The Problem and Its Background Rationale: Pangasinan State University

Pangasinan State University
College of Criminology
Binmaley, Pangasinan
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Rationale
The licensure examination is one of the final
hurdles that a graduate must pass to practice his or her
profession. It is the minimum set of requirements that they
must meet to pursue or fulfill his or her aspirations of
becoming a known expert in his or her profession.
Criminology is the social science that studies crime.
It is the study of crime in general and the influence of
crime on society, the causes of crime, and the criminals
themselves. The study's goal is to determine what motivates
people to commit crimes or act in criminal ways. It also
investigates why some locations have higher crime rates or
how crime impacts victims. The study of criminology
encompasses everything related to criminals, crimes, and
crime victims (Writers, 2021).
The Bachelor of Science in Criminology is a four-year
degree program designed for those interested in law
enforcement, security administration, criminal detection, or
penal administration. Students will learn about the many
ideas, policies, practices, and regulations related to
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criminal behavior and the ways used to manage deviant
behavior. Graduates with a bachelor's degree in criminology
can work at universities, research institutions, prisons, or
law enforcement agencies. They could work as a cop, a
forensic photographer, a court peace officer, a discipline
officer, or an investigator (Bachelor of Science in
Criminology, n.d).
A graduate of a Bachelor’s in Science in Criminology
must pass the Criminologist Licensure Examination to become
a Criminologist in the Philippines. This is mandated under
Republic Act No. 6506 known as the law creating the Board of
Criminology of the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC).
The Criminology Licensure Examination is administered twice
a year by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC).
Criminology Jurisprudence and Procedure, Law Enforcement
Administration, Crime Detection and Investigation,
Criminalistics, Correctional Administration, Criminal
Sociology are the main subjects of the exam (Board Exam,
2021).
According to Hertz and Chin (n.d) One of the final
hurdles a candidate must overcome in the licensing process
is the licensing examination. The ultimate responsibility of
a board is to ensure that the examination satisfies
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technical, professional, and legal standards, as well as to
protect the public's health, safety, and welfare by
evaluating candidates' skills to perform competently. When a
candidate passes a licensing examination, the board must
feel confident in granting the license, ensuring the public
that the licensee is at least minimally prepared to practice
at the time of initial licensure.
Both private and public higher education institutions
(HEIs) have used licensing examinations as one of the
available metrics of student results and evidence of
excellent instruction. It functioned as the foundation and
source of data for the institutional level as a measure of
their success by comparing institutional passing to national
passing. Most HEIs have traditionally aimed for a 100
percent institutional passing rate on any licensure exam. If
not, the above national costume will suffice as an
achievement. The performance of graduates in board
examinations is used to determine the quality of graduates
generated by a given institution. Schools frequently
establish intervention and remediation programs that are
used to boost the number of people who pass a certain
license exam (Laguador, 2020).
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University of the Cordilleras took first place in the
best performing schools’ category in the June 2019 CLE, with
a 100% passing rate (all 101 test-takers passed). Lipa City
Colleges came in second, with 87.27 percent of their
students passing (48 out of 55). Cavite State University
topped the schools in November 2019, with 98.78 percent (81
out of 82) on the exams. TSU came in second with 97.06
percent, or 66 out of 68 students passing (PRC, 2022).
Herrero (2015) revealed in her study entitled
“Influence of Selected Factors on CPA Licensure Examination
Results” that home/family factors (financial support from
parents, parental involvement in studies, motivation, and
encouragement) have a significant impact on performance.
In addition, an article written by LLego (n.d) entitled
“Top Reasons Why Most Takers Fail the Licensure Examination
for Teachers (LET)” stated that money can be one of the
reasons. Chances of passing is compromised because the
examinees can’t afford to buy quality review materials that
will help them enhance exam success.
The Pangasinan State University Binmaley-Campus (PSU-
Binmaley) is one of the five (5) Universities in Pangasinan
that offers criminology course. And one of the goals of this
University is to produce topnotcher in the field of
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criminology. Thus, the researchers were conducted this study
because they believe that knowing the factors that influence
the likelihood of passing the Criminology Licensure
Examination (CLE) is beneficial to students pursuing a
Bachelor of Science in Criminology students who will take
the CLE in the future. Because for criminology students,
passing the licensure examination is a significant
achievement, and having a large number of passers will help
the university attracts more students to enroll in the
future.
Conceptual Framework
In the Philippines, the Criminal Justice Education is
formed in compliance with the relevant sections of Republic
Act No. 7722, often known as the “Higher Education Act of
1994”. Through a national system of excellence for
criminology education, it strives to deliver high-quality
education by enhancing the edification and training of
teachers across the country. In addition, the Commission on
Higher Education (CHED) issued Memorandum Order No. 21,
series of 2005, which detailed the criminology program's
policies and criteria for the academic year 2005-2006. In
the subject of criminology, the memorandum envisage engaging

