8115 - K.

RAMAKRISHNAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS)
B.E – ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
MG8591 - PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

Knowledge K1 - Remember K3 - Apply  K5 - Evaluate

Levels (KL) K2 - Understand K4 - Analyze  K6 - Create
 
UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION
TWO MARKS
Q.No Questions KL CO
Define – Management.

1. According to koontz & Weihrich “management is the process of designing k1 CO1

and maintaining of an environment in which individuals working together in
group efficiently accomplished selected aims”. 
 Write some characteristics of Management.

 Management is a continuous process.

2.  Managers use the resources of the organization both physical as well as k2 CO1
human to achieve the goals.
 Management aims at achieving the organization goals by ensuring
effective use of resources.
Write Fayol’s fourteen principles of management.

1 Division of work
2 Authority and Responsibility
3 Discipline
4 Unity of command
5 Unity of direction
6 Individual interest to general interest
3. k1 CO1
7 Remuneration
8 Centralization
9 Scalar chain
10 Order
11 Equality
12 Stability
13 Initiative
14 Esprit de-corps 
Comment: Management is both – A science and an art.

Management is a science because it contains general principles. It is also an

4. k3 CO1
art because it requires certain personal skills to achieve desired result.

 
5. Report about centralization and decentralization. k2 CO1
 The organization is centralized when the power is concentrated with one
person.

The power is fully distributed to the subordinates of the organization.

 
What are management levels?

6.  Top-level management k2 CO2

 Middle level management
 Lower-level management 
What are essential skills needs for the manager?

7.  Technical skill k2 CO2

 Human skill
 Conceptual skill
Write the function of management.

 Planning
8.  Organizing k1 CO1
 Staffing
 Coordinating
 Controlling 
What is partnership?
9. k3 CO1
A partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on business
and to share its profit and losses in an agreed ratio. 
 Write about manager.

10. Manager is a person who is responsible for performing the functions of k2 CO1
management such as planning, organizing and directing the group towards
the goals of management.
Mention the roles of management in organization.
11. K1 CO1
1. Management helps in determining the objectives of an organization.
2. Economic and social developments take place through management.
Explain unity of direction.

12. It signifies each group of activities having the same objective with one head K2 CO1
and one plan. All groups should coordinate and work together to achieve the
common goal.
What is scalar chain?
13. K1 CO1
The instruction and orders should be sent from the top management to the
lower management.
14. Define sole proprietorship. K4 CO1

It is form of organization in which the individual invests the entire capital of

 his own skill and it is solely responsible for the result of his business. The
person who contributes capital and manages the business is called sole
trader.
Define “Joint sector unit”.
15. K2 CO1
It is association of many persons who contribute money worth to common
stock and explain source trade and also share the profit and losses.
What is private limited company?
16. K1 CO1
A private limited company which has a minimum paid up capital as may be
prescribed.
Define organization culture.
17. K1 CO1
It is system of informal rules that spells out how people have to behave in
most of the time.
List out the organizational culture.

1. Subculture
2. Dominant culture
18. 3. Strong culture K4 CO1
4. Weak culture
5. Authoritarian culture
6. Participative culture
7. National culture
How does effectiveness differ from efficiency?

Efficiency means doing things right. It defines the ability to minimize the use
19. of resources in achieving organizational objectives. K4 CO1

Effectiveness means doing things right. The ability is to determine the

appropriate objectives.
What is meant by Esprit De corps?
20. K2 CO1
Union is strength. In organization, employees should be harmony and unity.
It improves the employee morale.
 
Sixteen Mark Questions
Q.No Questions KL CO
Explain the different Business organization.
1.
Definition and its types.  K2 CO1
 Discuss the contribution of Henry Fayol management.
 2.
14 Principles - Explanation K4 CO1
Describe about the evolution of management thought.

Classification of evolution of management thought - Explanation

  3. K4 CO1
 Discuss the scope and nature of management.

(i) Nature of management

4. (ii) Scope of management K1 CO1
Is Management a science or art? Discuss.

