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Effect of Some Splicing Variables Upon Strength Characteristics of

Polyester/Cotton Blended Yarn

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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & SOCIAL SCIENCES
1813–2235/2005/01–1–35–37
http://www.ijabjass.org
Effect of Some Splicing Variables Upon Strength Characteristics
of Polyester/Cotton Blended Yarn
SH. MUHAMMAD NAWAZ, ASSAD FAROOQ, M. QAMAR TOSIEF AND BABAR SHAHBAZ
Department of Fibre Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad–38040, Pakistan
ABSTRACT
The effect of some mechanical changes, such as splice length control lever (LN lever) setting , twisting pressure of splicing at
auto cone on tensile parameters of P/C blended yarn were investigated for different blend ratios and twist factors. The highly
significant differences were shown for twist and blend while their interaction remained non-significant.
Key Words: Autoconer; Splicing; Yarn strength; Yarn elongation
INTRODUCTION with a pressure monitor. If the air pressure in the system
falls to below the pre-determined level, the pressure monitor
Yarns very often require a rewinding operation after stops the splicing carriages. Splicing cannot continue until
spinning. Because of the relatively short lengths of yarn on the problem has been corrected.
individual spinning bobbins, it is not practical to use them The twisting pressure takes part in giving strength to
directly in such operations as warping, twisting, and quill the splicing zone, while joining the untwisted tapering ends
winding. In winding, larger packages are formed by of breaking yarn. Kaushik et al. (1988) while studying
combining the lengths from a number of spinning bobbins Quantitative contribution of splice element found that twist
into a package, such as a cone or tube that will allow for contributed most to the strength of spliced yarn and there
more continuous operation in subsequent processes. The was a progressive decrease in breaking strength and
winding process serves to achieve additional objectives elongation of spliced yarn. Similarly splicing length plays a
made necessary by the requirements of the subsequent greater role in giving strength to the splice. Hence splice
processing stages. length control lever (LN lever) setting is very sensitive as
For a long time, winding was considered to be a well as important. Cheng and Lam (2000) narrated that
simple, unimportant and non- productive process because it splice strength increased for longer fibers and decreased
merely transfers the yarn from one kind of package to with increasing twist. They further observed that as LN
another. But now technical importance is given to this lever number decreased splice strength increased.
process as it provides a fair chance to eliminate faults in
yarn in addition to enhance the process efficiency. The most MATERIALS AND METHODS
convincing contribution to yarn quality improvement in
The present research study was initiated in the
recent time has been achieved with the autoconer splicing
Department of Fibre Technology, University of Agriculture,
technique. During the processing of yarns, there is the age
Faisalabad, and conducted at the Crescent Textile Mills Ltd.
old problem of joining up two yarn ends, because the yarn
Faisalabad during the year 2002. The details of the material
flow is interrupted, for example, due to yarn breaks, the
processed and method applied to record the data for various
removal of yarn defect or due to the end of a yarn package.
quality characteristics are as follows.
An ideal yarn piecing would be one, which could pass the
Raw material selection. Lint cotton samples of Uzbek
following process with out interruption and not lead to any
Variety (Skup-x) having 28.6 mm staple length, 29 g/tex
deterioration in the quality of the finished products. In
strength, 4.3 micronaire value and 49.9% uniformity were
addition, such a piecing technique should be suitable for all
taken from the blow room. While the polyester (ICI
fibre materials, regardless of structure and denier of the
Terrylene) with 1.2 denier, 7.1 g/tex tenacity and 39 mm
yarn. Because of the yarn like character of the piecing site,
length was selected for this study.
as well as the advantage of not requiring any extraneous
Spinning process. Cotton and polyester were processed
jointing material such as adhesive, special importance
separately at the blow room and card MK5C of Crosrol. The
attaches to the splicing joint compared with other piecing
blending was done at the drawframe of Toyoda DYH 500C
methods.
by taking the following rotating ratios viz, B1=30:70,
When yarn breaks, it is joined automatically by the
B2=45:55, B3=52:48 and B4=77:23%.
splicer. The splicer overlaps the yarn ends from the package
Pure Cotton (Bo) as well as samples of polyester and
and bobbin sides, twist them together using compressed air,
cotton blends were spun into 30s yarn at the miniature ring
and thus splices them together without a knot. One
frame (Edera spin tester) with three different twist factors
important parameter which can adversely affect the strength
i.e. T1=3.40, T2=3.60 & T3=3.80.
of splices is insufficient compressed air pressure. To
Winding process. The second phase of research was carried
eliminate this possibility completely, the autoconer is fitted
out at the autocone winder Murata Mash Coner by
 NAWAZ et al. / J. Agri. Soc. Sci., Vol. 1, No. 1, 2005