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higher educational institutions to generate graduates with
the knowledge and abilities to stand the test of
globalization. The trustworthy assessment of how well
students in criminology education are equipped to practice
their chosen profession as future criminologists. It's all
part of the process of passing the Criminologist Licensure
Examination, which is the only way to get a license to
practice the profession (Asuncion, 2019).
President Rodrigo Duterte has signed a bill governing
the practice of criminology in the Philippines into law. The
Philippine Criminology Profession Act 2018, also known as
Duterte's Republic Act (RA) 11131, effectively repeals RA
6506, which established the Board of Examiners for
criminologists in the country. RA 11131 regulates
criminologists' examinations, registration, and licensure;
the supervision, control, and regulation of criminology
practice; the standardization and regulation of criminology
education; the development of criminologists' professional
competence; and the integration of all criminology
progressional groups. The Professional Regulatory Board for
Criminologists, a collegial body under the administrative
supervision and authority of the Professional Regulation
Commission, is also established by Duterte's new law (PRC).
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The board will include a chairperson and four members,
all of whom will be selected by the President. The
Professional Regulatory Board for Criminologists is
responsible for administering, supervising, and monitoring
the license, examination, registration, membership, and
practice of criminology, according to the legislation. The
board is also responsible for promulgating and issuing rules
and regulations, as well as adopting a Code of Ethics and
Good Governance for criminology practice. To pass the
criminologist licensure examination, a candidate must have a
weighted average of 75 percent and no grade below 60 percent
in any subject, according to RA 11131. It is also directed
to deliver professional criminologist oaths to successful
examinees in criminologist license exams. Applicants who
have been "previously convicted of a crime with finality
containing moral turpitude" may be disqualified from taking
the licensure exam. It also has the authority to issue,
suspend, revoke, or restore a registered criminologist's
certificate of registration, as well as to terminate a
foreign criminologist's temporary or special permit. The law
also directs the board to receive complaints, hear cases of
infractions of the newly signed act, and investigate them.
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The Professional Regulatory Board for Criminologists is
required to provide an annual report on its accomplishments
in programs, projects, and activities and submit it to the
PRC (Gita, 2018). The sole aim of a licensing examination is
to identify people who have the bare minimum of knowledge
and experience to perform job tasks safely and competently—
not to pick the “best” applicants or assure that licensed
people succeed. As a result, licensure exams differ
significantly from academic or employment exams. Academic
exams measure a person's ability to define and comprehend
terms and concepts. Candidates that meet the job
requirements might be ranked using an employment examination
According to Hertz and Chin (n.d).
With these concepts, below is the figure 1 that
illustrates the paradigm of the study using the Input-
Process-Output model (IPO).
These input variables of the study include the profile
of the respondents and factors affecting the criminology
licensure examination. These input variables are process by
way of statistically analyzing the data (see Process box).
This study’s expected outcome is the determination of the
factors affecting the criminology licensure examination
performance of the criminology graduates in PSU Binmaley.
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Research Paradigm
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
 Determinat
ion of the
factors
affecting
 Profile of  Distribution the
the of survey criminolog
Respondents questionnaire y
 Factors through licensure
Affecting the Google forms examinatio
Criminology  Analyzing of n
Licensure Data performanc
Examination e of the
Performance criminolog
y
graduates
in PSU
Binmaley
Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study
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Statement of the Problem
The study aims to determine the factors affecting the
criminology licensure examination performance of criminology
graduates in Pangasinan State University Binmaley,
Pangasinan. Result of this study will serve as basis for
improving the criminology licensure examination performance.
Specifically, this is to answer the following
questions:
1. What is the trend of the Criminology Licensure
Examination Performance from 2015-2019 in PSU Binmaley?
2. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the
following:
2.1 Age;
2.2 Sex;
2.3 Civil Status;
2.4 Current Occupation;
2.5 Year taken the Licensure Examination;
2.6 Mock Board;
2.6 Enrolled in a Review Center;
2.7 Comprehensive Review;
2.8 Critical Review; and
2.9 Completed the review
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3. What are the factors affecting the Criminology
Licensure Examination Performance of Criminology
Graduates?
4. What are the measures to be recommended to improve the
Criminology Licensure Examination Performance?
Assumption of the Study
In conducting this study, the following assumptions
were made. It was assumed that:
1. The instruments will obtain reliable responses and will
provide a good result pertaining to the factors affecting
the criminology licensure examination performance of
criminology graduates in Pangasinan State University
Binmaley, Pangasinan.
2. The respondents will understand the questions they will
be ask and they will answer the questions honestly.
3. Recommended measures will improve the Criminology
Licensure Examination Performance.
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Scope and Delimitation
This study endeavors to determine the factors that
affect the criminology licensure examination performance of
criminology graduates in Pangasinan State University
Binmaley, Pangasinan.
The respondents of this study are the criminology
graduates of 2015 to 2019 who took the licensure examination
(first timers and retakers) last 2015 to 2019. This study
did not include those who did not yet took the criminology
licensure examination.
Significance of the Study
This study aims to determine the factors that affect
the Criminology Licensure Examination performance.
It would be beneficial to:
Criminology Students. This study contains information about
the preparation of criminology graduates in criminology
licensure examination. Thus, this research served as their
guide because they will acquire or obtain knowledge about
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what preparation they must do before taking the criminology
licensure examination.
College Professors. The findings revealed, will know the
factors that affect the criminology licensure examination
performance of the criminology graduates.
Administrators. Results of this study could be used as a
basis to develop action plan to increase the passing
percentage of the college of criminology.
Parents. The findings revealed, will be aware about the
factors that affect the performance of their child in
criminology licensure examination such as lack of financial
support, lack of moral support, and others.
Future Researchers. The findings of this study will be
beneficial to other future researchers who want to learn
more about the factors affecting the criminology licensure
examination performance.
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Definition of Terms
The operational definitions of the following terms are
provided to facilitate the understanding of this study.
Criminologist. A profession that a criminology graduate
aspires to become.
Criminology Licensure Examination. An examination that a
criminology graduate must pass to practice his or her
profession as Criminologist.
Factors. Circumstances that affect the Criminology Licensure
Examination performance.
Performance. Action done by the criminology graduates in
criminology licensure examination.
Performance Rating. Result of the Criminology Licensure
Examination don by the criminology graduates.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents a conceptual literature, research
literature and synthesis of the study relevant to the
various aspects of the research. It helped the researchers
to have further knowledge and perspective about the study.
Conceptual Literature
The term “examination” or “exam” is most used to
describe a person's evaluation. It assesses a person's
knowledge, skill, aptitude, physical fitness, ability, or
standing in a certain subject. It's a set of questions aimed
at determining such things (wikepedia, n.d).
The conceptual literature in this chapter focused 2 two
themes namely: Causes of Failing Exam and Tips on How to
Pass the Licensure Examination.
Causes of Failing Exam
According to Bedna (2017) Lack of Preparation is the
number one causes of exam failure. Preparation is the
necessary action that a candidate must do before taking an
examination. In other words, being prepared makes them
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confident that they will pass the examination. Successful
examination depends on how they prepare in the said
examination. Preparation is done to have a better result
that will benefit them achieving and succeeding with the
goal they are aiming. The action without any preparation is
a consequence of something, in short, preparation is the key
if you want a great result.
According to Llego (n.d) money can be one of the
causes. Chances of passing is compromised because the
examinees can’t afford to buy quality review materials such
as books, gadgets that will help them enhance exam success.
