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    07b Wood Products

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    Jim Jeus dela Cruz
    Here are illustrations of the requested wood connections: 1. Post to concrete pedestal connection: [INSERT ILLUSTRATION HERE] 2. Post to beam connection: [INSERT ILLUSTRATION HERE] 3. Roof framing layout: [INSERT ILLUSTRATION HERE]

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    07b Wood Products

    Uploaded by

    Jim Jeus dela Cruz
    34 views49 pages
    Here are illustrations of the requested wood connections: 1. Post to concrete pedestal connection: [INSERT ILLUSTRATION HERE] 2. Post to beam connection: [INSERT ILLUSTRATION HERE] 3. Roof framing layout: [INSERT ILLUSTRATION HERE]

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Here are illustrations of the requested wood connections: 1. Post to concrete pedestal connection: [INSERT ILLUSTRATION HERE] 2. Post to beam connection: [INSERT ILLUSTRATION HERE] 3. Roof framing layout: [INSERT ILLUSTRATION HERE]

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views49 pages

    07b Wood Products

    Uploaded by

    Jim Jeus dela Cruz
    Here are illustrations of the requested wood connections: 1. Post to concrete pedestal connection: [INSERT ILLUSTRATION HERE] 2. Post to beam connection: [INSERT ILLUSTRATION HERE] 3. Roof framing layout: [INSERT ILLUSTRATION HERE]

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 49

    WOOD and

    WOOD PRODUCTS

    Engr. Rhodora A. Bustamante


    Class Instructor
    WOOD

    a natural organic material that has been


    used for many centuries for the construction
    of buildings, bridges and a variety of other
    structures
    WOOD
    • Still the most common materials for small to
    medium-scale project in other countries
    WOOD
    WOOD
    WOOD
    • In the Phils, wood was widely used during
    the Spanish period and until 1960’s
    WOOD
    WOOD
    WOOD
    WOOD
    WOOD

    • Traditional building material


    • Easy to work with
    • Durable
    • Beautiful
    • Lightweight
    • Rust and corrosion free
    • Has varied uses
    CLASSIFICATION OF TREES

    Endogenous

    - Trees grows
    endwards
    - Example are
    bamboo & palm
    CLASSIFICATION OF TREES

    Exogenous

    - Trees grows
    outwards
    CLASSIFICATION OF EXOGENOUS TREES
    (based on broad botanical distinction)

    Softwoods

    - Generally needle-
    leaved coniferous
    trees that bear their
    seed in cones
    - Example are pine &
    cedar
    CLASSIFICATION OF EXOGENOUS TREES
    (based on broad botanical distinction)

    Hardwoods

    - Generally broad-
    leaved deciduous
    trees
    - Example are oak,
    narra, molave,
    maple, etc
    PROPERTIES OF SOFTWOOD:

    • Contract with heat & moisture


    • Have lower density than hardwoods (good
    for acoustic & thermal insulation
    • Good for interior finishes & for furniture
    • Solid but soft
    • Flexible & strong
    • Not water resistant
    • Cost : low
    PROPERTIES OF HARDWOOD:

    • Contract with heat & moisture


    • Stronger, denser, & homogenous than
    hardwoods (good for framing system)
    • Good for interior finishes & for furniture
    • Resist fire better than softwood
    • Nearly impervious to water (some varieties)
    • Cost : high
    COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
    WOOD STRUCTURE

    Bark

    Bast

    Sapwood

    Heartwood

    Pith
    WOOD STRUCTURE
    WOOD STRUCTURE
    WOOD & TIMBER

    WOOD is the hard, fibrous material that


    makes up the tree under the bark

    TIMBER is a wood which retains its natural


    physical structure and chemical composition
    and is suitable for various construction works
    GOOD LUMBERING PRACTICE

    Lumbering- term applied to the operations


    performed in preparing wood for
    commercial purposes

    Logging
    Felling
    Storing
    Sawing
    Drying
    FELLING

    • Timber felled during summer is more


    readily susceptible to mold. During this
    period, the quantity of sap is at its greatest
    & the state of swelling, acidity, etc. are very
    much unfavorable
    • Coniferous trees is ideal to be felled during
    full moon because the resins were well
    drawn out of the roots & into the trunk
    STORAGE