Answer:
What is science? Is management a science?
What is an art? Is management an art?
5. Management is both a science as well as an art. K4 CO1
Explain the salient features of neo-classical theory of management with
behavioral science approach.

6. (i)Neo-classical theory or Behaviour Theory K2 CO1

Explain the different roles and functions of a manager.

(a) Interpersonal roles – Figurehead role, leader, liaison

(b) Informational roles – Monitor, disseminator, spokes person
(c) Decisional roles – Entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource
7. allocator, negotiator. K5 CO1
Explain the characteristics of sole proprietorship.

Definition, Characteristics of sole proprietorship, advantages and its

8. disadvantages. K1 CO1
Discuss the components of organizational culture.

9. Definition, components of organizational culture K2 CO1

Explain partnership.

10. Definition, features of partnership, kinds of partners, K4 CO1

UNIT-2 PLANNING
TWO MARKS
What is planning?

Planning is the process of selecting the objectives and determining the course
1. of action required achieving these objectives. K1 CO2
State the important observations suggested about planning.

Planning is outlining a future course of action in order to achieve on

objective.
 Planning is looking ahead.
 Planning is getting ready to do something tomorrow.
2.  Plan is a trap laid down to capture the future. K2 CO2
3. List out the features of planning. K4 CO2

 Planning – a primary function

 Planning - a dynamic process
 Planning – based on objectives and policies
  Planning is based on facts
 Planning – a selective process
 Planning – an intellectual process
What are the main objectives of planning?

Planning is a primary function of organization. It helps in achieving

objectives. It is done to cope with uncertainty and change. It helps in
facilitating control. It helps in coordination. Planning increases organization
4. effectiveness. Planning guides in decision making. K4 CO2
Define – mission.

Mission may be defined as a statement which defines the role that an

5. organization plays in the society. K1 CO2
State the important questions to answer by a good mission.

What is our business?

6.  What should it be? K2 CO2
Define – Objectives.

The terms objectives or goals are often used interchangeably. Objectives are
7. the end results towards which the activities of firm are aimed or directed. K1 CO2
What is meant by strategies?

Strategy of an organization is the programme of action and deployment of

8. resources to attain its objectives. K4 CO2
Define – Policies.

Policies are general statement or understandings, which provide guidance in

9. decision making to various managers. K1 CO2
What is procedure?

A procedure is a chronological order of actions required to implement a

10. policy and to achieve an objective. K4 CO2
Name any two important procedures in organization.

Procedures for placing orders for material and equipment.

11.  Procedures for sanctioning different types of employee’s leave.  K5 CO2
Define – Budgets.

A budget is a statement of expected results in numerical terms and therefore

12. it may be referred as a numerical programme. K1 CO2
What is objective?

Objectives are the aims, purposes or goals that an organization wants to

13. achieve over varying periods of time. K2 CO2
14. What are the advantages and limitations of Planning? K4 CO2

Advantages
Help in achieving objectives
 Better utilization of resources
Economy in operation
Improves competitive strength
Limitations:
Lack of accurate information
Time and cost
Inflexibility
Delay during emergency period

State the two approaches of objectives.

Top –down approach

15.  Bottom –up approach K2 CO2
What are the major kinds of strategies and policies?

Growth
Finance
Organization
Personal
Products or services
16. Market  K1 CO2
Classify policies.

1.Formulated policies
2. Appealed
3. Imposed policy
4. Written policies
17. 5. Implied policies K4 CO2
Classify decisions.

Programmed and non-programmed decisions.

18.  Organizational and personal decisions. K2 CO2
What is planning premises?

The assumptions about future derived from forecasting and used in planning
19. are known as planning premises. K1 CO2
What are the practices made in making effective premising?

 Selection of premises
 Collection of information
 Development of alternative premises for contingency planning
 Verification of the consistency of premises
20.  Communication of planning premises K2 CO2
State the classification of planning premises.

Internal and External

 Tangible and intangible
21.  Controllable and uncontrollable K4 CO2
 Define – Decision making process

Decision – making is defined as the process of choosing a course of action

from among alternatives to achieve a desired goal. It is one of the functions
22. of management and also a core process of planning. K1 CO2
What are the techniques useful while evaluating alternatives?