Leo (2018) states that “It is necessary to aspire to
pass exams. A candidate who does not understand why he or
she must succeed will fail. A candidate who refuses to
motivate himself or herself by studying diligently is likely
to be heartbroken before the journey is completed. Success
belongs to the few who choose to succeed, not the chosen
few.”.
Tips on How to Pass the Licensure Examination
1. Make up your mind that you are going to take the exam.
Rebancos (n.d) states that “Do not push yourself
too hard; only review when your mind is ready.”.
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2. Have a strong sense of self-control.
Caintic (n.d) states that “Remove as many
distractions as possible, such as social media. Get rid
of your pessimism. Keep a positive attitude. Try to be
humble. Be receptive to fresh information and don't
pretend to know everything. Don't get discouraged
easily. Accept that some are better than you. Simply be
yourself.”.
3. Believe in yourself and your ability to succeed.
Pinote (n.d) states that “Simply be yourself when
taking the exam and don't be overconfident because in
the end, failing is quite embarrassing. Do your best
and accept the result, whether you pass or fail.”.
4. Don't put too much pressure on your body or mind.
Sarabia (n.d) states that “Schedule time to review
which subjects you want to cover and split the time
according to the importance of the subjects. Don't
review if your body and heart aren't in the mood. It
would be pointless to push oneself. Do not be
influenced by your peers; you are the expert on your
own learning method. Take a break every now and again.
Eat, sleep, and do nothing; our bodies and minds
require rest, and it can also aid mental well-being.
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Positive ideas attract positive events, according to
the Law of Attraction.”.
5. You should have a good understanding of everything.
Fam (n.d) states that “Because not everything you
learned in the review center will appear on the actual
board exams, it is critical that you have a good
understanding of everything. Always return to your
fundamentals because the questions are simple but
difficult to understand. When answering, start by
eliminating the two obvious erroneous answers, so you
have a 50 percent chance of getting the proper answer.
Always choose the answer that is entirely related and
closely related when deciding between the two remaining
options. (This is true when you are unfamiliar with the
subject), yet the bottom line is. Always be aware of
the topic's fundamental concepts. Pray first on the day
of the board exam. Arrive early at the testing
location. Smiling or praying on your seat can help you
relax. Because anxiety is contagious, avoid unnecessary
conversations with people who are releasing their
anxiety. Pay attention to the directions. Use caution
when filling up your response sheet. As much as
possible, read the question thoroughly. Read it out
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loud where you can hear it so you can understand it
better, but not so loudly that it disturbs others. If
you're unsure, try to rationalize your answer as much
as possible. Don't make any changes to your initial
response. (Especially if it's a guess) Your initial
response is instinctive, and your brain recalls it.
Trust your gut feelings. Answer that is relevant to the
question in some way. Underline the primary question in
the question and encircle the hint words. If your
anxieties get the best of you while you're answering,
take a minute to catch your breath and then try again.
A lot of focus is required. Questioning the question is
not a good idea. Avoid leaning on the back of the chair
as much as possible to avoid tiredness. Only lean on
the arm of your seat, not your back. Keep your watch
towards you to keep track of the time. Finally, pray
before handing in your sheet and in any situation.
Because, in the end, only God will decide whether you
will pass. You can never go wrong if you always answer
inside the notion.”.
6. Remember to pray as well.
Castro (n.d) states that “Prepare yourself
physically, mentally, emotionally, and most
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importantly, spiritually. If you let God handle your
fears, no obstacle is too huge. Find something or
someone who motivates you to do whatever it takes to
pass the exam and train and discipline yourself to be
dedicated and motivated in achieving it.”.
7. Always remember to be modest.
Quitevis (n.d) states that “Never push others
down, never think of life as a competition, always
help, coordinate, and collaborate, always remember
where you came from.”.
Research Literature
Research literature presents the related studies of
Factors Affecting the Licensure Examination Performance to
understand the purpose and expectation of the research and
to demonstrate knowledge of available sources.
In the study of Juan, et al. (2018) “LEVEL OF TEST
ANXIETY ENCOUNTERED BY THE BS CRIMINOLOGY BOARD EXAMINEES:
BASIS FOR A PROPOSED PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION PROGRAM”
found that most of the participants had “minimal anxiety” in
terms of test anxiety's physiological manifestations and a
“moderately high-test anxiety level” in terms of test
anxiety's psychological manifestations. A psychological
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intervention program aimed at reducing anxiety before and
during test taking was proposed.
Takahashi (2018) found in his research entitled
“Factors Affecting Board Takers of UPHSD in passing the
Criminology Board Examination” that most of the respondents
agreed that Academic Study and Personal or Traits are the
causes of failing the examination. And most of the
respondents agreed that the six (6) subjects of the board
exam are all difficult.
(Albina etal., 2022) conducted research entitled
“Factors and Challenges Influencing the Criminologist
Licensure Examination Performance through the Non-passers’
Lens”. The finding of the study established that the home
and family factor have a significant impact on CLE
achievement, whereas the student, school, review center, and
personal factors had a moderate impact. Furthermore,
ten clusters of themes revealed as factors that influence
CLE success. The availability of qualified and motivated
professors, as well as enthusiasm and attention on the
program, were among them. Lack of exam preparation because
of one's job, as well as personal and societal demands, were
among the topics that arose as problems. When respondents
are divided by gender, there is a considerable disparity in
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their perceptions of the characteristics that influence CLE
success. Only when respondents are classified according to
their civil status does a substantial difference emerge in
terms of the problems associated with preparing for and
taking the CLE. Married respondents, on average, had higher
weighted means than single respondents. This means that the
cited difficulties had a greater impact on married
respondents than on single respondents.
Ventayen (2020) recommended in her research entitled
“Academic Predictors of the Licensure Examination for
Teachers: A Thematic Review of Studies Investigating
Students Performance” that public universities and colleges,
as well as other private schools, should use a variety of
strategies to obtain a high pass rate.
Herrero (2015) revealed that Student factors (interest
in the accounting program, time spent studying lessons, and
use of library/internet resources in research activities)
and home/family factors (financial support, parental
involvement in studies, motivation, and encouragement) have
a significant impact on performance; school factors
(adequacy of relevant library books and materials, adequacy
of technology hardware and software, good accounting
program, and good accountancy program) have a minor impact
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on performance. The researcher recommended that regular
assessment through qualifying examinations should be done,
and pre-board/mock examinations in review classes should be
improved.
Herrero (n.d) revealed in her studuy entitled
“Influence of Selected Factors on CPA Licensure Examination
Results” that student factors (interest in the accounting
program, time spent studying lessons, and use of
library/internet resources in research activities) and
home/family factors (financial support from parents,
parental involvement in studies, motivation, and
encouragement) have a significant impact on performance;
school factors (adequacy of relevant library books and
materials, adequacy of technology hardware and software,
good accounting program, and good accounting faculty) have a
minor impact on performance.
As recommended by Asuncion (2019) in his study entitled
“The Status of Criminology Graduates of Isabela State
University in the Criminologists Licensure Examination for
the April 2010- October 2014 Examinations” that all
criminology chairpersons and faculty members must conduct a
careful and thorough examination of the subjects included in
the professional components of the BS Criminology curriculum
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in relation to competencies for each subject area. The ISUS
curriculum for BS Criminology should be checked and updated
on a regular basis to ensure that it keeps up with changes
in the Criminology Education curriculum. Additionally, the
review coordinator, facilitators, professors, and
administrators should encourage all graduates of the school
who will be taking the licensing exam to enroll in the
review center before taking the exam.
Asuncion (2019) revealed in his study entitled “Hitches
Encountered by Criminology Graduates of Isabela State
University the Criminologists Licensure Examination: A Basis
for Proposed Program Enhancement” that the hitches
encountered by the respondents regarding the “Review
Sessions” on “Instructional Equipment and Facilities” are
less serious. Hitches encaountered by the respondents
regarding the "Personal Preparations” on “financial aspects”
