Tarlac State University

College of Criminal Justice and Education

Lucinda Campus, San Sebastian, Tarlac City

BEST PRACTICES OF TARLAC STATE

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL
JUSTICE EDUCATION
IN MAINTAING THE STATUS OF TOP
PERFORMING SCHOOL

Presented to:

Mr. Ajhay Jimenez

Prepared by:

Agpalasin, Marina

Escano, Russelle

Fabros, Mark Francis

Facun, Trisha Mae

Fausto, Angelika

Feliciano, Chabelita

Ferrer, Rosaly

Galang, Vhan

Chapter 1
 THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND
Tarlac State University is a non-profit public higher-education institution located in the urban
setting of the small city of Tarlac City (population range of 50,000-249,999 inhabitants), Central Luzon.
Officially recognized by the Commission on Higher Education of the Philippines, Tarlac State University
(TSU) is a large (uniRank enrollment range: 15,000-19,999 students) co-educational Philippine Higher
Education Institution. Tarlac State University (TSU) offers courses and programs leading to officially
recognized higher education degrees such as bachelor degrees, master degrees, doctorate degrees in
several areas of study. This 114 years old Philippine higher-education institution has a selective
admission policy based on entrance examinations. TSU also provides several academic and non-academic
facilities and services to students including a library, sports facilities, financial aids and/or scholarships,
as well as administrative services.
Those courses they offer have a good performance in the field of board examination they always
reach the national passing rate and most of them are always get on the top ranks in board examination
especially the College of Criminal Justice Education who is consisting top performing school since 2013
until present.
The field of criminology is a study of crime and the various agencies of justice as they operate
and react to crime, criminals and the victims. it is therefore the mission of the College of Criminal Justice
Education – Criminology program to provide the community with professionally competent and morally
upright graduates who can deliver efficient and effective services in crime prevention, crime detection
and investigation, law enforcement, and the custody and the rehabilitation of offenders. The College of
Criminal Justice Education – Criminology Department is envisioned to be actively and continually
involved in producing graduates who have the knowledge and skills in addressing the problem of
criminality in the country and the competence to meet the challenge of globalization in the field of
criminology. (Extracted from CMO 21 s.2005)  
The researchers want to determine on how the College of Criminal Justice Education and the
Criminology Students will maintain the top performing ranks in the future licensure examination and
what are the practices and learning style of the criminology students in order for them to passed and
maintain the status of the school.
Foreign Studies
Bautista and Dicang (2007) stated that “board examinations are an assessment of what the
examinees learned from their four years in college. This is not to discount the fact that some of these
graduates, for reason or another, have to stop either for a semester or even years. As such the review is
imperative so as to better prepare them for the said licensure examination. There is no assurance that what
was learned in their first year in college will still be fresh in their minds. Undergoing a review is,
therefore, vital because it is a review course which refreshes student’s knowledge of their course.”
In the Philippines, one gauge of educational quality is performance of graduates in the Licensure
Examinations of the Professional Regulations Commission (PRC) (Figuerres, 2013). Thus, the TARLAC
STATE UNIVERISTY College of Criminal Justice Education aims to continue improving its curricular
offering to prepare knowledgeable and skilled criminology graduates for productive employment in the
field.
In addition to four-year academic preparation of the would be examinees, the College prepares
them for the board examination for criminologist through the intensive Criminology Licensure
Examination Review Program. The Criminology Review Center helps the college attains the vision and
mission of the university, its institutional goals, and objectives. This Center is the innovative alter ego of
the university officials in instituting program enhancement, updates, and interventions that will assist the
students in preparation for their licensure examinations and also as the helped of the teachers, staff and
with the support of the Tarlac State University administration through their dedication and perseverance
to helped the board examinees to passed the board exam with their experienced, strategies that serves as
the gist to maintain the top performing status of the University especially the College of Criminal Justice
System.
The result of this study would be the basis for the school administrators in improving the existing
policies and standards for the Criminology Review Program and for the College of Criminology as a
whole. It may also provide inputs for the planning and management activities designed not only to help
graduates perform well in the licensure examinations which will be a way for the College of Criminology
towards becoming a Center of Excellence in this part of country.
Preparing for the licensure examination is commonly shared by review lecturers and those who
already passed their respective board examinations. A web chatter said, “In Board Licensure
Examination there is no shortcut in passing, you must try to live with it and overcome it” (hubpages.com).
A review program may be a set of activities undertaken by an individual as he or she prepares for
the board exam or a review program which refers to programmed activities by an academic institution or
a review service provider.
Bautista and Dicang (2007) who conducted a study on “Course Preparation and Review Program”
concluded that relevance and vital importance of the review program are needed in preparing the
examinees for any given examinations. The course preparation also contributes to the self-confidence of
