TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring System)

Receiver unit

TPMS
(Tire Pressure Monitoring System)

Published by
Chonan Technical Service Training Center

Contents

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1. Fundamentals of TPMS 3
1.1 General 3

1.2 4

2. System components 6
2.1 Tire pressure sensor 6

2.2 Receiver 13

2.3 Initiator 16

3. Control system 18
3.1 General 18

3.2 Telltale lamp driving 18

3.3 Comparisons 22

3.4 System operating flow 23

4. Service points 24
4.1 Sensor replacement 24

4.2 Tire mounting & dismounting 25

4.3 Diagnostic trouble code 27

1. Fundamentals of TPMS
1.1 General
TPMS has been applied on the vehicle as an advanced safety device since NHTSA FMVSS 138
has made the related regulation. According to the frequent accident due to the insufficient tire

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pressure, it has been necessary to develop more reliable system to monitor the actual pressure and
give a proper telltale to the driver while driving. The conventional TPMS can be classified into two
kinds pf system briefly as below.
a) Indirect type: The tire pressure can be calculated indirectly depends on the value change of the
wheel speed signal. But it is not accurate and different comparing with the following ‘Direct type’,
because the tore pressure is calculated by comparing the wheel speed of both sides. Especially
it is more difficult to calculate and compensate while driving on the off road or irregular road and
driving condition. This type had been applied in GM, Ford and Toyoda.
b) Direct type: It detects the tire pressure directly installing the pressure sensor inside of the actual
tire, so it is more accurate and possible to know the current actual value with real time comparing
with the previous ‘Indirect type’. However, it costs higher than old type but it is strongly required
to adopt this direct type for the safety by federal regulation in the North America market. This
type is being adopted on the Honda, developed on the Hyundai and Kea motors.
* Available in ‘high line’ only
*Tire pressure sensor (Spare tire)

Warning lamp

Tire pressure Receiver *Iniator

sensor

Hyundai has developed the ‘Direct type’ to meet the related US market regulation on the new
released vehicles
Makeras below table. Grade Hyundai Kia

HIGH LINE SM BL, GH

TRW
LOW LINE JM, NF, GK KM, GQ

HIGH LINE - VQ
LEAR 3 Chonan Technical Service Training Center
LOW LINE TG, MC JB, MG
TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring System)

* TRW: The joint venture (ENTIRE) company of TRW-Michelin produces TPMS for KM, GH and so
on.
* All the contents in this manual explain TPMS supplied by TRW system only.

High line has some more components and functions

for the luxury vehicles than low line. However, it will be
explained again about the difference between the high
and low line on this manual. In case of KM, it is
applied as an optional part from October 2004. (TBD)

Tire pressure sensor

1.2 Terms
- Mode
There are several kinds of mode for the particular function and the purpose of system control as
below.

1) Virgin status (Unprogrammed):

The vehicle information is not programmed or coded by the designated tool (device) in the control
module. ‘TPMS’ lamp on the cluster of the vehicle will blink continuously with the frequency of 1Hz
and the duty of 50% in case of virgin mode. (Both ‘high line’ and ‘low line’)

2) Transported (Storage) mode:

The receiver and the tire pressure sensors are in the state of ‘sleep’, it means the system is not
operated. (The pressure and the temperature information inside of the tire are not transferred from
the sensors to receiver) The purpose of this is to make the microwave frequency from the sensor
not effect or intervene against the transportation such as a ship or aircraft while delivery. ‘TPMS’
lamp on the cluster of the vehicle will be turned on for 2 seconds and turned off 1 second
repeatedly. The transported mode is also to prevent interference in the plant.
3) Normal mode:
The information of the pressure and the temperature inside of the tire from the sensors are
transmitted to receiver to inform it to driver. It means the whole system is operated normally.

4) Diagnostic mode:

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5) Alert mode:
When the temperature inside of the tire is higher than 110℃ and the sensed pressure comparing
with the value most recently measured is higher than ±3 Psi (20kpa), this means there is a
pressure oscillation, the system will enters into the alert mode. The control parameter such as
the pressure and temperature-sensing interval time is changed to acquire more safety level.