 Quantitative and Qualitative analysis

 Marginal analysis
23.  Cost effectiveness analysis K5 CO2

Sixteen Mark Questions

What is planning? Explain the various steps involved in Planning.

1. Definition, Steps involved in planning. K1 CO2

Explain the Planning Premises.

2. Definition, Classification, Making premises effective. K2 Co2

Define Forecasting. Explain the various forecasting techniques
used for decision making process.

3. Definition, features, importance, forecasting techniques. K4 CO2

Discuss the process involved in decision making.

4. Definition, Types, decision making process. K5 CO2

Write short notes on types of strategies.

Definition and its types.

5. K2 CO2
Mention the advantages and limitations of planning.

Advantages of planning.
6. Limitations of planning. K1 CO2
What are the principles of formulating policies in modern
organization? Explain the essentials of formulating policies.

7. Definition, Nature of policy, importance of policy and its types. K2 CO2

Explain the techniques used while evaluating alternatives.

8. Definition, Techniques used in alternatives. K4 CO2

Explain the selection procedure of alternatives.

9. Selection procedure of alternatives. K1 CO2

 Describe the various types of decision.

10. Definition and its types. K4 CO2

UNIT-3 ORGANIZING
TWO MARKS
Define – Organizing.

Organizing is the process of identifying and grouping of activities required to

attain the objectives, delegating authority, creating responsibility and
1. establishing relationships for the people to work effectively. K1 CO3
Mention any four characteristics of an organization.

 Common objectives
 Specialization or Division of labour
 Authority of structure
2.  Group of persons K4 CO3
State the advantages of organization.

 Facilitate administration
 Increases the efficiency of management
 Facilitates growth and diversification
3.  Ensures optimum use of man and material resources K2 CO3
List out the steps involved in organization process.

 Determination of activities
 Grouping of activities
 Assignment of Duties
4.  Delegation of authority K4 Co3
What are the types of departmentation?

 Departmentation by numbers
 Departmentation by customers
 Departmentation by time
 Departmentation by Equipment or process
 Departmentation by Enterprise function
 Departmentation by Product or service
5.  Departmentation by Territory or Geography K1 CO3
Give a note departmentation by customers.

This type of departmentation is preferred when the needs of customers are

different in nature. Some big organization is providing special services to
6. different of customer. K2 CO3
Define – Authority.

7. Authority is the right to give orders and the power to exact obedience. K1 CO3
8. List out the sources of authority. K2 CO3
  Formal authority theory
 Acceptance authority theory
 Competence theory
What is line authority?

Line authority is the direct authority which a superior exercise over a number
of subordinates to carry out orders and instructions. In organization process,
authority is delegated to the individuals to perform the activities.
9. K1 CO3
What is staff authority?

The relationship between a staff manager and the line manager with whom he
10. works depends in part on the staff duties. K2 CO3
List the steps involved in process of delegation.

 Determination of result expected

 Assignment of duties
 Delegation of authority
11.  Creation of obligation or accountability K4 CO3
What are the steps to be followed in making staff works effective?

 Authority relationship
 Making line listen to staff
 Keeping staff informed
 Requiring completed staff work
12.  Making staff work a way of organizational life K5 CO3
State the kinds of organizational charts.

 Vertical chart
 Horizontal chart or left to right chart
13.  Circular chart or concentric chart K2 CO3
Define – Staffing.

Staffing is the part of the management process which is concerned with the
procurement utilization, maintenance and development of a large satisfied
14. work force on the organization. K1 CO3
Write any two roles of staffing.

 Effective utilization of skills and potential of the work force

15.  Development and maintenance of quality of work life K2 CO3
What is job analysis?

Job analysis is a detailed study of a job to identify the skills, experience and
16. aptitude required for the job. K1 CO3
What is job design?

The job design is usually broad enough to accommodate people’s need and
17. desires. K2 CO3
18. Define – Recruitment. K1 CO3
 B.Flippo defined recruitment as “the process of searching for prospective
employees and simulating to apply for jobs in the organization.
What is selection?