the graduates when they take the Licensure examination.
Peckley and Natividad (2007) also concluded in their study “Motivational Factors among
Criminology Reviewees in Attending the Board Review” that the Review Center plays a very important
role in helping would be examinees in their test-taking endeavor.
Navarro and Rialubin (2000), in their study “Perceptions on the Success of the CPA Licensure
Examination”, cited that most BSA graduates undergo intensive review course to ensure better
performance in the board examination. Review course is an effective tool in preparation for a board
examination. With all the noted and proven relevance of review programs for any Licensure Board
Examinations, this study is geared towards examining the perceptions of the TARLAC STATE
UNIVERISTTY criminology examinees in relation to their actual experiences CLE.
Licensure Examinations according to Norman R. Hertz and Roberta N. Chinn (2000) describes as
one of the last hurdles that a candidate must face in the licensing process. A board has the ultimate
responsibility to ensure that the examination meets technical, professional, and legal standards, and,
protects the health, safety and welfare of the public by assessing candidates’ abilities to practice
competently. Once a candidate has passed a licensing examination, the board must be comfortable
granting the license, thus assuring the public that the licensee is minimally qualified to practice at the time
of initial licensure.
Lastly, Hertz and Chinn said that the purpose of licensing examination is to identify persons who
possess the minimum knowledge and experience necessary to perform tasks on the job safely and
competently - not to select the "top" candidates or ensure the success of licensed persons. Therefore,
licensing examinations are very different from academic or employment examinations. Academic
examinations assess how well a person can define and comprehend terms and concepts. Employment
examinations can rank order candidates who possess the qualifications for the job.
Assessing all the points of view of the different authors on the various studies related to the
performance of graduates in the Licensure Examination as basis for curriculum enhancement done both
locally and abroad are comprehensively discussed in the review of literature and studies.
 The study of Manwong (2008) about the different preparations or strategies on how to pass the
licensure examination gives the researcher a better insight in his present investigation regarding the
performance of the criminology graduates in Isabela State University System in the Criminology
Licensure Examination.
In the report presented by Angeles during the 17th SEAMEO RIHED Governing Board Meeting
in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia motivated the researcher to pursue his present investigation because one of
the important criteria in applying for Center of Excellence (COE) or Center of Development (COD) in the
criminology education is the good performance in the criminology licensure examination. This statement
pronounced by Angeles is also stipulated under CMO No. 48, series of 2006. The updated curriculum and
good performance in the licensure examination give important role to any Higher Education Institutions
(HEI’s) applying for CED/COD.
According to Grubb, students who are very successful in their desired career have good study
habits. This statement is also related to the study conducted by Palm Beach Community College (PBCC).
The said school suggested some tips on how to develop good study habits of the students. In this study,
the researcher comes up with better insight on how to prepare students in their licensure examination to
ensure greater chances in passing the said examination.
In the study conducted by De Luca about the impact of examination system on curriculum
development, she mentioned about the important relationship between curriculum development and
examination system.
(Haleh Jafari), (Abbas Aghaei), and (Alireza Khatony) (2019) who conducted a study entitled
"Relationship between study habits and academic achievement in students of medical sciences in
Kermanshah-Iran The aim of this study was to investigate the status of study habits and its relationship
with academic achievement in medical sciences students in Kermanshah-Iran, They conducted a study on
study habits of students in 21 medical universities in Iran showed that 32% of the students suffered from a
severe lack of study skills and habits. In many studies, a positive and significant correlation has been
found between students’ study habits and their academic achievement.
The result of a study conducted on 150 nursing students in Iran showed that most of the students’
problems were related to taking notes, reading ability, time management, well-being, memory,
motivation, learning, physical condition, and taking tests. In some studies, time management has been
described as one of the major problems for medical students. Mendezabal (2013) also referred to
problems such as ineffective time management, lack of planning and concentration, poor study skills, and
inadequate examination techniques.
The academic performance of students is one of the main indicators used to evaluate the quality
of education in universities. Academic performance is a complex process that is influenced by several
factors, such as study habits. study habits include behaviors and skills that can increase motivation and
convert the study into an effective process with high returns, which ultimately increases the learning, and
study habits are in fact the gateway to success and differ from person to person.
Study habits are the most important predictor of academic performance and global research has
revealed that study habits affect academic performance. In this regard, students are faced with a large
amount of information that is difficult to organize and learn. Evidence suggests that learners who do not
have enough information about study strategies do not attain effective and stable learning, and therefore
will not have an appropriate level of academic achievement.