employing three different splice length control lever (L-N while discussing splicing process stated that adjustments
lever) settings i.e. S1=LN3, S2=LN4, S3=LN5 and three are needed only for air pressure of the twisting nozzle and
different twisting pressures i.e. P1=5 kg/cm2, P2=5.5 kg/cm2 splice length, according to the kind of yarn.
and P3=6 kg/cm2were selected to prepare samples for Yarn elongation. Difference was found in the mean values
comparison for yarn elongation due to different blends twist factors, LN
Yarn characteristics. The yarn tensile parameters viz yarn lever settings, B x T and B x T x S interaction are
strength, yarn elongation and rupture per kilometer were significant while different twisting pressure along with all
tested using Uster Tensojet. The procedure of testing was interactions remain non significant (Table II).
adopted as given in ASTM standards (1997). The mean values of yarn elongation due to different
Statistical analysis. Four factor Completely Randomized blending ratios i.e. B0, B1, B2, B3 and B4 are 3.78, 5.00, 6.02,
Design was applied in the analysis of variance for testing 6.32 and 8.38%, respectively. Increasing the share of
differences among various quality characters studied in this polyester in the blend gradually increased the yarn
investigation. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was also elongation. These results get confirmation from Amjad
applied for individual comparison of means among various (1999) who stated that yarn elongation increased with
quality characteristics as suggested by Steel and Torrie increase in the share of man made fibre in the blend. The
(1980). The data thus obtained were subjected to statistical individual mean values of yarn elongation due to different
manipulation on computer using M-Stat computer package twist factors i.e. T1, T2 and T3 are 6.01, 5.85 and 5.84%,
developed by Freed (1992). respectively. The results show that with increasing twist,
yarn elongation reduces. Similarly Kaushik et al. (1988)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION observed that there was a progressive decrease in breaking
Single yarn strength. The statistical analysis of variance strength and elongation of spliced yarn.
for single yarn strength indicates that the difference in the The mean values of yarn elongation due to different
mean values due to different blend ratios and B x T are twisting pressures i.e. P1, P2 and P3 are 5.98, 5.88 and
highly significant and for twisting pressure and B x P x S 5.86%, respectively. These results indicate that with
are significant while due to different LN lever settings along increasing twisting pressure, yarn elongation decreases. In a
with all interactions are non significant. previous study Kaushik et al. (1988) agreed that the
The mean values of single yarn strength for different breaking strength, breaking elongation and work of rupture
blending ratios, twist factors, twisting pressure at splicing of spliced yarn was lower than for normal yarn.
zone and LN lever settings are given in Table I. It was found The individual means of yarn elongation for different
that as the share of polyester fibre in the blend increases the LN lever settings i.e. S1, S2 and S3 are 5.86, 5.85 and 6.00%.
single yarn strength value also increases. This evidence is The best mean value of yarn elongation is observed at S3.
supported by Kaushik et al. (1987), who reported that However, all these values differ non significantly among
polyester spun yarns and polyester rich blends showed each other.
greater strength retention in splicing. As opposed to the The maximum value is recorded for the combination
present results, Kaushik et al. (1988) reported that twist of B4T1S3 (polyester rich blend with minimum twist and
contributed most to the strength of spliced yarn. It was maximum LN lever number) i.e. 8.65% while minimum
found that with the increase in twisting pressure single yarn value is noted for the combination of B0T2S1 (cotton yarn
strength decreases. Previously, Kaushik et al. (1988) while with moderate twist and minimum LN lever number) i.e.
studying splicing process narrated that the 3.36%. Both cotton and P/C blended yarn with minimum
intermingling/tucking contributes the most to the strength of twist, better yarn elongation value comes at LN lever setting
spliced yarn (52%). Results indicated that different LN lever S3 (LN5) while for moderate and high twist S2 (LN4) setting
settings did not affect single yarn strength. is better for obtaining good yarn elongation value. Therefore
The maximum value is noted for the combination of for different P/C blends different combinations of twist and
B4P2S3 (polyester rich blend with moderate twisting LN lever are required as Kaushik et al. (1988) narrated that
pressure and maximum LN lever number) i.e. 611.4 g; adjustments are needed only for air pressure of twisting
while minimum value of single yarn strength is recorded for nozzle and splice length according to the kind of yarn.
the combination of B0P2S2 (cotton yarn with moderate Rupture per kilometer (R.K.M.). Difference was found in
twisting pressure and LN lever number) i.e. 301.5 g. the mean values of R.K.M. due to different blends twisting
It is evident that for cotton yarn moderate twisting pressure and interaction of B x T, B x P, T x P, T x S, P x S,
pressure and maximum LN lever setting (LN5) give good B x T x P and B x P x S are highly significant while due to
results for single yarn strength while for P/C blended yarn different twist multipliers, different setting of LN lever
low and moderate twisting pressure with maximum LN along with all interactions are non significant (Table III).
lever setting (LN5) there come good single yarn strength It was found that that with increasing share of
value. Therefore for different blend ratios of P/C different polyester fibre in the blend, R.K.M. value of the yarn also
combination of twisting pressure and LN lever are required. increases. Previously, Onder and Baser (1996) stated that
This evidence is supported by Kaushik et al. (1988) who longer fibre in the cross section of the yarn increased its

