Science 8

Science 8
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 7
Differentiating Physical
and Chemical Change

EXPECTATION
Are you fascinated by magic? Mostly we get fascinated by magic because it brings
before the eyes certain fantastic phenomena that are quite unexplainable. In the
Chemistry laboratory, you can bring about great changes without magic. Some of these
are merely physical changes but many are chemical changes.

Everyday and everywhere changes may occur. The perspiration that dries from our
skin, the sugar that dissolve in a cup of coffee, the salt that crystallizes from seawater,
the water that transfers from plant leaves are just a few among so many examples.
Automobiles run by burning gasoline, gasoline is a hydrocarbon. Combustion of
hydrocarbons produces carbon dioxide and water and the energy being released
accompanies change
.
This week 3 module explains physical changes in terms of the arrangement
and motion of atoms and molecules.
Specifically after this self learning module the learner must be able to:
1. differentiate physical from chemical change;
2. describe possible signs on the occurrence of physical and chemical
changes;
3. appreciate the practical applications of physical and chemical changes

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 PRE–TEST
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which is a chemical reaction?
A. melting of ice C. boiling of water
B. frying of egg D. drying of clothes

2. In a recipe, which of these words implies a chemical change?

A. bake B. chill C. cube D. mash

3. Which of the following processes involve a physical change?

A. fermenting of vinegar C. pulverizing of mothballs
B. explosion of a dynamite D. rusting of aluminum metal

4. After a physical change, the substance or object involved________________.

A. is the same shape
B. is chemically different but looks the same
C. looks different but is chemically the same
D. looks different and is chemically different

5. Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

A. milk curdled
B. bread toasting
C. a ring tranishing
D. an ice cake melting

RECAP
In the previous modules, you were able to explain the properties of solids, liquids,
and gases based on the particle nature of matter. You were also able to identify and
describe the classification of matter based on its physical state (solids, liquids, and
gases). Lastly, you differentiated the structure of solids, liquids, and gases based on its,
shape and molecular arrangement (through illustration, etc.) mass and volume.
To set your knowledge and skills from what you had learned after completing the
previous module, perform the activity below.

Match the letter for each definition to the correct word.

________1. matter a. matter that fill up all the spaces inside a container
________2. mass b. the amount of matter something has
________3. atoms c. how something looks, feels, smells, taste or sounds
________4. solids d. anything that takes up space and has mass
________5. liquid e. matter that has its own shape
________6. gas f. tiny particles that matter is made of
________7. physical g. matter that takes the shape of its container properties

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 L E S S ON
Substances undergo changes when their conditions are changed. A change in
condition could be a decreased or an increased in temperature

Matter is characterized by their physical and chemical properties. Physical

properties pertain to those that are measured without changing the composition of the
substance. These include the color, odor, texture, boiling point, density, etc.

Chemical properties, on the other hands, can be observed if a chemical reaction

has occurred and thus there is a change in the composition of the substance. There are
two types of changes, physical and chemical change.

When a substance undergoes a change without affecting the chemical

composition of matter then it is considered a physical change, grinding, breaking,
crushing, bending and changes in the state of matter are examples of physical changes
or reversible change. This means that by a way or another, matter can be returned back
to its original state. Given examples, melting of ice, dissolving of table salt, cutting of
papers, melting chocolate, bending (ducting) of metals, and water cycle. Chemical
change or irreversible processes involves a change in the substance’s chemical
composition, that is, new substances are produced. This means that the new substance
can’t be returned back to its original case. Given example melting of sugar, rotting of
fruits, burning of sulfur, photosynthesis process, food digestions and fermentation.

Physical change does not lead to a change in the identity of the substance. Many
physical changes are reversible, especially those involved in phase change.

Possible signs a physical change has taken place.

 Change of shape
 Change of state (solid, liquid, or gas)
 Change in size
 Change in any other physical property

A chemical change involves a change in shape and its structure of the substance giving
a new substance with new properties.
Possible sign a chemical change occurred.
 A change in color
 A change in the substances’ temperature
 Light is given off.
 A gas is produced.
 A change in taste

Figure 1. Composting and Urban Gardening Project of Pasig Green Heart Saver

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 Pasigueños are committed to making the city clean, green, and healthy, by
applying physical and chemical changes concepts. Composts from decayed banana
peelings and left-over foods are turned into garden soil.

