Eapp

EAPP
Reading Academic Text

ACADEMIC TEXT
- Critical, objective, specialized texts written by experts or professionals in a given field
using formal language
Academic Writing
- Process that starts with posing a question, problematizing a concept, evaluating an
opinion, & ends in answering the question or questions posed, clarifying the problem,
&/or arguing for a stand
Features of Academic Writing Evaluating Academic Text

- Uses clear formal language 1. Focus – what is the text about?
- Includes evidences from other 2. Purpose – what is the writer’s goal in
experts writing the text?
- Answers or debates a specific 3. Audience – who is the target reader
question or field of the text?
- Has clear organization & layout 4. Point of View – what is the point of
- Is grammatically correct view used in the text?
5. Writer’s Knowledge – how much
Critical Reading does the writer know of the subject?
- Involves scrutinizing any 6. Style – how did the writer organize
information that you read or hear the text?
- Active process of discovery because 7. Tone – did the writer write in formal
when you read critically, you are not or informal manner?
just receiving information but also 8. Language Use – how did the writer
making an interaction with the writer choose the words & organize the
sentences?
How to Become a Critical Reader
1. Annotate what you read
- Underlining, circling, & highlighting words, phrases, or sentences that include
important details
- Writing comments, notes, or questions about the ideas of the writer
2. Outline the text
- Identifying the main points of the writer
- Identifying the ideas that the writer has raised to support his stand
3. Summarize the text
- Getting the main points of the text you are reading & write its gist in your own words
Academic Text Non-Academic Text

1. Research Paper 1. Poem
2. Reflection/Reaction Paper 2. Diary
3. Thesis 3. Letters
4. Book Review 4. Personal Journal
5. Critique Paper
6. Research Proposal
Text Summarization
- Process of creating a summary of a certain document that contains the most important
information of the original one
- Purpose: to get a summary of the main points of the document
- Usually one paragraph long
Extractive Summarization Abstractive Summarization

- Selects informative sentences from - Generate new text using natural
the document as they exactly language generation techniques
appear in source based on specific - More difficult & more flexible
criteria to form summary
- Selects part of the original text to form
a summary
- No paraphrasing needed
Example:
- Source Text: Peter & Elizabeth took a taxi to attend the night party in the city. While in
the party, Elizabeth collapsed & was rushed to the hospital.
a. Extractive: Peter & Elizabeth b. Abstractive Summarization:
attend party city. Elizabeth Elizabeth was hospitalized after
rushed hospital. attending a party with Peter.
Thesis Statement
- Claim or stand that you will develop - Often placed in the introductory
in your paper paragraph of an essay
- The main idea of the essay - Usually contains an element of
- Explains to a reader the main idea of uncertainty, risk, or challenge
the essay, & the writer’s opinion on - Should contain a topic (main idea of
that idea what you are writing about) & an
- Usually one sentence opinion about the topic (what your
attitude is toward the topic)
Key Features of Thesis Statement How to Write A Thesis Statement

