Classification of Rocks

CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS
1. Igneous rocks - rocks that are

formed from the solidification of
molten rock material (magma or
lava). Molten rock material can
solidify below the surface of the earth
(plutonic igneous rocks) or at
the surface of the Earth (volcanic
igneous rocks). Minerals are formed
during the crystallization of
the magma. Note that the rate of
cooling is one of the most important
factors that control crystal
size and the texture of the rock in
general.
Igneous rocks (from the Latin word for

fire) form when hot, molten rock
crystallizes and solidifies. The melt
originates deep within the Earth near
active plate boundaries or hot spots,
then rises toward the surface.
Igneous rocks form when magma
(molten rock) cools and crystallizes,
either at volcanoes on the surface of
the Earth or while the melted rock is
still inside the crust. ... When lava
comes out of a volcano and solidifies
into extrusive igneous rock, also called
volcanic, the rock cools very quickly.
2. Sedimentary rocks- These are rocks rocks or pieces of once-living
that formed through the organism that accumulate on the
accumulation, compaction, and Earth's surface. If sediment is
cementation of sediments. They buried deeply, it becomes
generally, form at surface or near compacted and cemented, forming
surface conditions. sedimentary rock.
• Sedimentary processes at or near the
surface of the Earth include:
weathering of rocks, sediment
transport and deposition, compaction
and cementation
• Factors in sedimentary processes:
weathering and transport agents
(water, wind ice)
• Common sedimentary features: strata 3. Metamorphic rocks - rocks that form
and fossils from
• Strata: >1cm is called bedding and the transformation of pre-existing
anything less is called lamination; rocks
layering is the result of a change in (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic
grain size and composition; each rocks)
layer represents a distinct period of through the process of metamorphism.
deposition. Metamorphism can involve changes in
• Fossils: remains and traces of plants the
and animals that are preserved in physical and chemical properties of
rocks in
rocks.
response to heat, pressure, and
chemically
active fluids. They are commonly
Sedimentary rocks are formed
formed
from pre-existing rocks or underneath the earth through
pieces of once-living organisms. metamorphism
They form from deposits that
accumulate on the Earth's surface.
Sedimentary rocks often have Metamorphic rocks started out as
distinctive layering or bedding. some other type of rock, but have
been substantially changed from
their original igneous, sedimentary,
Sedimentary rocks are formed or earlier metamorphic form.
from deposits of pre-existing
Metamorphic rocks form when
rocks are subjected to high heat,
high pressure, hot mineral-rich
fluids or, more commonly, some
combination of these factors.
Metamorphic rocks form when

rocks are subjected to high heat,
high pressure, hot mineral-rich
fluids or, more commonly, some
combination of these factors.
Conditions like these are found
deep within the Earth or where
tectonic plates meet.
IGNEOUS ROCKS-THESE ARE FORMED FROM
ROCKS THAT ARE FORMED ACCUMULATION OF CLASTS OR
FROM HARDENING AND LITTLE PIECES OF BROKEN
CRYSTALLIZATION OF MAGMA ROCKS AND SHELLS. NEXT, IS
OR MOLTEN MINERAL. THE CHEMICAL. IT IS FORMED
WHEN DISSOLVED MINERALS
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF
PRECIPITATE FROM A
IGNEOUS ROCKS.FIRST, IS THE
SOLUTION. AND THE LAST TYPE
EXTRUSIVE OR VOLCANIC
OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ARE
ROCK. IT IS A LAVA THAT
CALLED ORGANIC. THESE ARE
COOLS AND THEY ARE FINE
ROCKS FORMED FROM THE
GRAINED CRYSTALS SINCE THE
ACCUMUKATION OF MATERIALS
COOLING PROCESS IS FAST.
FROM LIVINF THINGS OR
SECOND, IS THE INTRUSIVE OR
PRODUCT OF LIVING THINGS.
PLUTONIC. IT IS A MAGMA THAT
COOLS SLOWLY, THEY ARE
COARSE GRAINED CRYSTALS. METAMORPHIC ROCKS- ARE
THEY ARE CLASSIFIED BASED FORMED FROM PRE-EXISTING
ON THEIR COMPOSITION. LIKE ROCKS; THESE ROCKS HAVE
FELSIC (LIGHT-COLORED, BEEN MODIFIED BY HEAT,
FELDSPAR, SILICATE), MAFIC PRESSURE AND CHEMICAL
(DARK IN COLOR, MADE UP OF PROCESSES. THIS PROCESS IS
MAGNESIUM AND IRON), CALLED METAMORPHISM.
INTERMEDIATE (BETWEEN METAMORPHISM IS A CHANGE
MAFIC AND FELSIC) AND OF MINERALS OR GEOLOGIC
ULTRAMAFIC (VERY DARK). TEXTURE IN PRE-EXISTING
ROCKS (PROTOLITHS)
WITHOUT THE PROTOLITH
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS- THEY MELTING INTO LIQUID MAGMA.
ARE FORMED FROM PRE- (SOLID STATE).
EXISTING ROCKS OR PIECES
THERE ARE WO TYPES OF
OF ONCE LIVING ORGANISMS.
METAMORPHISM. FIRST IS THE
THERE ARE TYPES OF REGIONAL METAMORPHISM, IT
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. FIRST, HAPPENS OVE LARGE REGION
IS THE CLASTIC. THIS TYPE OF OF THE CRUST WHERE HIGH
SEDIMENTARY ROCK IS TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
IS PRESENT. AND LAST IS THE
CONTACT METAMORPHISM, IT
HAPPENS ON LAYERS OF
ROCKS HAVING CONTACT WITH
HEAT.
CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS
IGNEOUS ROCKS
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
SUBMITTED BY: LIEZL JANE S.
AGNE
SUBMITTED BY: LIEZL JANE S. GRADE 11-ABM

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CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS

1. Igneous rocks - rocks that are

Igneous rocks (from the Latin word for

Metamorphic rocks form when

SUBMITTED BY: LIEZL JANE S. GRADE 11-ABM

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