2. System components
2.1 Tire pressure sensor
19.60 12.25

36.80
28.45

58.50
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8 to 52 degree
Adjustable Range

- Variable valve angle preliminary data:

Mass: Less than 40 grams

Materials:
Case (Sensor Housing):
DSM Akulon 30% Glass Filled Nylon
Valve:
Aluminum Valve Stem with Cap and Core
Coated with Delta Seal Silver
Nylon washer interface to wheel rim
Rubber Grommet Durometer:
Shore A 76-88
Overmold Material:
Cavist Macromelt OM646
PCB: FR4 0.062”

The tire pressure sensor detects the pressure, temperature of the tire and the remained battery
capacity of the sensor itself and so on, with the time interval as below.
a) High line: Every 4 seconds
b) Low line: Every 20 seconds

Be sure that the above time is available only under the normal condition; this sensing interval time
is changed as below under the condition of the alert mode.
a) High line: 4 seconds
b) Low line: 4 seconds

In case of, ‘High line’, the sensing operation by the pressure sensor will be halted as soon as the
engine stops to save the battery power. However, in case of the ‘Low line’, this sensor is operated
always regardless of the engine running or stalling. As shown in the below picture, the sensor

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communicates with the initiator in case of the ‘High line’ only, and LF (Low Frequency) is used with
the frequency of 125KHz.

N.A: 315MHz, EU: 433MHz

125KHz

‘High line’ only.

LF communication interface equipped in the pressure sensor is for not only initiator but also “Entire”
tool. The detail explanation for this tool will be handled later in this manual.

LF (125KHz)

Tire pressure sensor

Entire tool

While the storage mode (for transportation), this LF communication may be stand-by for wake-up
between the ‘Entire tool’ and the pressure sensor. (Both ‘High’ and ‘Low’ line)

On the other hand, the sensed value or information such as the pressure and the temperature will be
sent to the receiver with the time interval as below under the normal operating condition.
a) High line: 1 minute
b) Low line: 3 minutes 20 seconds

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On a high line system, the LF initiators will only normally change sensor modes and allow LF
initiation when the receiver is in ‘normal mode’. The receiver mode is changeable through diagnostics
(Hi-scan or EnTire tool).
Every pressure sensors have an own 32-bit identification number; this means the receiver must
identify the signal of the vehicle with the one from the other vehicle when other vehicle is approaching
to him on the road while driving. That is why it is necessary to take a specific time to learn the new
data from the sensor whenever the tire is changed with new one.
However, its time period is changed in case of alert mode for the safety.
a) High line: 4 seconds
b) Low line: 4 seconds

Don’t confuse the two interval times of sensing by sensor and the sending to receiver. This
information collected by the sensor will sent to receiver using RF (Radio Frequency) communication
and refer the frequency specification on the picture. This value of frequency is closely related with the
microwave regulation by each government.
Here we have a table to summarization of the control time difference between the ‘High’ and ‘Low’ line
depends on the mode.

Status Items High-line Low-line Remark

Pressure measurement No No
Storage
LF Monitoring for
Yes Yes While the transportation of Sensor or Vehicle
Wake up
mode
RF transmission No No

Pressure & Temperature Every 4s Every 20s

measurement check check
3min
RF (1 data gram) 1min±10s
20s±10s
Sending time (±20%)
(±20%)
Normal
mode RF transmission IGN on Always
Condition
# Of Packet
4 4
(Per data gram)

LF signal check time 0.5s 4s Tolerance is 20%

Alert Set condition 1) Changes of pressure with last transmit and current

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measurement ≥ ± 3 Psi (20kPa)

2) Measured temp ≥110℃

Pressure & Temperature Every 4s Every 4s

mode measurement check check

RF (1 data gram) 4s(during 1 4s(during
Sending time min) 1min)
# Of Packet
8 8
(Per data gram)
※ TP sensor detects not only the tire pressure but also the temperature, however this temperature
information does not be used to compensate for the warning lamp control. Even the case that the
pressure is decreased due to the ambient temperature or severe braking condition (high heat will
be generated) also may result the potentially dangerous situation while driving. The temperature
information in this system (TRW) will be used to enter the certain mode such as an alert mode and
so on to acquire more safe system control. The alert mode entry due to over temperature is to
make sure that the system flags a warning that the sensor is about to shut down due to high
temperature.