According to previous studies, good study habits include studying in a quiet place, studying daily,
turning off devices that interfere with study, studying based on own learning style, and prioritizing the
difficult contents. Some of the worst study habits include procrastination, evading the study, studying in
inappropriate conditions, and loud sound of music and television during studying.
 Americans want, need, and deserve schools for all children that make meaningful learning and
well-rounded development their first priority; that provide the resources, opportunities, and support that
make such learning and development a reality for every student; that are staffed by educators who have
the knowledge and skills to teach all children well; that build trusting relationships between teachers and
students; and that create strong ties among parents, students, schools and communities.
The United States Department of Education (ED) declared in a 2014 letter to states and districts,
“high-quality schools can make a dramatic difference in children’s lives, closing achievement gaps and
providing students with the opportunity to learn and succeed in college and their chosen careers.”
Overcoming Failure at School which calls for shifts in strategic educational policies to address
the needs of disadvantaged groups aimed at “preventing and overcoming the learning difficulties of all
young people, as part of a larger aim to attain higher, required levels of knowledge, skills and
competencies” (OECD, 1998). This work led to the OECD 2007 report No More Failures: Ten steps to
equity in education, with policy suggestions aimed primarily at the state and district levels to improve
equity, and thereby reduce school failure (OECD, 2007).
Schools should set guidelines to promote the use of direct and student-oriented instruction. Direct
instruction is instruction built around problems with clear, correct answers that can be learned quickly.
Student-centered instruction is associated with the teacher facilitating students‟ own inquiry by allowing
students time to find solutions to problems on their own before the teacher demonstrates how a problem is
solved (Rowe, 2007; Hoad et al., 2007).
Among the many factors associated with academic performance are the learning styles of
students. Interest on understanding the learning styles of learners has gained interest among educators
and researchers for the past decades (Hall & Moseley, 2005; Pashler et al., 2009).
Learning styles refer to the “natural, habitual, and preferred ways of absorbing, processing,
retaining new information and skills” (Reid, 2002).
There is no debate as to how important is the knowledge of learning styles vis a vis educational outcome.
However, there was a problem of what Hall and Moseley (2005) and Pashler et al. (2009) called the lack
of unity in understanding among educators.
ese studies proved the importance of learning styles and their relation to students’ academic performance
which are crucial for curriculum planners and implementers.
However, some studies contradicted the aforementioned findings. For example, learning styles do not
show significant contribution to the academic performance for Chemistry students (Garner-O’Neale &
Harrison, 2013).
Active learning strategies is to create a cooperative classroom environment in which students can
learn from each other (Bonwell and Eison 1991). Active learning strategies are now being employed in
disciplines such as history (Bailey and Eggleston 1987), psychology (Benjamin 1991), sociology (Hamil
and Janssen 1987), anthropology (Herrington and Cadman1991; Nanda 1985), ethics (Hunt 1982), as well
as education (Prescott and Wolff 1990).
Criminology may be particularly suited to active learning. First, the discipline has long standing
theoretical differences of opinion concerning the origins and solutions for the crime problem. Techniques
that encourage students to fully immerse themselves in the complexities of these models may prove
useful. Second, criminology has a major applied component that may not be communicated most
effectively in traditional lecture formats. Third, most students lack real-life experience with criminal
justice settings such prisons or courtrooms. Ethnographic information presented in active learning formats
such as field trips or documentary films may be particularly effective in exposing criminology students to
these unfamiliar aspects of their own society.
According to Cecil Greek (1995) the things that the students cannot or may not do on their own
should happen in class. "the lecture" is an important component of classroom time, any activity that lasts
more than 20 to 30 minutes may cause many students to lose interest and also conduct weekly small-
group discussion and presentations, weekly written assignments leading to the construction of a test bank,
and students' editing of other students' writing, used these new approaches in combination with other
active learning techniques that had employed before attending the workshop. These included the use of
documentary video materials, field trips, and classroom guest speakers.
The next activity involved small-group discussion (Vermette 1988). Each week divide the class
into randomly assigned small groups. Each group spent approximately 10 minutes discussing and
recording their thoughts on one of the study questions previously distributed for that week's assigned
readings. During the 10-minute session, walked around the room to see how each group was progressing
and offered assistance to groups who appeared to need help in interpreting the question. Encouraged other
class members to comment, while served as moderator and asked for additional information.
The third technique was related to the second. The students were required to demonstrate each
week that they had read the weekly assignments and were prepared to discuss them. Each week students
turned in a short set of multiple choice or essay questions that they had developed, based on the reading
assignment, then used the questions to help construct the tests. For example, after reading all of the