and “mental aspects” are moderately serious. Hitches
encountered by the respondents regarding the “Personal
Preparations” on the “physical element” are less serious.
Calubayan (2020) found in her research entitled
“Performance of Southern Luzon State University – BS
Accountancy in the Board Licensure Examination: A Basis of
Proposed Intervention Program” that the number one major
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hurdle encountered by the examinees was a lack of confidence
because of unexpected topics/questions encountered
throughout the review and actual board examination.
Oatme (2021) found in his research entitled “Factors
affecting the results of national nursing license
examination among newly graduated nurses in a private
nursing college, Thailand: A mixed methods research” that
help from friends, time management, and personal
characteristics all contributed to passing the national
nursing licensure exams.
As to the study of Bajeta et.al (n.d) from Lyceum of
the Philippines University conducted research entitled
“Performance in the Criminology Licensure Examination as
Basis for Improvement of one Private School in the
Philippines” and according to them for the year 2008, most
examiners passed Criminal Justice and Procedure, whereas
most examiners passed Crime Detection and Investigation from
2009 to 2013. From School Year 2008 to 2013, there has been
a shifting pattern in the overall performance of BS
Criminology graduates on the licensure examination. There is
no discernible difference in any examiner's performance in
each subject. He also recommended that the college of
criminology must hold a seminar on the criminology licensing
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examination to fully brief the students on the exam. To
improve the performance of criminology students, a seminar
about examination strategies should be held.
All the above-mentioned research, on one way or
another, deals with factors that affects the licensure
examination performance. This research is different from all
that in a sense that it focuses on the determination of the
factors that affect the licensure examination performance.
Synthesis of the Study
The stated literature and studies support the study.
The citation of the different author and writers which are
indicated in the conceptual literature and related studies
will served as a basis of the researchers to formulate their
own study.
The academic performance of students in each
institution is critical in determining the educational
quality, which ensures the efficiency and effectiveness of a
selected profession or career. It implies a higher quality
of instructional system performance, and as a result,
student achievement on the licensure examination shows both
the institution's efficiency and the students' intellectual
capacity. There are many factors that affects the
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performance of the board examinees or factors that affects
the passing rate of the university such us the test takers
or the examinees encountered difficulty in their exam, they
encountered anxiety before and during the exam which affects
their performance, insufficient preparation of the board
takers for the examination, lack of financial support to buy
quality review materials that would help them to success in
their exams, lack of motivation, pressure from their family
due to high expectation, lack of moral support and others.
The gathered literature and research showed the factors
affecting the licensure examination and how these factors
affect the performance of the examinees or test takers.
Thus, these literature and research helped the researchers
to identify and determine the factors affecting the
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter focuses on the research design used,
locale of the study, respondents of the study,
instrumentation, data gathering procedure. It likewise
incorporates the statistical treatment that was used in the
analysis and interpretation of the data.
Research Design
A Quantitative Research Design (Descriptive Research)
was used by the researchers. According to (Williams, 2021)
Quantitative research aims to gain a better understanding of
the social world through data collection. Quantitative
design is used by researchers to observe conditions or
events that have an impact on people. Quantitative research
yields objective data that can be expressed effectively
using statistics and numbers. Thus, the researchers utilized
this method to determine the factors that affects the
criminology licensure examination performance.
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Locale of the Study
The study was conducted in Pangasinan State University
Binmaley Campus. PSU Binmaley Campus is one of the ten
campuses of the PSU located in Binmaley, Pangasinan and it
is one of the five (5) universities in Pangasinan that
offers criminology course.
The researchers chose the PSU Binmaley Campus as a
locale of their study because they would like to know or
determine the factors affecting the criminology licensure
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examination performance of the criminology graduates in this
university.
FIGURE 1
SITEMAP OF PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY BINMALEY, PANGASINAN
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of this study are 128 criminology
graduates from Pangasinan State University Binmaley
Pangasinan from Year 2015 to 2019. The researchers chose
them as the respondents of this study because they are the
one who encountered those factors before and during the
criminology licensure exam. The 128 respondents are
clustered using Purposive Sampling. According to (Alchemer,
2021) Purposive sampling, also known as judgemental,
selective, or subjective sampling, is a type of non-
probability sampling in which researchers choose people from
the public to participate in their surveys based on their
own judgment.
Respondents Number of Respondents
Criminology Graduates Year 12
2015
30
2016
2017
2018
2019
TOTAL 128
Table 1a
Distribution of Respondents
Instrumentation
Researchers used online (google forms) survey
questionnaire (researcher made and adopt the suggestions of
the panels) to gather pertinent data which is composed of
two sections. The first section pertains to the profile of
the respondents such as age, sex, civil status, current
occupation, year taken the licensure exam, mock board,
enrolled in a review center, comprehensive review, critical
review, and completed the review. The second section
pertains to the factors affecting the criminology licensure
examination performance.
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Data Gathering Procedure
This study used survey questionnaire technique. The one
hundred twenty-eight (128) target respondents were asked
their permission first to answer the following questions
created by the researchers regarding the factors affecting
the criminology licensure examination performance. The
researchers were introduced the research to the respondents
and discussed the purpose of establishing the study. The
criminology graduates were contacted through messenger to
get in touch with them and the researchers discussed about
the survey they are about to conduct. After the formal
discussion and agree to be one of the respondents, the
researchers were started to distribute the survey
questionnaire to the respondents and the researchers were
explained thoroughly the directions needed in answering the
questions for better understanding. The researchers make
sure the confidentiality of their survey questionnaire by
giving them freedom to answer the survey anonymously.
After that, the gathered data from the respondents was
validated and tallied by the researchers to make an outcome
result and formulate recommendations for the problems stated
at the statement of the problem.
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Statistical Treatment of Data
To answer the statement number 1 which pertains to the
trend of the Criminology Licensure Examination Performance
from 2015-2019 in PSU Binmaley, we based on the data from
school, and presented it through graph.
For problem number 2 regarding the profile of the
respondents such as age, sex, civil status, current
occupation, year taken the licensure exam, mock board,
enrolled in a review center, comprehensive review, critical
review and completed the review, frequency and percentage
distribution was used with the following formula:
P or % = (F/N) x 100 And presented it through tables.
Where in:
P= Percentage
F= Frequency
N= Total number of respondents
To answer problem number 3 regarding the factors that
affect the criminology licensure examination performance of
the criminology graduates, average weighted mean was used
with the following formula:
X
AWM = ∑N And presented it through tables.
33
Where in:
AWM – Average Weighted Mean
X – Total number of points given by the
respondents
N – Total number of respondents
Responses were quantified using a 5-point Likert scale.
Wherein respondents rated the factors that affects the
criminology licensure examination performance using the
following: 1 – strongly disagree, 2 – disagree, 3 – neutral,
4 – agree, 5 – strongly agree. And described using the
following weighted:
Limit Range Descriptive Equivalent
5 4.50 - 5.00 Strongly Agree (SA)
4 3.50 - 4.49 Agree (A)
3 2.50 - 3.49 Neutral (N)
2 1.50 - 2.49 Disagree (D)
1 1.00 - 1.49 Strongly Disagree (SD)
34
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
This chapter is concerned with the representation of
the data gathered, the analysis and interpretation of
findings of the researchers with regards to the to the
factors affecting the criminology licensure examination
performance of the criminology graduates in PSU Binmaley.
Data are presented in tabulated form for an easier
understanding and clear visualization of the findings of
this study.
Discussion of Findings
Part I. TREND OF THE CRIMINOLOGY LICENSURE EXAMINATION
PERFORMANCE FROM 2015-2018 IN PSU BINMALEY
35
NATIONAL AND PSU BINMALEY PASSING