- Tire pressure sensor block diagram (Inner circuit)

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- The specifications of the tire pressure sensor

TRW Sensor Options
Parameter Sensor Capability
Battery Life 10 years
Average Field Strength Compliant with FCC /ETSI emissions.
Frequency 315MHz North America / Korea, 434MHz Europe
Modulation ASK – Bi Phase
Operating Temperature -40C to +125C
Maximum Survivability 150C for 120 min.
Temperature Measurement Resolution 1C
Temperature Measurement Error +/- 3C (-20C to +70C)
+/- 5C (-40C to +125C)
Pressure Tolerance +/- 1 psi Pass. Car
0C to + 50C +/- 2 psi Truck
Pressure Tolerance +/- 2.6 psi Pass. Car
-40C to 0C +/- 5.2 psi Truck
+50C to +125C
Pressure Measurement Range 0 to 65.3 psi Pass. Car
0 to 130.5 psi Truck
Pressure Measurement Resolution 0.26 psi / step Pass. Car
0.51 psi / step Truck
Battery Voltage Measurement Range 2.1 to 3.6 Volts
Battery Voltage Measurement Resolution 18.3mV / step
Ability to acquire transmitter ID by initiating 125KHz Ability present
signal
Transmission Rate (Normal Mode) Basic System: Since micro core is used, then

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TRW Sensor Options

Parameter Sensor Capability
Low line: Operates with the sensor in normal fixed transmission rate is dependent on OEM
state. requirements vs. battery life. TRW standard
High line: Operates with the sensor in normal transmitter will measure the tire’s pressure every
delayed state. 20 seconds and transmit every 2 minutes 32sec. to
4 minutes 12sec. (Low line) under normal pressure
conditions whether stationary or rolling.

Alternative #2 High Line: Same as basic, although

receiver can ping tires (with LF energy) at any time
to obtain sensor info.
Data gram Definition
Stabilization 200uS On, 200us Off, 500us On
Synchronization 4 data zero bits
Data 1 8 bits pressure
Data 2 8 bits temperature
Unique ID’s 32 bits for transmitter ID’s
Status 8 bits
- 3 State Bits
o Normal
o Alert
o Sleep
o Storage
o Gage
o Battery Voltage/Temp
o Life Count
o Spare
- 5 Diagnostic Bits
o Low Battery
o LF Transmit
o Spare
Checksum/CRC 8 Bits (CRC – 8 polynomial)
- Polynomial: X8+X2+X1+X0
- Detects all single bit errors
- All Double bit errors

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TRW Sensor Options

Parameter Sensor Capability
- All Odd number of bit errors
- Any burst error less than 8 bits long
(guaranteed)
- Most error bursts  8 bits (probable)
Most burst errors totally eliminate the bits. In other
words, a data “0” is rarely decoded as a data “1”
and vice versa. More than likely both a data “0”
and a data “1” are not decoded at all, leaving a
large time gap between valid data. This message
will be ignored in this case.
Total Data gram Time 14.5ms
Baud Rate Tolerance +/- 7%
Baud Rate 5 kpbs
LF Field Sensitivity Basic System H = 46 A/m
LF Field Sensitivity High Line H = 0.3 A/m
 There is a tolerance on temperature measurement at higher temperatures, which means that
the sensor can shut down at a lower temperature than 125℃. A shut down level of 120℃
can occur i.e. the temperature measurement tolerance affects the operating temperature
range.