multiple-choice questions submitted for the week, created a test bank of 15 to 20 questions. Students were
given a copy of these questions. The examinations included many of the questions from the student-
generated test bank.
The last of the new methods involved students in editing other students' papers. The first draft of
each student's term paper was due a month before the final due date and Asked students to locate obvious
writing errors and to make evaluative comments on several aspects of the paper, including content,
writing style, and use of the proper citation and reference formats. Papers were returned to the original
students with the edits and the checklist. The class then had an additional week to incorporate their editor
suggestions and to submit final draft of the paper.
Local Studies
Over the past decades, knowledge on the students’ learning styles gained interest among
educators. Several studies considered learning styles as predictors to academic performance.
Educators continue to and ways on how to improve the quality of classroom instruction. rough
research and innovations, a number of classroom strategies, techniques and models had been tested and
developed. Philippine government is taking a bolder step in improving the quality of education in the
country. In June of 2013, the Commission on Higher
Education (CHED) closed down 218 nursing schools and programs, 51 Marine Engineering and
41 Marine Transportation due to poor licensure examination performance. Aside from these programs,
CHED also has closely monitored schools with seemingly substandard quality offering Teacher
Education, Information Technology, Business Administration, Hotel and Restaurant Management and
Criminology Schools offering these courses are all challenged, if not pressured, to offer quality education
and to ensure students’ good performance in the licensure examination.
 Among the many factors associated with academic performance are the learning styles of
students. Several studies revealed that learning styles are predictors of academic performance. Interest on
understanding the learning styles of learners has gained interest among educators and researchers for the
past decades. These studies found out that learning styles have positive effect on the academic
achievement of students. These studies proved the importance of learning styles and their relation to
students’ academic performance which are crucial for curriculum planners and implementers.
However, some studies contradicted the aforementioned findings. For example, learning styles do
not show significant contribution to the academic performance for Chemistry students In another study, a
deep approach learning styles did not show a significant predictor to academic achievement Even if there
are contradictions to the results, still it is argued that understanding learning styles plays an important
ingredient in students’ success.
Learning styles refer to the “natural, habitual, and preferred ways of absorbing, processing,
retaining new information and skills” Other researchers considered learning styles as tendencies and
preferences. Students can maximize their potentials to advance knowledge and to fare well in class if
they are aware of their preferred learning style. Hence, teachers conduct an assessment before delivering
instruction. Learning style is also defined as a “description of the attitudes and behaviors which
determines an individual’s preferred way of learning”. The aforementioned definitions focus on personal
preferences and how these preferences affect how student study and learn.
There is no debate as to how important is the knowledge of learning styles vis a vis educational
outcome. However, there was a problem of what called the lack of unity in understanding among
educators. The thought that students’ learning style affect how they study and learn is a real concern for
educators as well as researchers. This is the instrument that is used in this study. One of the main reasons
for its consideration is the wide range of learning styles that it measures. The aforementioned models
and tools have their unique contribution to the development of assessing individual learning styles.
Collage is in its fourth year of offering Bachelor of Science in Criminology. The school wants to
make sure its first batch and succeeding batches will deliver excellent results in the licensure
examination. The school’s desire is in line with the nature of the course and the goal of CHED. It is
clearly stipulated in the CHED Memorandum Order 21 of which schools are expected to make their
students knowledgeable and skillful who can compete in the global arena.
In an effort to address this problem, an investigation on the learning styles of Criminology
students is sought. Taking into account how learning styles influence educational outcomes this study is
conceptualized to understand the learning styles of Criminology students in order to improve academic
performance, and to help them perform well in the licensure examination. The result would have a great
bearing on instructional processes and other intervention programs. Knowing the students’ learning styles
is critical for the improvement of academic performance and application of appropriate instruction design.
A teacher can only be effective if he/she knows the students well.
The main purpose of this study was to determine the learning styles of Criminology students of
Cor Jesu College, Digos City, Philippines. Specifically, it investigated the demographic profile of the
Criminology students of Cor Jesu College in terms of sex and year level. It determined which learning
styles are preferred by Criminology students of Cor Jesu College in terms of: (a.) Using physical senses
(Visual, Auditory or Kinesthetic), (b.) Exposing oneself to learning situations (Introvert or Extrovert),
(c.) Handling possibilities (Random-intuitive or Concrete-sequential), (d.) Dealing with ambiguity and
with deadlines (Open-oriented or Closure-oriented), (e.) Receiving information (Global or Particular),
(f.) Processing of information (Synthesizing or Analytic), (g.) Committing material to memory (Sharpener