Selection is the process of finding out the most suitable candidate to the job
19. out of the candidates attracted. K1 CO3
Write down the tests used in selection process.

1. Aptitude test
2. Intelligence test
3. Psychomotor test
20. 4. Personality test K4 CO3

Sixteen Mark Questions

Explain the nature and purpose of organization.

1. Definition, nature of organization, Purpose of organization. K4 CO3

Explain the qualitative forecasting.

Definition, forecasting techniques, qualitative forecasting

2. methods. K2 CO3
Explain the importance of performance appraisal on Human
Resource Management.

3. Human resource management. K1 CO3

Discuss the merits and demerits of a line and staff organization.

4. Merits and demerits of a line and staff organization. K4 CO3

Bring out the factors affecting centralization! Decentralization.
Also highlight the merits and demerits of centralization and
decentralization with examples.

Advantages and disadvantages of decentralization

5. Making decentralization effective. K2 CO3
List the functions of staffing in HRM.

6. Functions of staffing in HRM. K4 CO3

What is strategic business unit? Explain.

7. Strategic business unit (SBU) K1 CO3

Discuss the types of centralization.

8. Types of centralization. K2 CO3

9. What is the process of performance appraisal? Explain. K1 CO3
 Process of performance appraisal
Explain and evaluate the external factors affecting HRM.

Factors affecting human resource management.

10. K4 CO3
 8115 - K. RAMAKRISHNAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(AUTONOMOUS)
B.E – ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MG8591 - PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
UNIT IV -DIRECTING

Knowledge K1 - Remember K3 - Apply  K5 - Evaluate

Levels (KL) K2 - Understand K4 - Analyze  K6 - Create
PART -A
Q.No Questions KL CO
1 Define motivation. K1 CO4
 Motivation is a general term applying to the entire class of drives,
desires, needs, wishes and similar forces that induce an individual or
a group of people to work.
 Motivation means a process of stimulating people in action to
accomplish desired goals.

2 What is meant by Brain Storming? K1 CO4

 Brainstorming is an excellent way of developing many creative
solutions to a problem.
 It works by focusing on a problem, and then coming up with very
many radical solutions to it.
3 Compare and contrast formal and informal communication. K2 CO4
Formal Communication:
 It is set by management in which all the instructions, orders and
messages are communicated through organizational hierarchy.
 Communication flow takes place in the downward direction (superior
to subordinate) and upward direction (subordinate to superior).
Informal communication:
 It is not set by management and is usually not under the control of
management.
 Informal communication is the process of spontaneous exchange of
information between two or more person at different status without
following official rules, formalities and chain of command in the
organizational structure.
4 State Laissez Faire leadership style. K1 CO4
 This French phrase means “leave it” leader who leaves his/her
colleagues to get on with their work.
 The style is largely a "hands off" view that tends to minimize the
amount of direction and face time required.
Advantages:
 No work for the leader.
 Frustration may force others into leadership roles.
 Empowers the group.
5 Recite Job enrichment. K1 CO4
Job enrichment is based on the assumption that in order to
motivate the personnel, the job itself must provide opportunities for
achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement and growth.
6 Justify how a leader differs from a manager. K5 CO4
Leader:
Influences the people to strive for group goals. Get authority by
virtue of skills and ability.

Manager:
Influences by exercising planning, staffing, directing and
controlling. Get formal authority delegated by the above.

7 Outline the different types of management strategies involved in leadership. K4 CO4

 Autocratic Leader
 Democratic or Participative
 Free-rein leader / laissez-faire Leadership
 Paternalistic Leadership

8 Describe Paternalistic Leadership. K1 CO4

Serves as the head of the family and treats his followers like his family
members. He assumes a paternal or fatherly role to help, guide and protect
the followers.