- TPM Sensor RF Performance Characteristics

• 10-year battery life (Cannot be replaced alone)
• High temperature coin cell battery operation to 120 ° C, survive 150 ° C
• Internal antenna coupled to valve
• Sensor RF circuit design provides stable operation under varying antenna loads

- The definition of the RF message

- Consideration for weight unbalance

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The weight of tire pressure sensor is about 45g per one unit and it will have a bad influence to the
dynamic balance while driving. For this reason, the groove was made on the wall side of aluminum
wheel (TPMS not applied in steel wheel) to reduce the effect due to the weight of sensor. Most of the
wheels receiving a TPMS sensor are processed to reduce the weight in the zone close to the valve’s
hole:
– This weight reduction is obtained smelting the rim thickness.
– This weight reduction doesn’t balance completely the sensor weight.
The processed wheels are fitted both with and without the sensor (normal valve only)
– The dynamic balancing of a tire-wheel assembly with sensor needs about 10 to 15 grams more
than one with normal valve only, it means that the weight increase is approximately 40% of the
sensor weight
– The weight of an EnTire sensor is about 35 grams with fixed valve and about 45 grams with
adjustable valve (it depends by the valve length)
2.2 Receiver

- Specification for the receiver

TRW Receiver Specifications
Parameter Receiver Capability
Receiver Operating Temperature -40C to +85C
Receiver Operating Voltage Range 10 - 16 VDC
Receiver Operating Frequency 315MHz Super heterodyne Receiver Section
Receiver Sensitivity -105dBm typical
Receiver Bandwidth 450KHz typical
Receiver Memory ROM Standard, Flash Memory available
Vehicle Interface  Vehicle Pwr,
 Gnd,
 Inputs

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TRW Receiver Specifications

Parameter Receiver Capability
 Ignition,
 Diagnostic Input
 Outputs
 LF Coil Enable, Power, Gnd,
 Vehicle communication via CAN, Hardwired
options available
 Diagnostic bus available
Standby Current Less than 1mA
Antennae Internal Antennae
Ignition Input Electrical Characteristics (Typical)
IGN input ON voltage 5.0V MIN
IGN input OFF voltage 2.0V MAX
LF Coil Output Electrical Characteristics (Typical)
LF output voltage 12V (9-16VDC)
LF output control 125KHz, 0-12V, 50% duty cycle
LF output SOURCE current 0.7ADC
Other Characteristics It was not decided yet to adopt CAN
System ROM Vreg &96K Bytes communication on Hyundai or Kia.
Batt
Watchdog
System RAM 4K Bytes
System EEPROM 1K Bytes
System UART Single channel UART
Diagnostics DIAG Inteface UART CAN Bus
CAN Drivers

- Receiver block diagram

Microcontroller IGN Sense Ignition

TBD

LF Enable
LF Enables
4

RF
Antennae Delete for Basic receiver
Superheterodyne
Conditioning (non-autolocation)
Receiver

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2.3 Initiator
It is attached behind the splashguard or in the bumper /
fender area and environmentally sealed module. 3 wires
are used with the normal cable such as power (from
receiver), ground and signal (to receiver). It provides close
loop control of individual transmitters.

LF Initiator

- The definition of the LF message

Data Hex Description

Value
00 Change to Diagnostic State
20 Change to Normal state
40 Change to Alert State
60 Change to Sleep State
80 Change to Storage State
A0 Change to Gauge State
C0 Initiate Battery /Temperature
E0 Initiate Life Counter Message
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FF Initiate transmission – No State Change
TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring System)

- Specification for the initiator

TRW LF Initiator Specifications
Parameter LF Initiator Capability
LF Initiator Operating Temperature -40C to +85C
LF Initiator Operating Frequency 125KHz +/- 0.5%
Vehicle Interface  Power,
 Ground,
 Signal connections
Packaging See mechanical models
LF Electrical Characteristics (Typical)
LF input voltage 12V (9-16VDC)
LF input control 125KHz, 0-12V, 50% duty cycle
LF input SINK current 0.7ADC
Power Supply Electrical Characteristics (Typical)
Standby Current < 200uA

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3. Control system
3.1 General
Display
Spare wheel Reuse high end displays
Sensor and initiator Add audible warning as
appropriate

Sensor
Valve-mounted
Measures absolute pressure
and temperature
Data transmitted by RF

Initiator
Fixed on the splash guard in the wheel
Receiver unit wells, or front bumper/fender
RF receiver
Initiator control
Tire Monitoring and Warning Logic

* Sensor and initiator on the spare wheel:

- These are available on Sorento, Opirus (Amanti), Santa Fe only among the ‘High line’ models.
- There is no mentioned regulation to define the TPMS for spare tire.
** Initiators for 4 driving wheels:
These are available on the all ‘High line’ vehicles.