or Leveler), (h.) Dealing with language rules (Deductive or Inductive process), (i.) Dealing with multiple
inputs (Field-dependent or Field-independent), (j.) Dealing with response time (Impulsive or Reactive)
Taking reality (Metaphoric or Literal). It also sought into understanding the preferred learning styles of
Criminology students of Cor Jesu College when grouped according to sex.
Rubrico (2019), in his research entitled “Learning Style and Academic of Criminology Student in
Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College”, this study refers that Teachers learning styles play an
important role and has a large impact on the learning of students wherein teachers must provide learners
with carefully mentored experiences to develop their knowledge, skills, values and dispositions, and to
positively impact their learning and development. It also stated that teachers must determine on what kind
of learning styles do the students prefer for the students to actively participate and learn effectively. And
most people can learn by actively participating in observing, speaking, writing, listening, and doing. The
research also shows that students preferentially take in and process information in different ways: by
seeing and hearing, reflecting and acting, reasoning logically and intuitively, or analyzing and visualizing.
This study refers to the different learning styles which is used by individuals particularly student
to learn effectively. Teaching also include the purpose of learning in different ways or manner, teacher
way of teaching plays a great role and impact on students learning because positive teaching style of
teachers can help and encourage the students to learn effectively providing them dedication to learn.
Teachers must determine what learning styles do the students are interested in order to get the interest of
the students, catch their attention to increase the level of effectivity of learning of the student. Students
tend to learn effectively through observing, speaking, writing, hearing, visualizing, reflecting, acting and
listening but others are through writing and analyzing. The effect of these varied teaching styles in the
classroom would not only enhance student learning according to preferred technique but would also elicit
positive behavioral effects. Realizing students learning style can assist the teachers in helping the students
learn effectively. (Rubrico (2019), in his research entitled “Learning Style and Academic of Criminology
Student in Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College”)
This research refers that Students learning styles play an important role and has a large impact on
the effective learning of the students and teachers must provide the learners with carefully mentored
experiences to develop their knowledge, skills, values and dispositions, and to positively impact their
learning and development. It also stated that teachers must determine on what kind of learning styles do
the students prefer to actively participate and learn effectively. Most people can learn by actively
participating in observing, speaking, writing, listening, and doing.
The research also shows that students preferentially take in and process information in different
ways: by seeing and hearing, reflecting and acting, reasoning logically and intuitively. It state also that
students are divided in different dimension in terms of learning strategy where the said most effective
dimension is the Visual / Verbal dimension, because most of the respondents are visual or virtual learners
who effectively learn by visual representation written or spoken representation including diagram, flow
chart, timeliness, films and physical demonstration (Rubrico (2019), in his research entitled “Learning
Style and Academic of Criminology Student in Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College”)
This study focused on the description and evaluation of the perceptional learning style, study
habits and its significance to the students’ academic performance, particularly in College Algebra.
In the assessment of whether there is a significant difference of the study habits and the
performance of the students and it implies that the study habits of the students in College Algebra have
great impact to their performance in the said subject. The students described themselves as visual style in
learning and auditory rather than being tactile.
 Study shows that students learn effectively when they visualize the lessons that are delivered to
them. This implies that the teacher should teach with actions and provide instructional materials like
video tapes that enhance the learning capabilities of students. Some of the students learn better if they
listen well to the teachers’ lectures. They can learn with music background and through other forms or
instructional strategies that provides opportunities for them to learn through listening. And least of the
students learn better if they are involved in the discussion or they must always give the opportunity to
share their part in classroom activities like dramatizing, group works, team working and others.
Study also shows how much time students exert in studying Algebra. Study shows studying
Mathematics for two hours study period is not enough and it also indicates that students have low study
habits because some of them hardly absorbed the knowledge even if the teacher keeps on emphasizing the
lessons by chalk –talked and drilling on the problems and solutions of the lessons they still tend to forget
and don’t get passing scores during quizzes and exercises and this implies that most of the students do not
have strong courage to study. However, students want to take remediation or remedial class in synthetic
division and quadratic equations, and systems of equations with problem solving for the betterment of
their studies.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.) What are the best practices that are being use of the Tarlac State University College of Criminal
Justice Education in the preparation to their students in taking their board examination in terms of:
1.1 Physical
1.2 Mental
1.3 Spiritual
RATIONALE

