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    7 Rocks

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    Jhul Mhel Sonio
    This document defines and describes the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It explains that igneous rocks form from cooling magma, either underground (intrusive) or above ground (extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form through the weathering of existing rocks, erosion and transport of sediment, and lithification under pressure. Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are subjected to heat and pressure, causing their mineral composition and texture to change while remaining solid.

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    7 Rocks

    Uploaded by

    Jhul Mhel Sonio
    11 views27 pages
    This document defines and describes the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It explains that igneous rocks form from cooling magma, either underground (intrusive) or above ground (extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form through the weathering of existing rocks, erosion and transport of sediment, and lithification under pressure. Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are subjected to heat and pressure, causing their mineral composition and texture to change while remaining solid.

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    This document defines and describes the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It explains that igneous rocks form from cooling magma, either underground (intrusive) or above ground (extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form through the weathering of existing rocks, erosion and transport of sediment, and lithification under pressure. Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are subjected to heat and pressure, causing their mineral composition and texture to change while remaining solid.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    11 views27 pages

    7 Rocks

    Uploaded by

    Jhul Mhel Sonio
    This document defines and describes the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It explains that igneous rocks form from cooling magma, either underground (intrusive) or above ground (extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form through the weathering of existing rocks, erosion and transport of sediment, and lithification under pressure. Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are subjected to heat and pressure, causing their mineral composition and texture to change while remaining solid.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    WHAT ARE

    ROCKS?
    TYPES OF ROCKS
    Rocks

    Dry solid part of the earth’s


    surface.
    Any large piece of this that sticks
    up out of the ground of the sea.
    Assemble in masses of
    considerable quantities in nature.
    Naturally occurring, solid,
    aggregate.
    TYPES OF
    ROCKS
    IGNEOUS
    ROCKS
    FORMATION OF IGNEOUS
    ROCKS
    • All igneous rocks form from magma.
    • The type of igneous rock that forms depends on the chemical
    composition of the magma.
    • Magma – slushy mix of molten rock, dissolved gases, and
    mineral crystals.
    • Lava – magma that flows out onto the Earth’s surface
    – Chemical composition may be different from magma because
    gases escape into the atmosphere.
    ALL ABOUT MAGMA
    • The common elements in magma are the
    same that are common in the Earth’s crust:
    O, Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na

    • There are three main types of magma and


    they are classified based on their silica content.
    HOW DOES MAGMA
    FORM?
    Forms from the melting of the Earth’s crust or melting of rock
    in the mantle.
    Four factors are involved in the formation of magma:
    Temperature
    Pressure
    Water content
    Mineral content
    TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCK
    oIntrusive – forms
    under the Earth’s
    surface
    – Large grain - magma
    cools slowly and large
    crystals form .
    TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCK
    oExtrusive - forms on
    top of the Earth’s
    surface
    – Small grain - magma
    cools too quickly and
    small or no crystals
    form.
    TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCK
    oPorphyritic – two
    different crystal sizes
    – Caused by cooling
    in different
    environments.
    TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCK
    oVesicular –
    spongy
    appearance
    – Caused by gas
    bubbles.
    TYPES OF
    ROCKS
    SEDIMENTARY
    ROCKS
    FORMATION OF SEDIMENTARY
    ROCKS
    1. Weathering - the
    set of physical and
    chemical changes
    that breaks rocks
    into smaller pieces.
    FORMATION OF SEDIMENTARY
    ROCKS

    2. Erosion – the
    removal and
    transport of
    sediment.
    FORMATION OF SEDIMENTARY
    ROCKS
    3. Lithification - as
    sediment builds
    up, pressure and
    temperature
    increase in
    bottom layers.
    TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY
    ROCK
    oClastic Sedimentary Rocks
    - formed from the
    abundant deposits of loose
    sediments that accumulate
    on the Earth’s surface.
    – most common type
    TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY
    ROCK
    oChemical Sedimentary
    Rocks - forms after the
    concentration of dissolved
    minerals reaches saturation
    and crystal grains settle
    out.
    TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY
    ROCK
    Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks
    oForm from the remains of once-
    living organisms.
    oMost abundant is limestone
    (made of calcite).
    oMany contain fossils.
    TYPES OF
    ROCKS
    METAMORPHIC
    ROCKS
    ALL ABOUT METAMORPHIC ROCKS
    • Sometimes rock are subject to pressure
    and heat but do not melt.
    • Instead the mineral composition, texture,
    or chemical composition of the rock
    changes.
    TYPES OF METAMORPHIC
    ROCKS
    •Metamorphic
    rock - rocks that
    changes form
    while remaining
    solid.
    TYPES OF METAMORPHIC
    ROCKS
    •Metamorphic
    mineral – minerals
    that form during
    metamorphism.
    TYPES OF
    METAMORPHISM
    • Regional – caused
    by high temperature
    and pressure in
    large regions of the
    Earth’s crust.
    TYPES OF
    METAMORPHISM
    • Contact – when
    molten material
    comes in contact
    with solid rock.
    TYPES OF
    METAMORPHISM
    • Hydrothermal
    – when very
    hot water
    interacts with
    rock.
    THE ROCK CYCLE
    • Rocks are continually changing
    above and below the Earth’s
    surface.
    • This continuous changing is
    called The Rock Cycle.
    ROCK CYCLE

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