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    FOREST

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    FOREST

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    FOREST

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    ayyyblink
    L

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    FOREST RESOURCES

    What are the negative factors that cause such fearful depletion of the flora and
    fauna?

    1. Excessive consumption of natural resources for fulfilling human needs such as wood,
    barks, leaves, rubber, medicines, dyes, food, fuel, fodder, manure, etc.
    2. The expansion of the railways, agriculture, commercial and scientific forestry and mining
    activities.
    3. Large-scale development of projects and mining activities.
    4. Unequal access, inequitable consumption of resources and differential sharing of
    responsibility for environmental well-being.

    Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India


    Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and preserves the genetic diversity of plants and
    animals.

    1. The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, for protecting habitats and
    an all India list of protected species was published.
    2. The central government also announced several projects for protecting specific animals.
    Under the Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies, moths, beetles, and
    one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species.
    3. In 1991, for the first time plants were also added to the list, starting with six species.

    Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources


    In India, forest and wildlife resources are owned and managed by the government through the
    Forest Department or other government departments. These are classified under the following
    categories.
    Reserved Forests: More than half of the total forest land in India has been declared reserved
    forests.
    Protected Forests: Forest Department has declared one-third of the total forest area as
    protected forest.
    Unclassed Forests: These are the forests and wastelands which belong to both government
    and private individuals and communities. North-eastern states and parts of Gujarat have a very
    high percentage of their forests as unclassed forests.
    Reserved and protected forests are also referred to as permanent forests, which are
    maintained for the purpose of producing timber and other forest produce, and for protective
    reasons. Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanent forests.

    Community and Conservation


    Conservation of the forest and wildlife resources is very important. Here are a few steps were
    taken by common people:

    1. In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought against mining by citing the
    Wildlife Protection Act.
    2. The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1,200
    hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’. Villages came up with their own set
    of rules and regulations which do not allow hunting. They are also protecting the wildlife
    against any outside encroachments.
    3. The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas was one successful attempt to resist
    deforestation in several areas. The movement has also resulted in community
    afforestation.
    4. Farmers and citizen’s groups like the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya
    have shown that adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of
    synthetic chemicals are possible and economically viable.
    5. India joint forest management (JFM) programme furnishes a good example for involving
    local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests.

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