Being in the Top Performing School in the Board Examination is one of the goals of Tarlac State
University. It is an honor to every University to have this kind of privilege. Thus, establishing better
practices of studying that may help the Criminology Students in maintaining the status of top performing
school in the Philippines.

OBJECTIVES
This Study aims to determine the different ways of study of Criminology Students they used in
the preparation for the Board Examination and to produce a ready and quality Criminology Students that
soon may take also the Board Examination few years from now.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Passing in a licensure examination is the goal of every student to achieve their dreams in life.
Universities like Tarlac State University was very strict in student who take their board exams particularly
in the Course of Criminology. The performance of every student mentally, physically and morally was
examined year by year to determine what ways nor method a student should use to digest each topic to
achieve the competitive goal in achieving to be a top performing criminology in the country. Giving a
Low performance and not achieving the student main goal which is to pass the licensure examination is
not necessary in course of criminology in Tarlac State University. More over behavior is also a key to
survive this course, student was recognized and given an award nor privilege in terms of good Conduct.
Even do behavior have a major impact in surviving the course yet there are also other elements to
complete the whole process because organizational like Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire
Protection, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and etc. They base their selection on their score and
backgrounds like the university they went with.
To become a professional license criminologist lies solely to the effectivity of the student’s effort,
preparation and determination for the past 4 years of studying the criminology course state on the
paragraph above. It also states that each student can used their own ways to absorb every subject they
take. We provide this theory to connect it with other theory to prove that there is a different results and
ways to help other student to achieve their dream to become a professional criminologist.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Many school, universities and colleges have tried and tested in identifying and determining the
effectiveness method to maintain the status of top performing school in the Board Exam particularly the
course of Criminology. Therefore, the researchers made this study to serve as guide and information to
the students who take the Board Exam as to maintain the status in which the school hold as one of the top
performing school. The findings of the study are beneficial to the people who are mentioned in the
significance of the study.
This conceptual framework presented the Best Practices that are being use of the Tarlac State
University College of Criminal Justice Education in the preparation to their students in taking their board
examination presumably it answered and examined the following domain: Physically, Mentally and
Spiritually.

