Evs Assignment 1ST

Joint Forest Management (JFM) is a partnership in forest
management among state forest departments and local

communities in India. The policies and guidelines of the JFM
were enunciated in the Indian National Forest Policy of 1988
and JFM guidelines of 1990 proposed by the Government of
India. These guidelines were further revised in 2000. The basic
rationale of the JFM approach is the cooperation of local
communities and the state government in the protection of
forest resources from fire, illegal grazing, and timber cutting,
in exchange for which they receive non-timber forest
products. Indian JFM programs are characterized by a joint
venture approach; they are different from other community
management schemes, and are a cross between the top-down
and bottom-up approaches. This chapter discusses two case
studies, Morni-Pinjore and Yamunanagar Forest Division
(Haryana) and Janaram Forest Division in Andhra Pradesh, to
shed light on the problems and prospects of JFM in India. It
was concluded that there is spatial disparity in the success and
failure of JFM programs between states and within
The institutional mechanism to facilitate JFM in India started with
National Forest Policy in 1988 followed by June 1990 circular issued by
the Government of India in this regard. Till today, around 22 states
have issued requisite orders to facilitate implementation of the JFM
elicit people’s participation in managing the forest resources.
per the latest information available around 36,130 JFM committees
have been constituted in 22 states. Around 10.25 million ha. of forests
have been brought under JFM. State-wise status in different states as
on 1.1.2000 has been shown as below.
The Principles of Forest Management assert the right of
nations to profit from their own forest resources, but
recommend that this should occur within a framework of
forest protection, management and conservation. The
principles are not legally binding but provide
recommendations on sustainable practice.
The Principles of Forest Management include a number of
points.
All nations should take part in “the greening of the world”
through planting and conserving forests.
Forests should be managed in order to meet the social,
economic, ecological, cultural and spiritual needs of present
and future generations.
Unique examples of forest should be protected, for example
ancient forests and forests with cultural, historical, spiritual
and religious importance.
Pollutants that harm forests should be controlled.
Originating in the early 1970s, the concept of joint forest
management (JFM) is the official and popular term in India
and elsewhere for partnerships in forest management
involving both the state forest departments and local
communities. Although schemes vary from state to state, the
system works with villagers agreeing to assist in the
safeguarding of forest resources through protection from fire,
grazing and illegal harvesting in exchange for non-timber
forest products and a share of the revenue from the sale of
timber products. It was born in response to the many conflicts
over forests, notably the Chipko movement of the 1970s in
the Himalaya (Guha, 2009).
The primary objective of JFM is to ensure sustainable use of
forests to meet local needs equitably while ensuring
environmental sustainability. The central premise is that local
women and men who are dependent on forests at the village
level have the greatest stake in sustainable forest
management. The official ground for JFM was prepared by the
Indian National Forest Policy of 1988,
Micro-planning is a process of linkage of local people with
local programmes. This is a plan for linkage of resource
available or to be generated of identified area with specifite.
The scope of joint forest management has been largely
confined to degraded forest areas, though in certain cases
such as Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal, non-
degraded forestlands have also been covered under the JFM.
reduces soil fertility and causes soil erosion. It is more prone
to epidemics or insect attack. Allotting forest land to local
communities creates problems of ownership and tenurial
rights. It also causes exploitation of human labour.
Traditional forestry practices such as home gardens and tree
farms have been in practice since time immemorial to meet
the demands of forest resources by the local communities.
The scope of joint forest management has been largely
confined to degraded forest areas, though in certain cases
such as Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal, non-
degraded forestlands have also been covered under the JFM.
Extent of JFM in India
On 1st June 1990, Government of India issued guidelines to

the State Governments for involving local communities in the
protection and development of the degraded forest
Local Desider
Local Desider
Forest Management
Local Authority
Triangular Approach
Structural representation of JFM. Forest management works
between local authority ,local resident and various forest
policy(leskhozes).
It is beneficial for two corresponding states. When these state
apply JFM policy they both are tie up in a relationship.
Its is beneficial for states growths. or "when states will growth
then country is also growth."
Forest Management
Local Authority
Triangular approach
(a) Conservation of forest is a national problem so
it must be tackled with perfect coordination
between forest department and other
departments.
(b) People’s participation in the conservation of
forests is of vital importance. So, we must get them
involved in this national task.
. (c) The cutting of trees in the forests must be
stopped at all costs.
Botanically, forest trees fall into two main groups,
the gymnosperms (conifers and other cone-bearing
plants) and the angiosperms (flowering plants). The
gymnosperms consist exclusively of trees and woody
shrubs, whereas the angiosperms are a diverse group
of plants that include trees and shrubs as well as
grasses and herbaceous plants.
The present
study does not attempt to estimate the total area of
forests under sustainable forest management
worldwide
• the area of forest covered by forest management

plans (irrespective of management objective);
the country is currently engaged in an international
initiative to develop and implement criteria and
indicators for sustainable forest management (one
measure of political commitment to the concept of
sustainable forest management.
• the area of forest certified as being under

sustainable forest management (applicable
primarily to production forests).
Forest conservation support

life on earth.It maintains quality of water and air, the
basic essentials of existence of life.Stability in soil is
possible by trees, enables the land based plants and
animals to live.From their biodiversity grows wealth in
the form of food, medicines, essential for human
health.It acts as Carbon sinks absorbing Carbon
dioxide and keeps global warning at body.Forests
influence climate and educe extremes of temperature.
They conserve soil and regulate moisture and stream
flow. It prevents soil erosion and floods.Forests also
supply raw materials to so many industries like pulp-
paper, news print, saw milling, matches, medicinal
herbs..It is the source of wood for use in houses
construction and fuel wood.Forests help in main
export items like teak, paper, paper boards, natural
resins, seeds obtained from forests.Forests also
source of revenue to the Government in the form of
royalty, from leases of forest products.It also provides
employment to a large many people.
We should conserve wildlife
For protecting the huge variety of species
(biodiversity)To maintain natural beautySome wildlife
is necessary for the survival of the animalsWe depend
upon wildlife for food, clothing, medicines and many
other products.We also use wildlife for research work.

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Joint Forest Management (JFM) is a partnership in forest

management among state forest departments and local

On 1st June 1990, Government of India issued guidelines to

• the area of forest covered by forest management

• the area of forest certified as being under

Forest conservation support

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