N. Swetha(20641A0415)
P. Likhitha(20641A0416)

Under the Guidance of

Dr.V. MANOHAR
Assistant professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

VAAGDEVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(Autonomous, Affiliated to JNTUH, NAAC ‘A’ Grade and NBA Accredited)
BOLLIKUNTA, WARANGAL - 506 005
2021-2022
 Autonomous, Affiliated to JNTUH, NAAC ‘A’ Grade and NBA Accredited)
BOLLIKUNTA, WARANGAL - 506 005
2021-2022

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “SIMPLE CLAP CONTROL HOME

AUTOMATION” is a bonafide work carried out by N. Swetha(20641A0415) in partial

fulfilment of the requirements for the subject Project Based Learning (B20EC08, III

Semester) of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics & Communication

Engineering from Vaagdevi College of Engineering, (Autonomous) during the academic

year 2021-2022.

Project guide: head of the department:

Dr. V. Manohar Dr. M. Shashidhar
Assistant professor Associate professor
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The development of the project in Project Based learning (B20EC20, IV Semester) though it
was an arduous task, it has been made by the help of many people. We are pleased to express
our thanks to the people whose suggestions, comments, criticisms greatly encouraged us in
betterment of the project.

We would like to express my sincere gratitude and indebtedness to my project Guide Dr.V.
Manohar, Assistant professor, for his valuable suggestions and interest throughout the
course of this project.

We are also thankful to the Head of the Department Dr. M. Shashidhar, Associate
Professor for providing excellent infrastructure and a nice atmosphere for completing this
project successfully.

We would like to express my sincere thanks and profound gratitude to Dr. K. Prakash,
principal of Vaagdevi College of Engineering, for his support, guidance and encouragement
in the course of our project. We are highly thankful to the Project Coordinators for their
valuable suggestions, encouragement and motivations for completing this project
successfully.

We are thankful to all other faculty members for their encouragement.

We convey my heartfelt thanks to the lab staff for allowing me to use the required equipment
whenever needed.

Finally, we would like to take this opportunity to thank my family for their support through
the work. I sincerely acknowledge and thank all those who gave directly or indirectly their
support in completion of this work.

K. Nagamalleshwari(20641A0413)
I. Pooja(20641A0414)
N. Swetha(20641A0415)
P. Likhitha(20641A0416)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE NOS.

Abstract.............................................................................................................. i
List of Figures ................................................................................................. ii
List of Acronyms……........................................................................................iii

CHAPTER I 01-02
INTRODUCTION
Basic principle
List of components

CHAPTER II 03-05
Circuit components
CHAPTER III 06
Circuit diagram of clap switch
CHAPTER IV 07-08
Working
CHAPTER V 09
Advantages
Dis advantages
CHAPTER VI 10
Applications
CHAPTER VII 11-12
Conclusion
Future scope
Result
REFERENCES 13

BIBILOGRAPHY 13
 ABSTRACT

This is a project on CLAP SWITCH which can switch on/off any electrical circuit by the
sound of the clap. The clap-operated circuit is a circuit which operates by clapping from a
remote point. When a person claps one, the first output of the circuit is turned on. If another
one is clapped, the second output is switched on and then another one will cause to energize
the third output. The basic idea of clap switch is that the electric microphone picks up the
sound of your claps, coughs, and the sound of that book knocked off the table. It produces a
small electrical signal which is amplified by the succeeding transistor stage. Two transistors
cross connected as a bistable multivibrator change state at each signal. One of these
transistors drives a heavier transistor which controls a lamp. Basically, this is a Sound
operated switch.For example, fan, fluorescent light, TV and other appliances can be switched
on (or) off by clapping. This circuit can be used by changing individual situations
 i

LIST OF FIGURS: pg.no:

Fig 2.1 : resistors 03

Fig 2.2 : IC 741 03
Fig 2.3 : IC 4017 04
Fig 2.4 : 9V battery 04
Fig 2.5 : microphone 05
Fig 3.1 : circuit diagram of clap switch 06
Fig 4.1 : clap switch circuit 08
Fig 6.1 : fan switch 11
Fig 6.2 : bulb switch 11
Fig 7.1 : circuit on bread board 12
 ii
LIST OF ABRIVIATIONS ACRONYMES:
IC : Integrated Circuit
CD : Decade counter
LED : Light emitting Diode
PCB : Printed Circuit Board
AC : Alternating Current
DC : Direct Current
CMOS : complementary metal oxide semiconductor
OP-Amp: Operational Amplifier
 iii

CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION:
Clap Switch is a basic electronic mini-project made with the help of the basic components
Clap switch has the ability to turn on or off any electrical component or circuit by the clap
sound.Clap Switch is a basic electrical project, made with the help of basic components. Clap
Switch has the ability to turn ON/OFF any electrical component by the clap sound. The
operation of circuit is simple. If we clap, the bulb turns on and to switch it off, clap again.
This circuit turns ON the bulb for first clap, and turns ON till the next clap. This circuit
Works with 9V voltage. Therefore, a 9V battery is employed. This circuit is constructed
using basic electronic components like resistors, transistors, capacitors, and diodes .The basic
principle of clap switch circuit is that it converts sound signal into electrical energy. This is a
simple circuit with high sensitivity. The working of this circuit is based on amplifying nature
and switching nature of amplifier. When we will clap or any sound of approximately same
pitch of Clap sound, this sound signal will be converted into the electrical signal by the
condenser microphone. These sound vibrations will be given to the inverting input of IC 741
and it amplifies the sound collected by the Microphone. Resistors and variable resistor adjust
the sensitivity of the amplifier. The amplified output pulses from IC1 (IC 741) passes to the
input of IC2 (CD 4017). CD4017 will receive a clock signal through the clock input and it
turns ON all the 10 outputs one by one, every time it gets the clock input pulse. When we will
clap once, the relay will be activated and the Bulb will turn ON. When we clap for the second
time, the relay will deactivate and the Bulb will turn OFF.

BASIC PRINCIPLE:
The basic principle of this clap switch circuit is that it converts sound signal into electrical
energy. The input component is a transducer that receives clap sound as input and converts it
to electrical pulse. The basic idea of clap switch is that the electric microphone picks up the
sound of your claps, coughs, and the sound of that book knocked off the table. It produces a
small electrical signal which is amplified by the succeeding transistor stage. Two transistors
cross connected as a bi-stable multi vibrator change state at each signal. One of these
transistors drives a heavier transistor which controls a lamp. This circuit is constructed using
basic electronic components like resistors, transistors, relay, transformer, capacitors. This
circuit turns ‘ON’ light for the first clap. The light turns ON till the next clap. For the next
clap the light turns OFF. This circuit works with 12V voltage. Therefore a step-down
transformer 12V/300mA is employed. This working of this circuit is based on amplifying
nature of the transistor, switching nature of transistor, relay as an electronic switch. Basically,
this is a Sound operated switch.
 01

List of components:
As already mentioned, this project is basic electronic mini project, so this project is made of
the basic components. Following is the list the components required to make the clap switch
1. IC 4017 – 1
2. IC 741 – 1
3. Resistors(10K) – 2
4. Resistors(1K) – 4
5. RED LED – 1
6. Diode (1N4007) – 1
7. Green LED – 1
8. Microphone – 1
9. BC547 – 1
10. variable resistor(10k) -1
11. Battery / Adapter(9V) -1
12. PCB
 02

CHAPTER2
CIRCUIT COMPONENTS:

RESISTORS
Resistors are the most common passive electronic component (one that does not require
power to operate). They are used to control voltages and currents. While a resistor is a very
basic component, there are many ways to manufacture them. Each style has its own
characteristics that make it desirable in certain types of applications. Choosing the right type
of resistor is important to making high-performance or precision circuits work well. This
bonus chapter covers the resistor types and helps with picking the right one for your project.
All resistors are basically just a piece of conducting material with a specific value of
resistance. For that piece of conducting material to be made into a practical resistor,a pair of
electrodes and leads are attached so current can flow. The resistor is then coated with an
insulating material to protect the conducting material from the surrounding environment and
vice versa. There are several different resistor construction methods and body styles (or
packages) that are designed for a certain range of applied voltage, power dissipation, or other
considerations. The construction of the resistor can affect its