RATE
120
100
80
Axis Title
60
40
20
0
Apr-15 Oct-15 Apr-16 Oct-16 Jun-17 Dec-17 Jun-18
Graph 1
Graph shows that last April 2015, the National passing
rate in criminology licensure examination is 29.51 and the
PSU Binmaley passing rate is 0. On the other hand, in
October 2015, the national passing rate is 32.68 and the PSU
Binmaley passing rate is 71.05. In April 2016, 23.9 is the
national passing rate and the PSU Binmaley passing rate
30.77. The national passing rate in October 2016 is 31.35
and the PSU Binmaley passing rate is 41.33. In June 2017,
the national passing rate is 24.99 and the passing rate of
PSU Binmaley is 10. The national passing rate last December
2017 is 35.67 and the passing rate of PSU Binmaley is 37.74.
And lastly, the national passing rate last June 2018 is
33.74 and the passing rate of PSU Binmaley is 15.15.
36
It has been observed that PSU Binmaley got high passing
rate last October 2015. The passing rate of PSU Binmaley
that month and year is 71.05 and exceeds the 32.68 national
passing rate.
Moreover, it has been also observed that the PSU
Binmaley Campus passing rate is always above the national
passing rate except last April 2015, June 2017 and June
2018. This means that the university and the criminology
graduates perform well, and they are mentally prepared in
Part II. Profile of the Respondents
This section presents the profile of the respondents.
It includes Age, Sex, Civil Status, Current Occupation, Year
taken the Licensure Examination, Mock board, Enrolled in a
review center, comprehensive review, critical review and
completed the review.
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
20-24 47 36.72%
25-29 81 63.28%
30-34 0 0%
37
Total 128 100
Table 2a
Profile of the Criminology Graduates in Terms of Age
As shown to in Table 2a, 47 or 36.72% are belong to 20-
24 age bracket, 81 or 63.28% are belong to 25-29 age
bracket, 0 or 0% are belong to 30-34 age bracket, which
implies that most of the respondents fall to 25-29 age
bracket.
SEX FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Male 79 61.72%
Female 49 38.28%
Total 128 100%
Table 2b
Profile of the Criminology Graduates in Terms of Sex
Table 2b shows that 79 or 61.72% among the respondents
are male and 49 or 38.28% are female. This means that
majority of the respondents are male. Most of the
criminology students who study criminology are male. This is
38
corroborated in the study of Guadamor and Eusebio (2018)
that the BS Criminology program is a male dominated degree.
CIVIL STATUS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Single 115 89.84%
Married 13 10.16%
Total 128 100%
Table 2c
Profile of Criminology Graduates in Terms of Civil Status
Table 2c shows that 115 or 89.84% among the respondents
are single and 13 or 10.16% are married. This means that
majority of the respondents are single. Criminology
graduates are still single until now because they want to
focus in their work or career to help their family.
OCCUPATION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Police Officer 39 30%
Unemployed 51 40%
Fire Officer 7 5%
Security Guard 2 1%
Enlisted Philippine Coast Guard 1 1%
Instructor 4 3%
39
Contact Tracer 4 3%
Family Business Helper 1 1%
Supply Officer 1 1%
Government Employee 4 3%
Officer of the AFP 3 2%
Clerk 3 2%
Navy 1 1%
Production Operator 1 1%
Immigration Consultant 1 1%
Jail Officer 1 1%
Micro-Finance Officer 1 1%
Administrative Aide 1 1%
Restaurant Chef 1 1%
Drug Law Enforcement Officer 1 1%
Total 128 100%
Table 2d
Profile of Criminology Graduates in Terms of Occupation
As shown in Table 2d, 39 or 30% among the respondents
are “Police Officers”, 51 or 40% are “Unemployed”, 7 or 5%
are “Fire Officers”, 2 or 1% are “Security Guards”, 1 or 1%
is “Enlisted Philippine Coast Guard”, 4 or 3% are
“Instructors”, 4 or 3% are “Contact Tracers”, 1 or 1% is
40
“Family Business Helper”, 1 or 1% is “Supply Officer”, 4 or
3% are “Government Employees”, 3 or 2% are “Officers of the
AFP”, 3 or 2% are “Clerks” and 1 or 1% is “Navy”.
This implies that majority of the respondents are
unemployed, or until now they don’t have work it is because
they have not yet passed the licensure exam. It also implies
that graduates of the BS Criminology program preferred to
join the law enforcement agencies to better apply what they
have learned in college. This is anchored or corroborated in
the study of (Guadamor and Eusebio, 2018) that most of
criminology graduates are employed in the government sector.
However, there are some who had no luck to be accommodated
in agencies that could match their educational
qualifications.
YEARK TAKEN THE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
LICENSURE EXAM
2015 12 9.37%
2016 14 10.94%
2017 28 21.87%
2018 29 22.66%
2019 45 35.16%
Total 128 100%
41
Table 2e
Profile of Criminology Graduates in Terms of Year Taken the
Licensure Exam
Table 2e shows that 12 or 9.37% among the respondents
took the licensure exam last “2015”, 14 or 10.94% took the
licensure exam last “2016”, 28 or 21.87% took the licensure
exam last “2017”, 29 or 22.66% took the licensure exam last
“2018” and 45 or 35.16% took the licensure exam last “2019”.
This implies that majority of the respondents took the
licensure exam last “2019”. This explains that criminology
graduates took their exam after their graduation while
criminology graduates did not because they work immediately
after they graduated.
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Yes 115 89.84%
No 13 10.16%
TOTAL 128 100%
Table 2f
Profile of Criminology Graduates in Terms of Mock Board
42
As shown in Table 2f that 115 or 89.84% among the
respondents answered “Yes” and 13 or 10.16% answered “No”.
This means that majority of the respondents answered “Yes”.
Thus, most of the respondents took Mock Board.
This is corroborated in the study of Tarun et al.
(2014) that the mock board exam result, as well as the
overall weighted average of the graduates' academic
achievement, are significant to the response attribute in
the LET performance
Furthermore, it is a valuable tool for students to use
as a learning activity to familiarize themselves with
question styles and overall board exam performance. This
encourages pupils to study and prepare for the national
board examination. It can be a useful complement to board
preparation tasks.
Yes 117 91.41%
No 11 8.59%
TOTAL 128 100%
Table 2g
43
Profile of Criminology Graduates in Terms of Enrolled in a
Review Center
As shown in Table 2g that 117 or 91.41% among the
respondents answered “Yes” and 11 or 8.59% answered “No”.
This means that majority of the respondents answered “Yes”.
Thus, most of the respondents Enrolled in a Review Center.