36
 STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYESTER / J. Agri. Soc. Sci., Vol. 1, No. 1, 2005

tenacity. The values of R.K.M. for different twist factors Table I. Comparison of individual treatment means for
differed non significantly from one another. However Wu Single yarn strength
and Yihlee (1995) narrated that tenacity of the fibre Blend Means Twist Means Twisting Means LN lever Means
increased with the increased twist up to a certain limit. It Ratio factor (g) pressure (g) settings (g)
was found that R.K.M. value decreases with increasing Bo 320.65 e T1 425.10 P1 431.62 a S1 425.82
B1 369.05 d T2 428.83 P2 427.01 ab S2 425.72
pressure. While studying the splicing process, Gebald B2 415.40 c T3 427.56 P3 422.86 ab S3 429.96
(1984) narrated that on the autoconer there are two features B3 432.29 b
B4 598.42 a
which ensure splice reliability. One important fault which
Any two means not sharing a letter in common differ significantly at 0.05
can adversely affect the strength of the splices is insufficient level of probability
compressed air pressure. Individual mean values for yarn
R.K.M. due to different settings of LN lever i.e. S1, S2 and Table II. Comparison of individual treatment means
S3 are 20.73, 20.81 and 20.76 g/tex, respectively. The best for Yarn elongation
mean value of yarn R.K.M. is noted at S2; however, all these Blend Means Twist Means Twisting Means LN lever Means
values have non significant difference among each other. Ratio factor (g) pressure (g) settings (g)
Showing that variation of LN lever setting does not affect Bo 3.78 e T1 6.01a P1 5.98 S1 5.86 b
B1 5.00 d T2 5.85b P2 5.88 S2 5.85 b
the R.K.M. value of yarn. B2 6.02 c T3 5.84b P3 5.86 S3 6.00 a
The maximum value is recorded for the combination B3 6.32 b
of B4T2P1 (polyester rich blend with moderate twit and B4 8.38 a
Any two means not sharing a letter in common differ significantly at 0.05
minimum pressure) i.e. 29.02 g/tex; while the minimum level of probability
value is noted for B0T1P2 (cotton yarn with low twist and
moderate pressure) i.e. 14.83 g/tex. For the moderate Table III. Comparison of individual treatment means
twisted polyester, rich blended yarn minimum twisting for Rupture per Kilometer
pressure at splicing zone yield good R.K.M. value. Also this Blend Means Twist Means Twisting Means LN lever Means
pressure is suitable for high twisted cotton yarn. Ratio factor (g) pressure (g) settings (g)
The maximum value of R.K.M. is observed for the Bo 15.77 e T1 20.81 P1 20.97 a S1 20.73
B1 18.74 d T2 20.82 P2 20.80 ab S2 20.81
combination of B4P1S1 (polyester rich blend with minimum B2 20.12 c T3 20.68 P3 20.53 b S3 20.76
pressure & LN lever number) i.e. 29.71 g/tex; while the B3 21.22 b
minimum value is recorded for the combination of B0P2S2 B4 27.78 a
(cotton yarn with moderate twisting pressure and LN lever Any two means not sharing a letter in common differ significantly at 0.05
level of probability
number) i.e. 14.98 g/tex. It is clear that better results for
R.K.M. value come at the setting S1(LN3) of LN lever at
3. As the share of polyester fibers in the blend increases,
low and moderate pressure in case of P/C blended yarn but
splice strength increases while with the increasing twist
at low pressure in case of cotton spun yarn.
factor and LN lever number splice strength decreases.
While studying effect of fibre/yarn variables on
mechanical properties of spliced yarn, Kaushik et al. (1988) REFERENCES
agreed that air overtaxing (twisting) in the splicing chamber
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Received 01 October 2004; Accepted 12 November 2004)

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