Fig:2.1 resistors
IC 741:
The short form of the operational amplifier is op-amp, which is one kind of solid-state IC.
The first operational amplifier is designed by Fairchild Semiconductors in the year 1963. It is
the basic building block of analog electronic circuits that accomplish different types of analog
signal processing tasks. These ICs use exterior feedback to regulate their functions and these
components are used as a multipurpose device in various electronic instruments. It consists of
two inputs and two outputs, namely inverting and non inverting terminals. This IC 741 Op
Amp is most commonly used in various electrical and electronic circuits. The main intention
of this 741 op-amp is to strengthen AC & DC signals and
for mathematical operations.
 Fig:2.2 IC 741
03

IC 4017:
CD4017 is a Johnson 10 stage CMOS Decade counter IC. we can use it for low range
counting applications. It is a 16-pin counter that can count from 0 to 10 by turning on the 10
outputs one by one on every positive edge of a clock. The circuit consists of CD4017 will
save board space and also the time required to design the circuit. We can reset and control
counting with the help of reset and
enable pins.

Fig:2.3 IC 4017
BATTERY:

fig:2.4 9V battery
The 9V battery is an extremely common battery that was first used in transistor radios. It
features a rectangular prism shape that utilizes a pair of snap connectors which are located at
the top of the battery. A wide array of both large and small battery manufacturers produces
versions of the 9V battery. Possible chemistries of primary (non-rechargeable) 9V batteries
include Alkaline, Carbon-Zinc (Heavy Duty), Lithium. Possible chemistries of secondary
(rechargeable) 9V batteries include nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH),
and lithium ion. The performance and application of the battery can vary greatly between
different chemistries, meaning that some chemistries are better suited for some applications
over others. 04
MICROPHONE:
A microphone, colloquially called a mic or mike , is a transducer that converts sound into
an electrical signal. Microphones are used in many applications such as telephones, hearing
aids, public address systems for concert halls and public events, motion picture production,
live and recorded audio engineering, sound recording, two-way radios, megaphones,
and radio and television broadcasting. They are also used in computers for recording
voice, speech recognition, VoIP, and for other purposes such as ultrasonic sensors or knock
sensors.
Several types of microphone are used today, which employ different methods to convert the
air pressure variations of a sound wave to an electrical signal. The most common are
the dynamic microphone, which uses a coil of wire suspended in a magnetic field;
the condenser microphone, which uses the vibrating diaphragm as a capacitor plate; and
the contact microphone, which uses a crystal of piezoelectric material. Microphones typically
need to be connected to a preamplifier before the signal can be recorded or reproduced.

fig:2.5 microphone
05
 CHAPTER 3

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig:3.1 Circuit diagram of clap switch

 06

CHAPTER 4
WORKING:

When you clap or any sound of approximately same pitch of Clap sound. this sound signal is
converted into the electrical signal by the condenser microphone .These sound vibrations are
given to the inverting input of IC 741 and Its amplifies the sound collected by the
Microphone .Resistor R1,R2 and VR2 variable resistor adjust the sensitivity of the amplifier.
Resistor R3 set the sensitivity of Microphone. The amplified output pulses from IC1 (IC 741)
passes to the input of IC2 (CD 4017). CD4017 receives a clock signal through the clock input
and it turns ON all the 10 outputs one by one every time it gets the clock input pulse. When
you clap once the relay is activated and the Fan (or any load) is turned ON. When you clap
for the second time the relay is deactivated and the Fan is turned OFF.
The main component of this circuit is the Electric Condenser Microphone. This little
microphone converts the sound of a clap into electrical energy which is inverted and fed to
the most commonly used and our very-very old friend Operational Amplifier IC 741. It
amplifies the sound collected from the condenser mic. Resistors and PCB Pot connected on
Pin 3 of the IC741 are used to adjust the sensitivity of the clap switch. The values used by me
in the circuit are optimum.
Sound Vibrations Trigger the Circuit
As you must have noticed the clapping of hands creates a loud sound and is sharp enough to
move quite a distance. The generated sound is in fact strong ripples or vibrations created due
to the sudden compression of air in between our striking palms.

A mic is connected to the amplifier stage; the sound vibrations made by clapping hits the mic
and get converted into tiny electrical pulses. These electrical pulses are amplified to suitable
levels by the transistors or IC and are fed to the flip/flop.

The flip flop is a bistable relay circuit which switches ON/OFF the attached relay alternately
in response to each clap sound.

The circuit presented here is basically made up of two stages, the first stage is a two
transistor hi-gain amplifier and the second stage consists of an efficient flip/flop.