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3.2 Telltale lamp driving

There are several warning lamps for the safe driving as below.
1) Tire pressure warning lamp: tread shape lamp on the cluster
The driver must know the dangerous situation if the tire pressure is too
low. This lamp will be turned on if the tire pressure is below than the
specification. Be sure that this specified value is different depends
on the model of vehicle. That is why the vehicle information must be
coded for the system to be operated normally from the virgin status. Tire pressure
warning lamp
Additionally this lamp is turned on while the initial checking for 6 seconds.
This lamp is equipped on the both ‘high line’ and ‘low line’.

2) ‘TPMS’ lamp: Diagnosis lamp

If there is some system fail, this lamp will be turned on to inform the TPMS
system fail to driver. Additionally this lamp is turned on while the initial
Diagnosis lamp
checking for 6 seconds. This lamp is equipped on the both ‘high line’
and ‘low line’.

3) Low pressure tire warning lamp: ‘High line’ only

The driver must know the dangerous situation if the tire pressure is too
low. This lamp will be turned on if the tire pressure is below than the
specification. Especially this lamp informs that which tire has low
pressure. Be sure that this lamp is equipped on the ‘high line’ only. Low-pressure
tire warning lamp
(High line only)
Question)
If TPMS system is failed, this low-pressure tire-warning lamp will be turned on
a) b) c)

d) e) f)

If there is a system failure and the system can still safely detect a tire failure, it will turn the tire

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location & TREAD lamp on. If the system fault prevents proper under-inflation / leak detection, then
the TREAD lamp will not turn on. Under-inflation / leak warnings never occur in Virgin or Transport
mode. Neither does DTC (TPMS lamp) warnings.

Not applied Not applied

Not applied

The system will continue to turn lamps on when it detects a fault.

- Tread warning lamp operating condition

This lamp will be turned on depends on the condition of the tire pressure.
There are two kinds of mode to control the warning lamp by the receiver.
All engineering specification in this paragraph is for JM vehicle only, the
specific condition value may differ depends on the vehicle models Tire pressure
(SantaFe, Sorento…) warning lamp

1) Slow Air Leaking mode:

If the air pressure leaking rate is lower than 2.5mbar/sec (= 0.0363psi/sec =
Definition
2.17psi/min)

Threshold 1,602mBar (= 23.2psi) : Tolerance is ±70mBar (0∼50℃)

TREAD lamp If the air pressure is lower than the threshold (1,602mbar), the lamp must be
Condition
ON ON within 3minute 20seconds. (4 minutes including of time tolerance)

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TREAD lamp If the air pressure is higher than 1,852mbar (= 26.8psi), the lamp must be OFF
Condition
OFF within 3minutes 20seconds. (4 minutes including of time tolerance)

2) Rapid Air Leaking mode:

If the air pressure leaking rate is higher than 2.5mbar/sec (= 0.0363psi/sec =

Definition
2.17psi/min)

Threshold 1,602mBar (= 23.2psi): Tolerance is ±70mBar (0∼50℃)

If the air pressure is lower than the threshold (1,602mbar), the lamp must be
ON within 3minute 20seconds (4 minutes including of time tolerance) OR

TREAD lamp If the receiver detects following condition more than 3 times, the lamp must be
Condition
ON ON within 3minute 20seconds(4 minutes including of time tolerance).
- When the air pressure is lower than 1,850mbar (= 26.8psi) AND

- When the air leaking rate is higher than 2.5mbar/sec

TREAD lamp If the air pressure is higher than 1,852mbar (= 26.8psi), the lamp must be OFF
Condition
OFF within 3minutes 20seconds (4 minutes including of time tolerance).
 Note: While the vehicle is stationary, there is the potential for the sensor to be in an RF null
(although unlikely). Therefore the warning is not guaranteed.
 The leak must be > 200mBar in between RF transmission and latest measurement to be
detected as a leak.

