INTD402 Furniture, Fittings, Textile & Acessories

UNIVERSITY OF NIZWA
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE & INTERIOR DESIGN
INTD402
FURNITURE, FITTINGS, TEXTILE & ACESSORIES
Prepared by: Dr. Amr M. Abdel Kader

Lecture 4-5 content
• Introduction to NATURAL WOOD.
• Types of Wood used in Furniture Industry.
• Wood Finishes & Treatment.
• Wood Joints
Wood for furniture Industry
• Introduction to Wood
Composition & Basic Structure of Natural Wood
Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in
the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants.
Wood is made up of a composite of cellulose fibers that
are strong in tension and arranged in a matrix of lining
that resist compression.
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COMPONENTS OF WOOD TIMBER
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COMPONENTS OF WOOD TIMBER
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SAPWood
is the living, outermost
portion of a woody
stem or branch
Heart Wood
is the dead, inner wood,
which often comprises
the majority of a stem's
cross-section.
Generally there is less Sapwood than

heartwood in any stem
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This sapwood-heartwood distinction has
important implications for woodworkers,
because sapwood contains the sap-
conducting cells of the tree, it tends to
have a relatively high moisture content.
This is good for the living tree but it is not

so good for the woodworker, because
sapwood tends to shrink and move
considerably when dried, and it is much
more susceptible to decay and staining by
fungi.
Classification of Natural Wood
Natural Wood can be classified into two main types
HARD WOOD SOFT WOOD

HARD WOOD
Hardwoods are produced by trees that reproduce by flowers, and have broad leaves.
Hardwood from deciduous species ‫أشجار ا ألوراقا لمتساقطة‬, such as oak, normally shows
annual growth rings.
Hardwoods have a more complex structure than softwoods and are often much slower
growing as a result.
The dominant feature separating "hardwoods" from softwoods is the presence of pores,
or vessels.
As the name suggests, the wood from these trees is generally harder than that of
softwoods
HARD WOOD
HARD WOOD
Sample HARD WOOD MAPLE Wood
OAK Wood
ELM Wood
SOFT WOOD
Pine Wood Texture

SOFT WOOD
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SEASONING OF TIMBER‫ت جفيفا ألخشاب‬
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ADVANTAGES OF SEASONED TIMBER
• It has a reduced weight (Lighter Wood).

• It is more strong & durable.
• It has a higher resistance to decay or rot.
• It has a high polished surface.
• Easier to work with in furniture production
processes.
• It has a longer life time.
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TYPES OF TIMBER SEASONING:
• There are three main types of timber seasoning:
 NATURAL SEASONONG.
 ARTIFICIAL SEASONING
A-Kiln Seasoning B-Chemical Seasoning C- Electric Seasoning
 WATER SEASONING.
Kiln Seasoning Machine
Chemical timber Seasoning Machine
Electrical Seasoning:
In this Method high frequency alternating electric current

is passed through the timber logs,.
The timber when it is green offers less resistance to flow of

electric current. The resistance increases as the wood dries
internally which will result in the production of heat.
This is the most rapid method of seasoning, but initial and

maintenance cost is very high that it becomes un
economical. The time required for seasoning is 5 to 8 Chemical timber Seasoning Machine
hours
Natural Wood Cutting
Wood Timber is to be cut into wooden

Sheets of different sizes.
Natural Wood in measured in Inches
The Selling unit is Cubic Meter

The Saw mill uses

different cutting
machines to cut the
timber into sheets of
different sizes.
Circular Saw Mill

Different methods of Timber Cutting

MANUFACTURED WOOD
Manufactured wood is a wood that undergo a manufacturing process to produce a
wider sheets, that can be easily used in the furniture industry.
One of the main obstacles of using natural wood in furniture production is the limited
width of the timber, which can commonly produce wood sheets of maximum 50 cm
width, this width can not help in producing most of the furniture types such as closets,
doors, dinning table.
As a result the natural wood was processed into larger sheets through 3 main types.
MANUFACTURED WOOD
Types of Manufactured Wood.
1- Block Wood.
Sandwich type wooden sheets made of two layers of

wooden veneer of 2mm thickness and in between is natural
wood bars.
The Board size is Standard 122cm x 244 cm Length.
Selling Unit is Price per Sheet.
Thickness starts from 10 mm till 24 mm.

Suitable for all type of Suface planner furniture i.e. Tabletop
MANUFACTURED WOOD
Ply Wood Veneers
Decorative Veneers
Natural Wood Strips Layer
Ply Wood Veneers
Decorative Veneers
Layer
MANUFACTURED WOOD

2- Plywood.
is a sheet material manufactured from thin layers of wood veneer that are glued
together with adjacent layers having their wood grain rotated up to 90 degrees to one
another.
The Board size is Standard 122cm x 244 cm Length.
Selling Unit is Price per Sheet.
Thickness starts from 3 mm till 21 mm, commonly used sizes are 3,6,12,16 & 18 mm .
Suitable for all type of Surface planner furniture i.e. Tabletop, Kitchen cabinets, etc.
MANUFACTURED WOOD
MANUFACTURED WOOD

3- Particle Wood.
• Is an engineered wood product manufactured from wood chips, sawmill shavings, or

even sawdust, and a synthetic resin or other suitable binder, which is pressed and
extruded.
• In standard particle board, urea formaldehyde is mainly used as glue. The amount of
glue in a particle board is 10%.
• Board Strength is week and the furniture quality is low but of cheap price.
• Very Poor if exposed to humidity & Water.
• Selling Unit is Price per Sheet.
MANUFACTURED WOOD
Wood Particles to be collected,

mixed with glue & compressed
under high pressure & Heat.
Particle Board also known as Chipboard

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UNIVERSITY OF NIZWA

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE

Prepared by: Dr. Amr M. Abdel Kader

Generally there is less Sapwood than

This is good for the living tree but it is not

HARD WOOD SOFT WOOD

Pine Wood Texture

• It has a reduced weight (Lighter Wood).

• There are three main types of timber seasoning:

A-Kiln Seasoning B-Chemical Seasoning C- Electric Seasoning

In this Method high frequency alternating electric current

The timber when it is green offers less resistance to flow of

This is the most rapid method of seasoning, but initial and

Wood Timber is to be cut into wooden

Natural Wood in measured in Inches

The Selling unit is Cubic Meter

The Saw mill uses

Circular Saw Mill

Different methods of Timber Cutting

Sandwich type wooden sheets made of two layers of

The Board size is Standard 122cm x 244 cm Length.

Selling Unit is Price per Sheet.

Thickness starts from 10 mm till 24 mm.

Ply Wood Veneers

Ply Wood Veneers

Types of Manufactured Wood.

The Board size is Standard 122cm x 244 cm Length.

Selling Unit is Price per Sheet.

Types of Manufactured Wood.

• Is an engineered wood product manufactured from wood chips, sawmill shavings, or

Wood Particles to be collected,

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