Almost of the criminology graduates enrolled in a review
center because they want to enhance or refresh their
knowledge and competencies in preparation for the licensure
examination.
Yes 116 91%
No 12 9%
TOTAL 128 100%
Table 2h
Profile of Criminology Graduates in Terms of Comprehensive
Review
44
As shown in Table 2h that 116 or 91% among the
respondents answered “Yes” and 12 or 9% answered “No”. This
means that majority of the respondents answered “Yes”. Thus,
most of the respondents undergone Comprehensive Review.
Yes 100 78%
No 28 22%
TOTAL 128 100%
Table 2i
Profile of Criminology Graduates in Terms of Critical Review
Table 2i that 100 or 78% among the respondents answered
“Yes” and 28 or 22% answered “No”. This means that majority
of the respondents answered “Yes”. Thus, most of the
respondents undergone Critical Review.
Yes 110 85.94%
No 18 14.06
TOTAL 128 100%
Table 2j
45
Profile of Criminology Graduates in Terms of Completed the
Review
Table 2i that 110 or 85.94% among the respondents
answered “Yes” and 18 or 14.06% answered “No”. This means
that majority of the respondents answered “Yes”. Thus, most
of the respondents Completed their Review. Criminology
graduates completed their review to be fully prepared in
criminology licensure examination. However, some of the
criminology graduates did not complete the review because
some of them did not undergo critical review or
comprehensive review because of some circumstances.
Part III. Factors affecting the Criminology Licensure
Examination
- Descriptive
Indicators x Equivalent
1. Social Media Platforms (Facebook, 3.47 Neutral
YouTube, Instagram etc.)
2. Not comfortable in the study area. 3.18 Neutral
3. Lack of Moral Support. 3.47 Neutral
46
4. Lack of Financial Support. 3.53 Agree
5. Pressure from family due to high 4.07 Agree
expectation.
6. Vices (Smoking, Alcohol Drinking 3.05 Neutral
etc.)
7. Anxiety/ Depression. 4.25 Agree
8. Part Time Job/ Work 3.35 Neutral
9. Lack of Confidence 3.65 Agree
10. Lack of Motivation 3.70 Agree
AMW 3.57 AGREE
Table 3a
LEGEND:
SCALE SCALE LIMIT DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT
5 4.21 –5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.41 –4.20 Agree
3 2.61 –3.40 Neither agree nor disagree
2 1.50-2.60 Disagree
47
1 1.00-1.49 Strongly Disagree
Table 3 shows that “Social Media Platforms (Facebook,
Youtube, Instagram, etc.) got 3.47 mean with descriptive
equivalent of Neutral, “Not comfortable in the study area”
got 3.18 mean with descriptive equivalent of Neutral, “Lack
of moral support” got 3.47 with descriptive equivalent of
Neutral, “Lack of Financial Support” got 3.53 with
descriptive equivalent of Agree, “Pressure from family due
to high expectation” got 4.07 mean with descriptive
equivalent of Agree, “Vices (Smoking, Alcohol Drinking,
etc.) got 3.05 mean with descriptive equivalent of Neutral,
“Anxiety/Depression” got 4.25 weighted mean with descriptive
equivalent of Agree, “Part Time Job/Work” got 3.35 mean with
descriptive equivalent of Neutral, “Lack of Confidence” got
3.65 mean with descriptive equivalent of Agree and “Lack of
Motivation” got 3.70 mean with descriptive equivalent of
Agree.
It has been observed that the indicator that has the
highest weighted mean is the “Anxiety/Depression”.
“Anxiety/Depression” got 4.25 mean with descriptive
equivalent of Agree. This means that criminology graduates
48
experienced Anxiety/ Depression before and during the
Licensure Examination.
This is corroborated in the study of Juan et al.
(2018), they found that most of the participants had
“minimal anxiety” in terms of test anxiety's physiological
manifestations and a “moderately high-test anxiety level” in
terms of test anxiety's psychological manifestations. A
psychological intervention program aimed at reducing anxiety
before and during test taking was proposed.
According to (Hanoski, 2002, as cited in Juan, 2018)
Anxiety is a common occurrence during exams; it refers to
feelings of concern, stress, or uneasiness that occur
before, during, or after a test. However, too much anxiety
can be detrimental to exam performance.
A certain level of anxiety is necessary for optimal
performance; it can even function as a motivator;
nevertheless, when anxiety rises above the normal level, it
has a detrimental impact, resulting in poor performance.
When students underperform owing to high levels of worry,
test anxiety is a severe problem. Tensions, anxieties,
apprehensions, uneasiness, and self-doubt experienced prior
to a test can be so overpowering and strong that it
49
interferes with attention and concentration on the exam. As
a result, high-anxiety individuals are prone to distraction,
resulting in poor exam scores for students (Lawson, 2006, as
cited in Juan, 2018).
On the other hand, it has been also observed that the
indicator that has the lowest weighted mean is the “Not
comfortable in the study area”. “Not comfortable in the
study area” got 3.18 mean with descriptive equivalent of
Neutral. Because based on the data collected in the profile
of the respondents, majority of the respondents enrolled in
a review center.
Table 3 also shows that the researchers obtained an
overall mean 3.57 with the verbal descriptive of AGREE based
on the data collected regarding the factors affecting the
criminology licensure examination performance of the
criminology graduates.
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
The findings of the research study are presented in
this chapter. The summary of findings and conclusion are
discussed, as well as some recommendations. The goal of this
study is to determine the factors that affect the
50
criminology licensure examination performance of the
criminology graduates.
Summary of Findings
1. Trend of the Criminology Licensure Examination
Performance
The PSU Binmaley or the criminology graduates
performs well last October 2015, April 2016, October
2016, and December 2017 because the passing rate of the
university that month and year exceeds the national
passing rate. However, last April 2015, June 2017 and
June 2018 the passing rate of PSU Binmaley rate is
below the national passing rate.
2. Profile of the Respondents.
Sex
Based on the data collected, most of the
respondents or 61.72% of the respondents are Male.
Age
51
Majority of the respondents or 63.28% of the
respondents are belong to 25-29 age bracket.
Civil Status
More than half of the respondents or 89.84% of the
respondents are Single.
Occupation
Most of the respondents or 40% of the respondents
are Unemployed.
Year Taken the Licensure Exam
Majority of the respondents or 35.16% of the