3) Hysterisis
The lamp must be ON when the air pressure is lower than the threshold (1,602mbar =
Definition 23.2psi), but the pressure must be restored more than the threshold for the warning lamp to
be turned off.
When drive the vehicle with the leaked tire, the tire pressure may be naturally restored due to
Objective the braking or driving condition. To prevent the frequent warning lamp ON and OFF, the
hysterisis logic is applied.

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3.3 Comparisons

Items High-line Low-line

Receiver 1 unit

4 units + 1 unit for spare tire

Tire pressure sensor 4 units
(SM, BL, GH only)

Initiator 4 units Not applied

Component

Low pressure warning

lamp

Temperature No, but a cold start algorithm is applied.

compensation (Temperature compensation gives incorrect function)
Pressure sensor
IGN on Every time
Operation
After replacement, drive the vehicle. After replacement, drive the vehicle.
Time: More than 5min (7min. max) Time: More than 20min
Speed: More than 20km/h Speed: More than 20km/h
Main Service point if the
(Automatic learning mode) or (Automatic learning mode) or
function sensor is replaced…
Connect 'Entire tool' with Hi-Scan.
[2 methods]
Connect Hi-Scan with OBD connector.
Make learning of new tire according to the instruction of the scanner.
[Not decided yet to adopt this procedure]

System total weight 1.3kg 1.0kg

HMC: SM, CM, TN HMC: JM, GK, TC, MC, NF, TG

*Application
KMC: BL, VQ, GH KMC: GQ, KM, LD, MG
* It is for not only TRW but also LEAR and other suppliers.

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3.4 System operating flow

IGN. OFF

Pressure sensor Battery power save mode

Receiver transmits TP sensor stop signal

Sensor operation stops

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4. Service points
4.1 Sensor replacement
1) Assemble the sensor on the air valve-mounting hole of the
wheel after loosing the nut.

2) Tighten the screw with the torque of 0.2∼0.3kgfm to make the collar inside of the nut broken.
This is for fixing the valve on the sensor housing.

1: Cap
2: Nut
3: Washer
4: Screw
5: Sensor housing

Tighten the screw until the collar is broken

Screw (square shape)

3) Tighten the nut with the torque of 0.4∼0.5kgfm to mounting the sensor assembly on the wheel.

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The nut cannot be reused.

Nut

Caution:
- If the valve is dismounted from the rim, it must be replaced with a new equivalent one.
- Avoid, if possible, tire lubricant coming into contact with sensor housing.
- Ensure cap is always fitted after assembly.
- Handle the sensor with care as it contains electronic components.

4.2 Tire mounting & dismounting

1) Ensure tire bead is lubricated to
facilitate mounting. Avoid lubricant
coming into contact with sensor
Mounting arm
housing.
2) Start tire mounting approximately
15cm away from the valve position.
Mounting process shall proceed in
the direction going away from the
valve. During tire mounting, tire shall
not apply any pressure onto the
sensor housing, or be pinched
anywhere between the rim and the
sensor. Tire mounting shall end up
near the valve.
3) During tire inflation, ensure pressure
does not exceed 4 bars. If an
inflation bell is used, the tire must not
apply any pressure onto the sensor Wheel rotation direction
housing, or hook the edge of the
sensor housing.

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4) Start tire dismounting approximately 180˚

away from the valve position. During tire
dismounting, tire shall not apply any pressure onto
the sensor housing, or be pinched anywhere
between the rim and the sensor. Tire dismounting
shall end up near the valve.

※ Bead breaking from the front or backside.

The anvil that breaks the bead clears the TPM sensor even when located very close to the rim at the
beginning of the cycle.

The anvil when started from the backside swings in on the rim on an arc that contacts the sensor in
this position. TRW would recommend that the sensor be positioned approximately 180 degrees from
this when breaking the bead from the backside.
- Close up of the sensor damage.