Almost 30 barangays – or villages in Pasig City– have dedicated spaces for

community-based urban gardens. Based on the interest expressed by residents at the
Ambitious City Promises public consultations, the city is continuously offering capacity
building activities on urban gardening, organic composting, waste segregation, and
similar topics to offer communities. (City Talk A Vlog by ICEI: September 10, 2019).

ACTIVITIES
Let’s check your understanding, by performing the three sets of activities.

ACTIVITY 1: PHYSICAL SYSTEMS

(Experiments will be conducted through video)

Objective: Understand the concept of physical change.

Materials:

Paper Alcohol burner

Ice cubes Transparent sheet (glass,
Tin or aluminum can Plexiglas)

Procedure:
1. Tear out pieces of paper, preferably from newspaper or tissue paper. Note down
the appearance of the edges.
2. Put some ice cubes into an aluminum or tin can and heat over an alcohol
burner. Partially cover with a piece of transparent glass or Plexiglas or acrylic
sheet, making sure that there is a small opening for steam to escape.
(Warning: The tin/aluminum container will be very hot after a while!)
3. Note the appearance of ice, liquid water, and steam. How do you know that
steam is being formed? What do you notice on the inner side of the transparent
cover?

Guide Questions:
1. What do you notice about the edges of the torn paper? Can you make out the
fibers that make up the paper?
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Are the condensed droplets on the transparent cover the same as the liquid
water that came from the melted ice?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Can you reverse the change in phase of a substance?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 ACTIVITY 2: CHEMICAL SYSTEMS
(Experiments will be conducted through video)

Objective: Understand the concept of chemical change.

Materials:

Dilute HCl Baking soda

Zn from dry cell battery Dilute NaOH
Match Mayana extract
Vinegar Gumamela extract

Procedures:
1. Put 10ml of HCl (dilute) in a test tube. Get a piece of Zn (from inside a dry cell
battery) and polish it with sandpaper. Cut into smaller pieces and drop into the
tube. Cover the test tube with a piece of cardboard for a few seconds then remove
cover and immediately put a lighted matchstick to the mouth of the tube. Take
note of all changes taking place.
2. To 10 mL of vinegar in a bottle (with narrow mouth), add a teaspoon of baking
soda. Immediately put a candle to the mouth.
3. To 5 mL dilute HCl, add 5 mL dilute NaOH, and touch the glass container to
check for change of temperature.
4. To 5 mL dilute NaOH, add extract of mayana or gumamela.

Guide Question:
1. What are evidences of a chemical reaction? _______________________________
2. What is the popping sound due to? ________________________________________
3. What else indicates the release of a gas in the reaction?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 3: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Classify the following as either physical change or chemical change.
_______________1. Dry ice evaporates to CO 2.
_______________2. Fumes are produced when bleach is mixed with vinegar.
_______________3. Teeth form plagues.
_______________4. Gold drawn into ring.
_______________5. A brilliant white flame is produced when magnesium burns.
_______________6. Formation of beautiful fireworks.
_______________7. Breaking of glass.
_______________8. Adding hot water to instant noodles.
_______________9. Making yoghurt.
_______________10. Water cycle.

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 WRAP–UP
Read and reflect the conversation of Mika and Roby, then answer the next activity.

A candle is lighted with a match. An inverted beaker is slowly placed over the
following observations are made.
____________1. The candle melts.
____________2. The wick burns brightly.
____________3. Water condenses at the side of the inverted beaker.
____________4. Soot (carbon) is deposited at the brim of the beaker.
____________5. Slowly dies out.
Which of these observations are caused by physical change or by chemical change?

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 VALUING

Fill in the missing words, the first and last letter will serve as your clue.

Our world is characterized by c _ _ _ _ e. Some changes do not change the identity

of the substance; some changes do. Those, which do not change the identity of the
substance or substances involved, are called p______l changes.
In a given time, an incredible number of chemical reactions are occurring. In some
reactions, elements combine to form compounds. In other reactions, compounds break
into elements; or in other reactions, one element replaces another.
We rely these changes for us to be able to s______e. The clothes that we wear and
the f___d that we ate are all results of these changes. Some of them are even happening
inside our body. Plants use energy from the sun to combine water and carbon dioxide,
which then react to form sugar and oxygen. When we ate plants and inhale the o_____n
from the air, the sugar and oxygen react in our cells to make waterer, carbon dioxide
and energy which will then use for our daily activities.