9 Explain Free-rein leader / laissez-faire Leadership. K5 CO4

 Leaders uses his or her power very little, giving a high degree of
Interdepence in their operations.
 Leaders depend largely on subordinates to set their own goals and the
means of achieving them, and they see their role as one of aiding the
operation of followers by furnishing them with information and
acting primarily as a contact with the groups external Environment.
10 Compare Autocratic leader and Democratic Leader. K2 CO4
Autocratic Leader –Commands and expects compliance, is dogmatic
and positive, and leads by the ability to withhold or give rewards and
punishment.
Democratic or Participative – consults with subordinates on
proposed actions and decision and encourage participation from there

11 Define non-verbal communication. K1 CO4

Nonverbal communication between people is communication through
sending and receiving wordless cues Facial expression, eye contact, dress,
posture, gesture, handshakes, proxemics, chronometry etc

12 Define a leader. K1 CO4

Leader is one who influences people so that they will strive willingly
and enthusiastically towards achievement of the goal.

13 State Organizational culture K1 CO4

 Organization culture refers to the beliefs and principles of a particular
organization.
 The culture followed by the organization has a deep impact on the
employees and their relationship amongst themselves.
  Every organization has a unique culture making it different from the
other and giving it a sense of direction.
 It is essential for the employees to understand the culture of them
workplace to adjust well.

14 Summarize communication. K2 CO4

Communication is t he passing of information from one person t o
another person.
This will be accomplished with the help of the following elements.
( 1) Source, ( 2)Encoding ( 3) Message ( 4) Channel ( 5) Decoding ( 6)
Receiver ( 7) Feedback
15 Define Effective communication? K1 CO4
If the message sent by the sender to the receiver is understood by the
receiver in t he same sense it is called effective communication.
16 Outline the elements in t he Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. K4 CO4
(i) Physiological needs or basic needs.
(ii)Safety needs.
(iii)Social needs.
(iv) Esteem needs.
( v) Self -actualization needs.

17 List the Hierarchy of needs. K1 CO4

 Physiological needs.
 Safety needs.
 Social needs.
18 State the advantages of democratic leadership. K1 CO4
 The subordinates are motivated by participation in decision-making
process.
 This will increase job satisfaction.
 Absence of leader does not affect output.
 Labor absenteeism and turn-over will be minimum.
 The quality of decision is improved.
19 Explain job enlargement. K5 CO4
 Job enlargement is a job design technique wherein there is an
increase in the number of tasks associated with a certain job.
 In other words, it means increasing the scope of one’s duties and
responsibilities.
 The increase in scope is quantitative in nature and not qualitative and
at the same level.

20 Classify the different types of management strategies involved in leadership. CO4

 Distribute responsibility
 Be honest and open about information
 Create multiple paths for raising and testing ideas
 Develop opportunities for exercise-based learning

PART -B
1 Explain the different motivation theories. K5 CO4

2 Explain any one motivation theory and suggest how the motivation theory K5 CO4
aid in getting managers to motivate their staff.
3 Explain process of communication and also explain the barrier to effective K5 CO4
communication.
4 Justify whether motivation is important for organization development K5 CO4
explain with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
5 Describe leadership styles and leadership theories K2 CO4

6 Discuss how the communication through electronic media is helpful for K2 CO4
effective business.
7 Illustrate the essential qualities of a good leader with an example. K4 CO4

8 Explain the types of formal and informal organizational communications. K5 CO4

9 Summarize how job enrichment helps organizations to maintain K2 CO4

competitiveness.

8115 - K. RAMAKRISHNAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS)
B.E – ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MG8591 - PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
UNIT V-CONTROLLING

Knowledge K1 - Remember K3 - Apply  K5 - Evaluate

Levels (KL) K2 - Understand K4 - Analyze  K6 - Create
 
Q.No Questions KL CO
1 What is budgetary control? K1 CO5
A system which uses budgets as a means of planning and controlling
all aspects of producing and / or selling commodities and services.