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4.3 Diagnostic Trouble Code

DTC Warning type Trouble Description Diagnostic Lamp

C1121 Sensor 1 / Front Left Sensor Battery Low.

C1122 Sensor 2 / Front Right Sensor Battery Low.

Permanent during detection
C1123 Sensor 3 / Rear Left Sensor Battery Low.

C1124 Battery Level Sensor 4 / Rear Right Sensor Battery Low.

C1125 Sensor 5 / Spare wheel Sensor Battery Low. OFF (No Lamp indication)

C1126 Vehicle / TPM Receiver Battery Low

Permanent during detection
C1127 Vehicle / TPM Receiver Battery High.

C1660 Receiver RF circuit.

System
Initiator / LF circuit / RF Circuit Failure not affecting Permanent
C1664 Hardware
RSSI level (High Line only).
EEPROM
C1661 Receiver EEPROM Failure. Permanent
Failure
Micro
C1668 Internal failure detection. Permanent
controller error
LF/RF External
C1300 LF/RF Interference Failure. Permanent during detection
Interference
RF Internal
C1306 Internal vehicle RF source e.g. scanner. Permanent
Interference

C1312 Individual RF Sensor 1 / Front Left RF Failure.

Permanent
C1313 channel Sensor 2 / Front Right RF Failure.

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DTC Warning type Trouble Description Diagnostic Lamp

C1314 Sensor 3 / Rear Left RF Failure.

C1315 Sensor 4 / Rear Right RF Failure.

failure.
C1316 Sensor 5 / Spare wheel RF Failure. OFF (No Lamp indication)

C1341 Front Left LF Failure.

Individual LF
C1342 channel Front Right LF Failure.
Permanent
C1343 failure (High Rear Left LF Failure.
Line only).
C1344 Rear Right LF Failure.

C1322 Sensor 1 / Front Left Sensor over 110°C.

C1323 Sensor 2 / Front Right Sensor over 110°C.

Sensor over Permanent
C1324 Sensor 3 / Rear Left Sensor over 110°C.
Temperature
C1325 Sensor 4 / Rear Right Sensor over 110°C.

C1326 Sensor 5 / Spare Sensor over 110°C. OFF (No Lamp indication)

C1332 Sensor 1 / Front Left Sensor Fault.

C1333 Sensor 2 / Front Right Sensor Fault.

Sensor Permanent
C1334 Sensor 3 / Rear Left Sensor Fault.
Failure
C1335 Sensor 4 / Rear Right Sensor Fault.

C1336 Sensor 5 / Spare wheel Sensor Fault. OFF (No Lamp indication)

C2510 TREAD Lamp short circuit to 12V. Permanent

C2511 Diagnostic Lamp short circuit to 12V. -

Lamp / LED
C2512 Short Circuit Front Left LED short circuit to 12V.

C2513 LED = High Front Right LED short circuit to 12V.

Line only) Permanent
C2514 Rear Left LED short circuit to 12V.

C2515 Rear Right LED short circuit to 12V.

C1666 Initiator short Initiator supply short circuit to 12V.

circuit (High Permanent
C1665 Initiator supply short circuit to GND.
Line only).
Notes:

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TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring System)

1. Permanent means that once the warning is raised, that the Diagnostic lamp remains on throughout
the current ignition cycle. The Diagnostic lamp should remain on after Ignition cycled off and on
and then be turned off if after re-check, the failure no longer exists.
2. Permanent During Detection means that when the DTC is raised i.e. detected as being present, the
diagnostic lamp is turned on. When the next DTC check occurs and the DTC is no longer detected
as present (becomes historic), the lamp is turned off.
3. All DTC’s can only be cleared by diagnostic command. Clear means erase both historic and current
DTC’s from memory.
4. As per SAE J1979 specification (revised SEP 97), C1 will be replaced by 5 since the product is
defined as a chassis product by the customer. C2 will be replaced by 6. This means that each DTC
transmission is 2byte.

28 Chonan Technical Service Training Center