The flip/flop stage alternately switches the output relay driver in response to every
subsequent clapping. The load connected to the relay thus also gets activated and deactivated
correspondingly.

The circuit may be further understood with the following explanation.

 07

Fig:4.1 clap switch circuit

08
 CHAPTER 5:

ADVANTAGES
1.The primary application involves an elderly or mobility-impaired person.
2.We can turn something (e.g. a lamp) on and off from any location in the room (e.g. While
lying in the bed) simply by clapping our hands
3.Low cost and reliable circuit
4.Complete elimination of man power
5.Energy efficient.
6.It can used to turn on and off the LED or LAMP simply ,by clapping your hands
7. We can also remove LEDs and place a FAN or any other electric component on the output
in order to get desired result
8.Reliable
9.Cost is low
10.It provides good output efficiency

DISADVATAGES:
1.it is generally cumbersome to have to clap one’s hands to turn something on or off
and it is generally seen as simpler for most use cases to use a traditional light switch.
2.Unless we use a filter in the circuit, it is not that advantageous. So that circuit activates only
for clap of particular frequencies and then it becomes accurate.
1. The Condenser mic used in the circuit has the short range as a default, which can’t be
varied

09
 CHAPTER 6

APPLICATIONS

1.Clap activated switch device will serve well in different phono-controlled applications.

2.Clap switch is generally used for a light, television, radio or similar electronic device that
the person will want to turn on/off from bed.

3.This circuit functions on using the sound energy provided by the clap which is converted
into electrical energy by condenser microphone. Using this converted electrical energy which
is used to turn on relay (an electronic switch).

4.The primary application involves an elderly or mobility-impaired person.5.

The major advantage of a clap switch is that you can turn something (e.g., a lamp) on and off
from any location in the room (e.g., while lying in bed) simply by clapping your hands.

6.The major disadvantage is that it's generally cumbersome to have to clap one's hands to turn
something on or off and it's generally seen as simpler for most use cases to use a traditional
light switch

7.Clap switch is not restricted to turn the LEDs ON and OFF, but it can be used in any
electric appliances such as tube light, Fan, Radio or any other basic circuit which you want to
turn ON by a sound.

8. This circuit is helpful for you If you wish to ON and OFF the device or electrical
appliances through claps without moving from your place.
9.You can also control speed of the fan by connecting regulator with individual outputs of
CD4017.
10. The other use of this circuit is that there is no fear of the electrical shocks as you are not
required to touch any of the mechanical switches physically.
The main application of the clap switch circuits described below is for controlling home
appliances like light bulbs and fans.

Suppose you want to connect a ceiling fan with this circuit so that you can switch it ON or
OFF with alternate clap sound, you can easily do it, by wiring the fan 220 V AC input
through the relay of the circuit.

Similarly, if you wish to switch a tube light or any 220 V or 120 V AC lamp, just wire it in
series with the relay of the clap switch.

The following image shows how to connect fan with the relayThe fan regulator can be
connected anywhere in series with the wiring. 10
 Fig:6.1 fan switch
Any light bulb can be connected with the clap switch relay as given in the folowing figure

Fig:6.2 bulb switch

11
 CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION:

Hereby we would like to conclude that this circuit is very much useful to switch ON and OFF
the house hold appliances just by clapping hand. This circuit function using the sound energy
provided by the clap which is converted into electrical energy by condenser mic. This circuit
turns on and off a light, a fan, a radio, a TV etc…using this converted electrical energy which
is used to turn on relay (an electronic switch).
FUTURE SCOPE:
1.We can increase the range of this equipment by using better Mic.
2.We can use this as resonate controller.
RESULT:
The circuit is constructed as per the circuit diagram, and the clap switch circuit is verified
i.e., when sound occurs near by the circuit the LED in the circuit glows and for the second
clap it is in OFF condition.

Fig:7.1

12
REFERENCES:
1. www.scribd.com
2. www.electronicschematics.in
3. www.circuiteasy.com
4. www.kpsec.com
5. www.buildcircuit.com

BIBILIOGRAPHY

1. Edward Hughes, Hughes electrical technology. Addition Wesley Longman (Singapore)

plc ltd, India, seventh edition, (pp 395-399). (2001).

2. Paul Horonitz and Weinbeild hill, the art of electronics, second addition, Cambridge
university ulc. (1995).

3. Ray Marston, relay output circuits, electronics now magazine, July 1994.

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