BEST PRACTICES
IN TAKING THE
BOARD EXAM

PHYSICALL MENTALLY SPIRITUALL

Y Y

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

 METHODOR
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will be significant for researchers and also to the future researchers to understand and
determine Best Practices of Tarlac State University College of Criminal Justice Education in Maintaining
the Status of Top Performing School. The result of this study would benefit the Institution, the
criminology students, and the teachers in terms of;
 For the Institution: This research will give significance to the school itself, to promote quality
education.
 For the Criminology Students: The results of this study will help them to know how they can
manage their physical, mental and spiritual practices in the preparation to their board exam.
 For the Teachers: These will help them enhance their strategy in teaching the students and can
help them to formulate programs or activities with regards to the improvement of the study
orientation of the students.
 For the Future Researchers: This study would help the future researchers for them to have a
basis and to serve as their reference.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Academic Performance - it is one of the main indicators used to evaluate the quality of education in
universities. It refers to a complex process that is influenced by several factors, such as study habits.
Academic Procrastination – this refers to the delay of completing the college assignments by the
students that are assigned to them but they refuse to perform by giving preference because of the lack of
interest.
Cognitive Skill - it is the core skill your brain uses in different activities. It is an ability of an individual
to process ideas.
Commission on Higher Education (CHED) – this refers to an organization that facilitates and governs
the tertiary level of education.
Criminologist – this refers to a person that is graduated in the course BS Criminology and passed the
Board examination and taken oath as criminologist.
Criminology Examinees- refers to the students who are preparing for a long time to their main battle and
who is tested by an intelligence test or an academic examination.
Criminology Students - it refers to the top performing ranks in the future licensure examination and
what are the practices and learning style of the criminology students in order for them to passed and
maintain the status of the school.
Criminology LICENSURE EXAM/ Board Exam – it refers to an examination taken by the graduates of
the course criminology to test their knowledge acquire in the 4 years taking the course of BS
Criminology. In order to pass this examination and be a certified criminologist the applicant must pass the
75% of all the coverage subjects.
Criminology Licensure Examination Review Program – this refers to a program that is conducted to
help the board examinees review the coverage of the board exam in order for the examinees to get a high
percentage on the result and passed the board examination
Good Study Habits- this refers to a strong determination or will that can conquer the fear of licensure
examination by developing your learning style and by the guide of your professors to achieve your
academic goals.
Learning Styles - refer to the “natural, habitual, and preferred ways of absorbing, processing, retaining
new information and skills.
Lecture - is an important material for the Criminology examiners before the Licensure examination. It
involving and preparing some activities like weekly group discussions, doing and exchanging multiple
choice examination act.
Mental - this refers to a significant predictor of future academic performance. The ability to acquire and
apply knowledge and skills, it is responsible in learning and most important in achieving academic goals.
Overcoming Failure- this refers to how you deal to your problems and find a way to resolve it. Maybe it
can help if you try to brainstorm a list of your goals and take a small step and think of something that you
can do to sparks your inspiration and motivation.
Physical - This refers to participation of student in physical activity that can improve cognitive
performance and brain health. Evidence suggest that increase in physical activity may improve academic
performance.
Study habits - it refers to the most important predictor of academic performance and global research has
revealed that study habits affect academic performance.
Student Problems - this refers to taking notes, reading ability, time management, well-being, memory,
motivation, learning, physical condition, and taking tests.
Small group discussion - Allow students to hear a voice of someone different and allow students to hear
voice of their peers this way students get a break from boring lectures. A strategy that all about students
own thoughts and ideas.
Spirituality - This refers to religiosity and spirituality have a positive impact on the academic
achievement of students in college Promotes better mental stability and life satisfaction. The practice of
religious and spiritual behaviors can help students develop a sense of direction for their goals in life, find
meaning and purpose for their life, and maintain focus on their priorities.