POST TEST

Let’s measures how much you have learned from this module. Write the letter of the
correct answer in your answer sheet.

1. A burning piece of paper and the oxygen in the air, undergo a chemical change. What
is one clue that a chemical change is taking place?
A. It gives off oxygen.
B. It breaks up into tiny pieces.
C. It weighs less after burning.
D. It gives off energy in the form of heat.

2. Which of the following is an example of chemical change?

A. cracking an egg
B. cooking a raw egg
C. a chicken laying an egg
D. dropping an egg onto the floor

3. Unlike a physical change, a chemical change cannot be____________.

A. explained
B. done
C. proven
D. reversed

4. When a piece of fruit rots, it goes through _______________change.

A. nonexistent
B. reversible
C. physical and chemical
D. only physical

5. A change in color, a change in smell, light is given off and gas production are all
possible signs that________________________.
A. no change has occurred
B. a physical change has occurred
C. a chemical change has occurred
D. a reversible change has occurred

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Science 8
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 8
Phase Change of Matter

EXPECTATION
Usually, solids are denser than liquids because their molecules are closer. Water is
an important exception to this rule. Water’s unique quality. Water changes to ice, it
changes to vapor and this water vapor changes to water again. What type of change does
it undergoes?
For this lesson, we will be studying the Phase Change of Matter.
At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:
1. enumerate and discuss the different physical/phase changes in matter
(evaporation, condensation, sublimation);
2. trace the path of changes and describe possible signs on the occurrence of
physical and chemical changes; and
3. appreciate the practical applications of physical and chemical changes.

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 PRE–TEST
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1.The process by which a gas changes into a liquid is called .
A. condensation C. precipitation
B. evaporation D. transpiration
2. The water drops that was collected on a cold glass of lemonade come from________.
A. the air C. the lemonade
B. a puddle D. the glass itself

3. The process of changing from a liquid state to a gas state___________

A. condensation C. evaporation
B. deposition D. sublimation

4. Water freezes at what temperature?

A. 212 degrees F C. 32 degrees F
B. 32 degrees C D. 212 degrees C

5. Which of the following is NOT a way that matter changes phase?

A. evaporating C. melting
B. freezing D. mixing

RECAP
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Matter can change its state when heat, cold, or pressure is applied.
Write down if the change that occurred is PHYSICAL change or CHEMICAL change.

1.___________Whisking egg whites 6.__________________Boiling eggs

2.___________Chopping wood 7.__________________Evaporation of water
3.___________Adding salt to water 8.__________________Melting wax
4.___________Folding paper 9.__________________Freezing water to ice
5.___________Baking a cake 10._________________Melting butter

LESSON
What is a phase change? Phase change is a change from one state of matter (solid,
liquid, gas, plasma) to another. Phase changes are physical changes because, it only affects
physical appearance, not chemical make-up.

What happens during a phase change? During a phase change, heat energy is
either absorbed or released. Heat energy is released as molecules slow down and move
closer together. Heat energy is absorbed as molecules speed up and expand.

Energy is either absorbed or released during a phase change. Endothermic

reaction occurs if the system absorbs energy from its surroundings; energy goes IN,
examples; baking bread, producing sugar by photosynthesis, evaporation of water, etc.
Exothermic reaction occurs if the system releases energy to its surroundings: energy
goes OUT. ”Exo”, think of “exit”, examples of exothermic are making ice cubes,
condensation, nuclear fission, rusting iron, etc.

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 How to recognize a phase change? Take note, that by just merely measuring the
temperature of a substance as it is heated, or cooled temperature of a substance DOES
NOT change during a phase change.