respondents took the licensure exam last 2019.
Mock Board
More than half of the respondents or 89.84% of the
respondents took Mock Board.
Enrolled in a Review Center
Most of the respondents or 91.41% of the
respondents are Enrolled in a Review Center.
Comprehensive Review
Majority of the respondents or 91% of the
respondents undergone Comprehensive Review.
Critical Review
52
More than half of the respondents or 78% of the
respondents undergone Critical Review.
Completed the Review
Most of the respondents or 85.94% of the
respondents Completed the Review.
3. Factors Affecting the Criminology Licensure Examination
Performance
Based on the data gathered regarding the factors
affecting the criminology licensure examination
performance, it has been observed that
Anxiety/Depression got the highest mean, it has 4.25
mean with a descriptive equivalent of Agree. While the
Not Comfortable in the Study Area got the lowest mean,
it has 3.18 mean with a descriptive equivalent of
Neutral.
Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the following
conclusions are drawn:
53
1. The Pangasinan State University Binmaley Campus passing
rate in the Criminology Licensure Examination from April
2015 to June 2018 is fluctuating or scattered.
2. Most or majority of them are male, 25-29 years old,
single, unemployed, took their licensure exam in 2019, took
mock board, enrolled in a review center, undergone
comprehensive review, undergone critical review and
completed their review.
3. Criminology graduates experienced Anxiety/ Depression
before and during the Licensure Examination.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions illustrated,
recommendations are implied:
1. To maintain the passing rate of Pangasinan State
University Binmaley Campus in the Criminology Licensure
Examination, school’s staff, faculties, and teachers
should initiate innovative programs that would enhance
graduates’ success in the exam and increase the number
of passers.
2. Criminology graduates should enroll in a review center
since they will acquire a more accurate image of what
to expect on their exams with the help of a review
54
center. Lecturers can also boost their morale to pass
and succeed by sharing motivational personal
experiences. Furthermore, being in a review center
allows them to engage with lecturers and staff, which
can help them study more effectively.
3. School’s staff, faculties, and teachers should organize
psychological intervention program to help the board
examinees or the criminology graduates alleviate test
anxiety and to perform at their best despite the
anxiety felt.
4. The Pangasinan State University Binmaley Campus should
hold a seminar about the criminology licensure
examination to fully brief the board examinees on the
examination.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Asuncion, R. (2019). HITCHES ENCOUNTEREDBY CRIMINOLOGY
GRADUATES OF ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITYIN THE CRIMINOLOGIST’S
55
LICENSURE EXAMINATION: A BASIS FOR PROPOSED PROGRAM
ENHANCEMENT. International Journal of Advanced Research in
Management and Social Sciences. Retrieved from
https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/Oct2019/G-2756.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR2Hm-
T1BnUPzWkviKPW1UtBwl92tpWx0ibHWcuxIV8KG_IYlIoH869ydhU
Asuncion, R. (2019) THE STATUS OF CRIMINOLOGY GRADUATES OF
ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY IN THE CRIMINOLOGIST’S LICENSURE
EXAMINATION FOR THE APRIL 2010-OCTOBER 2014 EXAMINATIONS.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and
Social Sciences. Retrieved from
https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/Oct2019/G-2754.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR2XsUBA8v1WOSGhFQrI_ctFtB5RWR0I_EPooYfddDPp5z206CN
tpvp-uFk
Badua, J. (2020). ASSESSMENT OF THE CCJE LICENSURE
PERFORMANCE: BASIS IN ENHANCING INSTRUCTION AND REVIEW
PROGRAMS. Research Gate. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347354237_ASSESSMEN
T_OF_THE_CCJE_LICENSURE_PERFORMANCE_BASIS_IN_ENHANCING_INSTR
UCTION_AND_REVIEW_PROGRAMS
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Chin and Hertz (n.d). Licensure Examinations. Retrieved from
https://www.clearhq.org/resources/Licensure_examinations.htm
Gita (2018). New law regulates criminology profession.
Retrieved from https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1774134
Herrero C. (2015). Influence of selected factors on CPA
licensure examination results. Retrieved from
https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/56817
/ssoar-ilshs-2015-64-herrero-
Influence_of_selected_factors_on.pdf?sequence=1
Llego, M. (n.d). Top Reasons Why Most Takers Fail the
Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET). TEACHERSPH.
Retrieved from https://www.teacherph.com/let-takers-fail/?
fbclid=IwAR07XbpaiZjHgLkE2A4512WFn1P25c1fBToTBGugdhKn4XTPNXl
gLpHYVOY
Manalo, et al. (n.d). Performance in the Criminology
Licensure Examination as Basis for Improvement of one
Private School in the Philippines. Retrieved from
http://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/0
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2/CRIM-2015-002-Performance-in-the-Criminology-Licensure-of-
LPU-Batangas.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR2HElgD50esmaEtgt7I9MhFDiqsI0zS3J_qbbF3VWQWmyYNrNY
nLyIbqSc
Manwong, R. (n.d). Dealing with the Criminology Licensure
Examination. RKM Files. Retrieved from
http://www.rkmfiles.net/criminology-articles/30-dealing-
with-the-criminology-licensure-examination.html
PRC (2022). December 2021 Criminology board exam results:
performance of schools. Retrieved from
https://www.prcboardnews.com/2021/12/december-2021-
criminology-board-exam-results-performance-of-schools.html?
m=1&fbclid=IwAR1QWBFsn9cnB2rgL_QIXpMjt00CV8S77IPEXI9uOLzMEas
6DxBWJAPc53I
Takahashi, C. (2018). Factors Affecting Board Takers of
UPHSD in passing the Criminology Board Examination. Prezi.
Retrieved from https://prezi.com/p/gyzfasou7uio/factors-
affecting-board-takers-of-uphsd-in-passing-the-criminology-
board-examination/?
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fbclid=IwAR2XsUBA8v1WOSGhFQrI_ctFtB5RWR0I_EPooYfddDPp5z206CN
tpvp-uFk
Ventayen A. (2021) Academic Predictors of the Licensure
Examination for Teachers: A Thematic Review of Studies
Investigating Students Performance. Retrieved from
file:///C:/Users/anna/Downloads/209-Article%20Text-574-2-10-
20200415.pdf
Writers, S. (2021) WHAT IS CRIMINOLOGY?. Best Counseling
Degrees. Retrieved from
https://www.bestcounselingdegrees.net/resources/what-is-
criminology/
APPENDICES
A. Letter of Request
Republic of the Philippines