    • Timber stored in water after felling reduces


    the risks of molds & insect damage
    SPLITTING/SAWING

    • Should take place while the


    trees is still very damp
    DRYING

    • 70-90% of the original moisture must be


    removed from the timber before this could
    be used for construction…..a reason why
    routine drying is important
    METHODS OF DRYING TIMBER

    • Natural
    Air-drying

    • Artificial
    Forced air drying – used of fans to
    booster the circulation of air
    Kiln-drying – drying in a large airtight
    structure, heated by steam pipes
    Radio Frequency Dielectric Drying –
    using radio frequency dielectric
    heat
    CHARACTERISTIC OF GOOD TIMBER
    DEFECTS IN WOOD
    DEFECTS IN WOOD

    • Caused by Abnormal Growth


    Heart shake-radial cracks originating at the
    heart of the trees

    Wind/Cup Shake- cracks/breaks across


    annual rings of timber

    Star Shake- series of heart shakes thus


    forming a star-like manner

    Knots- occur at the branch of the wood


    DEFECTS IN WOOD

    • Due to Deterioration

    Dry Rot – the presence of moisture


    caused by fungi in seasoned wood

    Wet Dry – takes place sometimes in the


    growth of the tree caused by water
    saturation
    CAUSES OF DECAY

    • Alternate moisture & dryness

    • Fungi & molds

    • Insects & worms

    • Heat & confined air


    GEOMETRICAL IMPERFECTIONS &
    DISTORTIONS IN TIMBER
    METHODS OF PRESERVATION

    External – application of preservative


    coating

    Internal – lumber is subjected to pressure &


    injected with chemical such as zinc
    chloride solution/salt
    APPLICATION: Philippine Timber

    • Flooring Narra

    Molave

    Pine Benguet

    Toog (Phil. Oak)


    APPLICATION: Philippine Timber

    • Doors & Windows Narra

    Tanguile

    Apitong
    APPLICATION: Philippine Timber

    • Outdoor Deck Yacal

    Molave

    Guijo
    APPLICATION: Philippine Timber

    • Ceiling Panel & Joists Molave

    Pine Benguet
    APPLICATION: Philippine Timber

    • Railing & Balustrade Narra

    Molave

    Pine Benguet
    APPLICATION: Philippine Timber

    • Exposed Structural Member Molave

    Pine Benguet

    Yacal

    Lauan
    APPLICATION: Philippine Timber

    • Paneling Narra

    Pine Benguet

    Almaciga

    Dao
    APPLICATION: Philippine Timber

    • Furniture & Cabinets Narra

    Molave

    Pine Benguet

    Almaciga

    Kamagong
    APPLICATION: Philippine Timber

    • Structural Members &


    Molave
    Framing

    Yacal

    Guijo

    Pine Benguet
    Examples of PHILIPPINE TIMBER

    First Group
    Narra – most expensive, for floors, doors,
    furniture, panelings, veneers
    Molave – for posts & girders, trusses, framings,
    floors, jambs, furniture, & other purpose
    esp. those exposed to weather
    Yacal & Guijo – for posts & girders, jambs, wooden
    decks & railings exposed to weather
    Examples of PHILIPPINE TIMBER

    First Group
    Pine Benguet – for flooring, panelings, sidings &
    furniture. Also for framings, trusses
    Tanguile & Apitong – the most common lumber in
    the market. Used for framings, joists,
    trusses, nailers, etc.
    Lauan (white & red) – for framings, furnitures
    Kamagong – for furnitures
    Examples of PHILIPPINE TIMBER

    First Group
    Dao – for panelings & veneers
    Almaciga – for panelings & veneers
    Mahogany
    Ipil
    Kalantas
    Kalamansanai
    TAKE-HOME QUIZ:

    Research on the following Wood Connections:


    1. Using an 8”x8” wood post, illustrate the wood
    post connection to a 12”x12” concrete pedestal.

    2. Illustrate the connection of an 8”x8” wood post


    into a 2-2”x6”x12” wood beam.

    3. Illustrate the roof framing layout (using wood


    rafters) for a 5.00m x 6.00m bungalow with gable
    roof profile.

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