2 Define MIS K1 CO5

A system of obtaining abstracting, storing and analyzing data to
productions information for the use in planning, controlling and decision
making by managers at the time. They can most effectively be used it.
3 List any four types of control K1 CO5
 Feedback control
 Concurrent control
 Feed forward control
 Continuous control
4 Explain Budget K2 CO5
A budget is the expression of a firm’s plan in financial form for a
period of time into the future.
5 Outline the advantages and disadvantages of budgetary control. K4 CO5
Advantages:
 • Enables remedial action to be taken as variances emerge.
• Motivates employees by participating in the setting of budgets.
• Improves the allocation of scarce resources.
• Economies management time by using the management by
exception principle.
Disadvantages:
 Inaccuracy
 Expenditure
 Distortion of goals
6 Discuss productivity. K2 CO5
 Productivity is a measure of how much input is required to
produce a given output

 i.e. the ratio is called productivity.

 Productivity is the measure of how well the resources are brought
together in an organization and utilized for accomplishing a set of
objectives.

7 Explain preventive control and quality control. K5 CO5

An efficient manager applies the skills in managerial philosophy to
eliminate an undesirable activity which are the reasons for poor management.
Quality control is the procedure that followed to achieve and
maintain the required quality.

8 Mention the three potential pitfalls of budgets. K1 CO5

 Lack of adjustments
 Overbudgeting Rigidity and confusion
 Establishing budgetary control in an organization is very expensive
and it requires money, time and efforts.

9 Elaborate the uses of computers in management control? K6 CO5

 Sales forecast and control
 Payroll
 Business management
 Accounting
 Personal management information
 Manufacturing information control
 Banking and credit
10 Discuss the productivity problems in a management. K6 CO5
The productivity problems i n a management are due to the
following f actors:
 Technology
 Human resources
 E -Government policy
 Machinery and equipment design
 Skill of workers
11 Mention any two requirements for effective control. K1 CO5
 An effective control should focus on objectives.
 The control system should be suitable to the needs of the
organization.
 It should forecast the future deviations and it should be forward-
looking.
12 Classify the basic types of control K2 CO5
 Feedback control
 Concurrent control
 Feed forward control
13 Explain briefly the term zero base budgeting. K5 CO5
 It starts from a “zero base” and every function within an organization
is analyzed for its needs and costs.
 Budgets are then built around what is needed for the upcoming
period, regardless of whether the budget is higher or lower than the
previous one. This budgeting must be justified for each new period.

14 Recite operational planning. K1 CO5

 An operational planning is a subset of strategic work plan. It
describes short-term ways of achieving milestones and explains how,
or what portion of, a strategic plan will be put into operation during a
given operational period, in the case of commercial application, a
fiscal year or another given budgetary term.
15 Categorize the factors affecting productivity? K4 CO5
 Technology
 Human resources
 Government policy
 Machinery and equipment
 o Skill of the worker
16 Mention the uses of computer in handling information, K1 CO5
 Computers have the advantage of producing accurate results. It can
perform variety of tasks at a time automatically.
 When a raw data is given to the computer, it works on it
 and then produces the output as a result.
 This result can be taken in a printed form as well computer can
perform different operations, arithmetic or logical.
17 What are the modern techniques of control? K1 CO5
 Management audit
 Return on investment
 PERT and CPM
18 Categorize the types of budgets. K4 CO5
 Functional classification- Sales, production, cash, capital and master
budget
 Time classification- Short, current and long-term budget
 Activity level- Fixed and flexible budge
19 List the objectives of budgetary control? K1 CO5
 Maximization of profits;
 To plan and control the income and expenditure of the organization;
 To provide adequate working capital

20 Summarize MIS Resources. K2 CO5

 To provide the information up to date
 To take effective decision making
 To provide the right information available in the right form at the
right time

PART -B

1 Explain different Budgetary and non-budgetary control techniques. K5 CO5

2 Explain the steps involved in the process of controlling. K5 CO5

3 Write short notes on control of productivity problems and management. K1 CO5

4 Define productivity. Explain the factors affecting productivity. K1 CO5

5 Discuss various types of tools used to monitor and measure organizational K2 CO5
performance.
6 Elaborate the techniques of controlling. K6 CO5

7 Describe the tools to produce productivity. K2 CO5

8 Explain about break even analysis and budget as tools for organizational K5 CO5
control.
9 Outline Operations Management and explain the activities associated with K4 CO5
operations management.

10. Assess the importance of reporting in organizations and also explain the K5 CO5
types of Reports.