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
59
College of Criminal Justice Education

Binmaley Campus
December 16, 2021
DR. ROY C. FERRER Ph D

Campus Executives Director
Binmaley Campus
Thru: ROMEO A. CALOZA Ph D

College Dean of CJE
Sir:
We are the 4th year Criminology Students of Pangasinan State
University, and we are conducting research entitled “FACTORS
AFFECTING THE CRIMINOLOGY LICENSURE EXAMINATION PERFORMANCE
OF CRIMINOLOGY GRADUATES IN PSU BINMALEY, PANGASINAN”.
In connection with this, may we request in your good office
to please furnish us a copy of result of criminology
licensure examination from 2015-2019 and list of criminology
graduates from 2015-2019. It is necessary for the completion
of the said study. Rest assured that we will keep it
confidential.
Thank you in anticipation for your favorable action to this
matter.
60
More power and mabuhay!
Respectfully yours,
Dela Cruz, Michael
Entila, Anacleto
Miranda, Erika
Miranda, Anna Marie
Palaganas, Mikee
Noted by: Approved by:
SAYLEE HONRADO MS CRIM DR. ROY C. FERRER Ph D
Research Adviser Campus Executives Director
Binmaley Campus
B. Letter of Respondents
Dear Respondents:
61
Greetings!
We are the 4th year Criminology Students of Pangasinan State

University. Presently, we are conducting a study entitled
“Factors Affecting the Criminology Licensure Examination
Performance of the Criminology Graduates in PSU Binmaley”.
In the regard, we are asking for your precious time, and

effort to answer all the questions in the questionnaire that
are important and helpful for the completion of the study.
Rest assured that all data gathered from you will be kept in
the highest level of confidentiality.
Your positive response in this request will be valuable

contribution for the success of the study and will highly
appreciate.
Thank you very much for your cooperation.
Respectfully yours,
ANNA MARIE V. MIRANDA
MICHAEL DELA CRUZ
ANACLETO ENTILA
ERIKA MAE MIRANDA
MIKEE PALAGANAS
Researchers
C. Questionnaire
I. PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS
62
DIRECTION: Please check (/) and provide the data

needed.
Name (Optional): ___________________________________

Sex: ___Male ___Female
Age: _____
Civil Status: ___Single ___Married __________Other
(please specify)
Current Occupation: __________
Enrolled in a Review Center: ___YES ___NO
If yes, did you complete your review? ___YES ___NO
Comprehensive Review: ___YES ___NO
Mock Board: ___YES ___NO
II. FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE CRIMINOLOGY LICENSURE

EXAMINATION PERFORMANCE
DIRECTION: Please rate yourself based on your

chosen performances legends.
5 Strongly Agree
4 Agree
3 Either Agree or Disagree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree
Indicators SA A N D SD
(1) (2) (3) (2) (1)
63
Social Media Platforms
(Facebook, Youtube,
Instagram etc.)
Not comfortable in the
study area
Lack of Moral Support
Lack of Financial Support
Pressure from family
Vices (Smoking, Alcohol
Drinking etc.)
Anxiety/ Depression
Part Time Job/ Work
Lack of Confidence
Lack of Motivation
Other (please specify): ____________________________
64

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Pangasinan State University

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

The licensure examination is one of the final

hurdles that a graduate must pass to practice his or her

profession. It is the minimum set of requirements that they

must meet to pursue or fulfill his or her aspirations of

becoming a known expert in his or her profession.

Criminology is the social science that studies crime.

It is the study of crime in general and the influence of

crime on society, the causes of crime, and the criminals

themselves. The study's goal is to determine what motivates

people to commit crimes or act in criminal ways. It also

investigates why some locations have higher crime rates or

how crime impacts victims. The study of criminology

encompasses everything related to criminals, crimes, and

crime victims (Writers, 2021).

The Bachelor of Science in Criminology is a four-year

degree program designed for those interested in law

enforcement, security administration, criminal detection, or

penal administration. Students will learn about the many

ideas, policies, practices, and regulations related to

criminal behavior and the ways used to manage deviant

behavior. Graduates with a bachelor's degree in criminology

can work at universities, research institutions, prisons, or

law enforcement agencies. They could work as a cop, a

forensic photographer, a court peace officer, a discipline

officer, or an investigator (Bachelor of Science in

A graduate of a Bachelor’s in Science in Criminology

must pass the Criminologist Licensure Examination to become

a Criminologist in the Philippines. This is mandated under

Criminology of the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC).

The Criminology Licensure Examination is administered twice

a year by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC).

Criminology Jurisprudence and Procedure, Law Enforcement

Administration, Crime Detection and Investigation,

Criminalistics, Correctional Administration, Criminal

Sociology are the main subjects of the exam (Board Exam,

According to Hertz and Chin (n.d) One of the final

hurdles a candidate must overcome in the licensing process

is the licensing examination. The ultimate responsibility of

a board is to ensure that the examination satisfies

technical, professional, and legal standards, as well as to

protect the public's health, safety, and welfare by

evaluating candidates' skills to perform competently. When a

candidate passes a licensing examination, the board must

feel confident in granting the license, ensuring the public

that the licensee is at least minimally prepared to practice

at the time of initial licensure.

Both private and public higher education institutions

(HEIs) have used licensing examinations as one of the

available metrics of student results and evidence of

excellent instruction. It functioned as the foundation and

source of data for the institutional level as a measure of

their success by comparing institutional passing to national

passing. Most HEIs have traditionally aimed for a 100

percent institutional passing rate on any licensure exam. If

not, the above national costume will suffice as an

achievement. The performance of graduates in board

examinations is used to determine the quality of graduates