The six ways to change the phase (state) of matter:

Melting changes, a solid to liquid. Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb
heat energy. (i.e. dripping icicles)

Freezing changes a liquid to solid. Molecules slow down, move closer together and release
heat energy. (i.e. lake freezing over)

Evaporation turns liquid to gas on the surface of a liquid (occurs at all temperatures).
Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy.
(i.e. clothes drying on a clothesline)

Condensation transforms gas to liquid. Molecules slow down, move closer together and
release heat energy. (i.e. water forming on the outside of a cold glass)

Sublimation changes a solid gas. Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb
heat energy. (i.e. ice cubes shrinking in the freezer)

Figure 1: Sublimation of Dry Ice

Deposition changes a gas to solid. Molecules slow down, move closer together and release
heat energy. (i.e. frost forming on the windows)

These changes occur at specific temperatures for different substances. Scientists

refer to these as melting points, freezing point, condensing point, and boiling point.
Water’s melting point is 0°C (32 ºF), while its boiling point is 100°C.

Figure 2: The Earth Endlessly Recycles Our Water Supply.

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 This is an important feature of water; surface water is evaporated from the earth
through the energy of the sun. The water vapor shapes clouds in the sky. Changing the
temperature and weather conditions, the water vapor condenses and drops to the earth
as different types of precipitation. Some precipitation runs from high areas to low areas
on the earth’s exterior. This is known as surface runoff. Other precipitation seeps into
the ground and is stored as groundwater. Groundwater is water that saturates the gaps
between rocks and soil particles underground, in much the same way as water fills a
sponge. Groundwater begins as precipitation and absorbs into the ground where it is
deposited in underground geological water systems called aquifers. Sometimes
groundwater feeds springs, lakes, and other surface waters or is drawn out of the ground
by humans. The water then can evaporate, form clouds, and return to the earth to begin
the cycle over again.

ACTIVITIES
Let us check your understanding, by performing the three sets of activities.

ACTIVITY 1: Matter Phase Change

How can the states of matter can be changed from one form to another? Use the
word bank to fill in the arrow with the correct terms. Then fill in the sentences
below.
WORD BANK
sublimation liquid condensation same
melting solid evaporation steam
freezing water deposition solid/ice

1. I started as a solid. When I get hot, I melt and become_________________________.

2. I start as a liquid. When I get cold, I freeze into_________________________________.
3. I start as a liquid. When I get hot, I evaporate into a____________________________.
4. I start out as a solid. When I get cold, I stay the________________________________.
5. I am a gas when I get cold, I turn into__________________________________________.

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 ACTIVITY 2: PHASES OF MATTER FOLDABLE

Directions:
1. Cut the paper along pre-marked lines.
2. Fold the outside flaps in. Refer to the sample.
3. Cut the inside flaps to separate each. Then paste to the correct illustration on its
inner flap.
4. You can color your work and put some design.

Sample:

(Outside flap)

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(Inside flap)

Activity 3: PHASE CHANGE INFOGRAPHICS

For this activity, you will be using the internet and other available
browser/resources to find ways to make an infographic that shows practical
applications of phase changes in matter found at home, community, industry and new
substances using the following terms: solid, liquid, gas, condensation, evaporation,
sublimation, melting, freezing, deposition, vaporization. Use any editing app on your
mobile devices or you can use websites such as Canva to make your designs. Once you
are done, post the infographic to your social media.

Sample infographics

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 WRAP–UP
Arbhey’s Day in School!
Directions: Read the conversation between Arbhey and his mother. Fill in the missing word to
complete the statement.

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 VALUING

Changes in matter are deliberately done to help man improve his life. Phase
changes in present-day technology includes refrigerators and freezers in the operation
of cold storage rooms as a cooling agent. Geothermal power plant used to power turbine
generators producing electricity.

Look around your house, like in the kitchen, rooms and in the garden.

Observe some phase changes has taken place.

POST TEST
Let us measures how much you have learned from this module. Write the letter of the correct
answer in your answer sheet.

1.Which of the following is NOT a way that matter changes phase?

A. evaporation C. melting
B. freezing D. mixing

2. The phase change from water vapor to liquid water is known as...
A. freezing C. precipitation
B. evaporation D. sublimation

3. What do you call when a solid turn directly into a gas?

A. condensation C. evaporation
B. deposition D. sublimation

4. What happens to particles when they are heated? A. They stop moving.
B. They slow down and compress
C. They move closer together and speed up
D. They speed up and spread out only a physical change.

5. What is deposition?
A. Phase change from gas to solid
B. Phase change from solid to gas
C. Phase change from liquid to gas
D. phase change from liquid to solid

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