Chapter 2
Methodology
This chapters represent the following: (1) Research Design; (2) Research Participants; (3)
Research Instruments; (4) Research Procedure; and (4) Data Analysis in this study.

Research Design
 The study made use a qualitative study which made use of in-depth interview through phone to
gather relevant data. In-depth interview is a type of qualitative research involving an unstructured
personal interview with a single respondent, conducted by researchers to understand the motivations and
attitudes of the respondents.
This research design helps to identify the techniques and strategies of the students to help them
maintain the Top performing school nationwide. The teacher are the people who directly deal with
students in the classroom. Therefore, their teaching style are one of the most significant variable
motivation for their Licensure examination.

Research Participants
The participants of our study are the second (2nd) year and third (3rd) year college students of
College of Criminal Justice Education of the Tarlac State University. They are the chosen respondents of
our study because they have at least 2 to 3 years’ experience and knowledge on what habits and
techniques are useful and helpful in studying and in preparing for the Criminologist Licensure
Examinations to help them maintain the top performing school in terms of Criminology Licensure
Examination.

Research Instrument

Research Procedure
The data for this research will be collected using questionnaires as a guide to interview. The
questions are formed by the researchers. The 2 nd and 3rd year students of Criminology will be randomly
asked a questions in related to the participant experiences regarding the topic mentioned that the
researchers would like to know. In the questionnaire, open-minded questions and dichotomous questions
will be asked to determine and identify the techniques, habits and best practices that the students of
Criminology students applied in preparing to take the Criminologist Licensure Examination in
maintaining the status of top performing school.
The researchers will be guided by the following guidelines in conducting the interview:
Asking Permission to Conduct Study
The researchers will have formulated a formal letter, duly noted by their thesis adviser, asking
permission to the Dean of College, to conduct the study through personal interviews to the selected
respondents. Another letter, also duly noted by their thesis adviser, will be sent to the prospective
respondents, asking permission to conduct study in their business establishment.
Conduct of Personal Interview
A proper setting will be chosen for the conduct of the interview. The purpose of the interview
will be fully explained and the interviewee will be assured of the confidentiality of their responses.
Moreover, format of the interview and its nature, purpose and its expectations and the timeframe of
interview will be explained. The interview will be done in an informal manner, a conversational type with
the guide questions as basis so as to allow the degree of freedom and adaptability in getting the
information from the interviewee. Questions will be asked one at a time giving ample time for the
interviewee to think and answer the questions. All the conversation or the interview process will be
written down for encoding purpose and ensured proper data will be recorded relative to the interview.
After interviewing the 2nd and 3rd year students, the researchers will collect the results and will analyze the
data gathered.

Data Analysis
The following were the steps undertaken in interpreting the data.
1.) The answer in the interview will be put in a column into two (2) column’s
2.) To determine the similarities and differences on the answer of 2 nd year and 3rd year criminology
students.
3.) Their answer will be simply Classified, Summarize and Tabulated.
4.) To make sure that there are no such errors, could be fields that were left empty by respondents.