1. Main Idea is in Complete Sentence - Choose a Topic
- A simple question is not a thesis - Find a Problem
statement - Take Your Stance
- An incomplete sentence is not - Find Arguments
a thesis statement - Express Your Thesis Statement
2. Thesis Statement is Often Found at -
the End of the Introductory
Paragraph
3. States an Opinion or Attitude
4. Gives Subtopics
Outlining
Outline Reading Outline
- Summary that gives the essential - Used to get the main ideas of a text
features of a text that is already written
- Categorized list that shows the Writing Outline
relationship of ideas - Skeletal overview of a draft, which
contains fundamental points & the
different ideas that support them
Outlining Systems
1. Decimal Outline – is a system of 2. Alphanumeric Outline – uses
decimal notation that clearly shows letters & numbers to organize ideas
how every level of the outline relates
to a larger whole
1.0 Choose Desired College I. Choose Desired Colleges
1.1 Visit & evaluate college A. Visit & valuate college
campuses campuses
1.2 Visit & evaluate college B. Visit & evaluate college
websites websites
1.2.1 Look for interesting 1. Look for interesting
classes classes
1.2.2 Note important 2. Note important statistics
statistics
Kinds of Outline
1. Topic Outline 2. Sentence Outline
- Also called as “scratch outline” - Uses sentences to define the
- Simple list of ideas that take the subject matter
form of words & phrases - Uses sentences for the heading
- Uses parallel phrases for the all throughout
heading all throughout I. Why is English
- Main Idea (Word of Phrase) important?
- Note: Use word or phrase from A. As a student, we
the heading all throughout the have to be able to
outline speak English.
I. Major Detail 1. English makes us
1. Minor Detail confident.
2. Minor Detail 2. English will help
II. Major Detail us get a job
1. Minor Detail easier.
2. Minor Detail B. English is the
III. Major Detail international
1. Minor Detail language.
2. Minor Detail 1. English is one of
the skills required
for going
overseas.
2. Speaking English
is a must to be an
international
citizen.
Writing a Reaction Paper/Review/Critique
REACTION PAPER, CRITIQUE, REVIEWS
- Specialized form of writing in which - Critiques can be used to evaluate:
a reviewer or reader evaluates any - Creative works – novels,
of the following: exhibits, films, shows, images, &
- Scholarly work of art poetry
- Work of art - Researches – monographs,
- Designs journal, articles, systematic
- Graphic designs reviews, theories
- Media – news reports, feature
Criticize – to judge/evaluate articles, movies
someone/something
Critique – paper or essay or the product of criticizing
Critic – person doing the criticism
Critical Approaches
1. Formalism
- Emphasizes the form of a literary work to determine its meaning, focusing on literary
elements, & how they work to create meaning
- Claims that literary works contain intrinsic properties & treats each work as a distinct
work of art
- “Characters”, “first & third person points of view”, “imagery”, “setting”, “plot”, “conflict”
2. Feminism
- Focuses on the roles, positions, & influences of women within literary texts
- Reveals how aspects of our culture are patriarchal
- Are the male characters superior in their position while the female characters are
inferior?
- Are the male characters decisive & the females are not?
3. Reader’s Response Criticism
- Reviewer’s reaction as an audience of a work
- Claims that a text does not have meaning until the reader reads & interprets it
4. Marxist Criticism
- Focuses on understanding how power, politics, & money play a role in literary texts
& amongst literary societies & characters
- Concerned with differences between economic classes
- Investigates how literature can work as a force for social change
- Karl Marx – proponent of Marxism
- “Townspeople”, “wealthy”, “income”, “powerful people”, “class”
Writing a Balanced Review or Critique
BALANCED/OBJECTIVE REVIEW OR CRITIQUE
- System of interpreting, judging, or assessing without having influenced by feelings or
opinions
- Systematic way of considering the truthfulness of a work
- Review or Critique Essay – should be based on facts, not your opinion
- When writing an objective essay, state information unemotionally
- Objective Writing – writing you can verify through evidence & facts
- If writing objectively, remain as neutral as possible
- Present unbiased information to an audience & then let them determine their own
opinion
- News reports & school textbooks often use this
Tips on How to Keep your Writing Structure of a Reaction Paper

Objective 1. Introduction
1. Be Specific; Avoid Being Vague or - Title of the book/article of work
General - Writer’s name
- ✗ “Almost everyone voted for - Thesis statement
him.” 2. Summary
- ✓ “85% of the company members - Objective or purpose
voted for him.” - Methods used (if applicable)
2. Do Not Use Opinionated, - Major findings, claims, ideas, or
Prejudiced, or Exclusive Language messages
3. Conclusion
- ✗ “men & girls”
- Overall impression of the work
- ✓ “men & women” - Scholarly or literary value of the
3. Avoid Using First Person to Keep reviewed article/book/work
it Professional & Less About You - Suggestion for future direction
- ✗ “I believe” of research
- ✓ Try using credible source:
“According to Shan (1999)” Basic Reaction Paper with No
4. Try Not to Overexaggerate Your Prescribed Structure
Writing 1. Introduction
- Never use: “really”, “always’, - Basic details about the material
“never”, “very” (title, director, artist name of the
- ✗ “The race was really close” exhibition/event)
- ✓ Be more informative: “The - Main assessment of the material
race was close enough to (for films/performances)
demand two recounts” 2. Analysis or Interpretation
- Discussion or analysis of the
work (critical approach)
3. Conclusion or Evaluation
- Reinforcement of main
assessment
- Recommendation of material (if
you liked it)

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Eapp - Quarter 1 - Reviewer

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Reading Academic Text

Features of Academic Writing Evaluating Academic Text

Academic Text Non-Academic Text

Extractive Summarization Abstractive Summarization

Key Features of Thesis Statement How to Write A Thesis Statement

Tips on How to Keep your Writing Structure of a Reaction Paper

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