CHAPTER 4: JUNG’S ANALYTICAL separation troubled young Carl.

he felt distrustful
PSYCHOLOGY whenever the word love was mentioned.
- He felt he didn’t receive the care
Analytical Psychology - Occult phenomena can from his mother
and do influence the lives of everyone Childhood
Collective Unconscious - we are motivated not - He still associated woman with unrealistic ability
only be repressed experiences, but also certained whereas the word father meant reliable, but
emotionally toned experiences inherited from our powerless
ancestors - He learned at an early age not to trust or confide
Archetypes - highly developed collective in either parent and by extension, not to trust the
unconscious rest of the world.
We are compendium opposites. People are both - He turned away from the conscious world of
introverted and extroverted; rational and irrational; reason and ventured inward to the world of his
male and female; conscious and unconscious; visions, dreams, and fantasies .
pushed by past events while being pulled by future
expectations. School years
- Gradually became aware of two separate
Goal is to balance the two opposing aspects of himself (No. 1 and No. 2
sides of your personality Personalities )
- At first, he saw both personalities as part of his
Carl Jung own personal world, but during adolescence he
- Father of Analytical Psychology became aware of the No. 2 personality as a
- July 26 1875 -June 6, 1961 reflection of something other than himself - an
- Born in Kesswil, Switzerland old man long since dead. Been in touch with
- Paternal Grandfather - prominent physician in feelings of intuitions that No. 1 personality did not
Basel, one of the best known men of the city perceive.
- Father, Johann Paul Jung : minister in the
Swiss Reformed Church College
- Mother, Emilie Preiswerk Jung - daughter of a - Jung resolved all problems and made decisions
theologian based on what his unconscious told him through
- Both medicine and religion were prevalent in his his dreams.
family - Originally wanted to become an Archeologist.
- Maternal grandfather, Samuel Preiswerk : When he was ready to enter college, his major
believer in the occult and often talked to the dead. field was revealed in his dream. He saw himself
He kept an empty chair of his first wife and had unearthing bones of prehistoric animals deep
regular and intimate conversations with her. beneath the earth’s surface (archeology).

Carl’s Parents Medical School

- Father : described as sentimental idealist with - Attended a series of seances with relatives from
strong doubts about his religious faith the Preiswerk family, including his first cousin
- Mother : saw as having two separate who claimed can communicate with dead
dispositions . She was realistic, practical and people.
warm-hearted but unstable, mystical, clairvoyant,
archaic and ruthless. Marriage
- Jung identified more with his second side which - Married the second wealthiest heiress in all
he called as her No. 2 or night personality Switzerland, Emma
- Separated from his mother, who had to be - Had four daughters and one son
hospitalized for several months, and this - Maintained a highly formal, rigid approach to
raising their daughters. They had limited physical
 contact and insisted that there would be no Creative Illness
hugging or kissing of the children. - Similar with freu’s self-analysis
- Both men began their search for their self
Jung and Freud in their late 30s or early 40s; Freud as a
- Read the interpretation of Dreams and moved to reaction to the death of his father; Jung
begin interpreting his own dreams as a result of his split with his spiritual
- First meeting: lasted for 13 hours father (Freud).
- Freud was 20 years old older than Jung - Jung considered suicide and kept a gun
- First president of the International Psychoanalytic next to his bed incase he felt he had to
Association pass beyond the point of no return.
- G. Stanley Hall (first psychologists in the US) - He was haunted by visions of a bloody
invited them to series of talk lectures at Clark apocalypse and widespread carnage and
University desolation. “Travels the land of the dead,
- Began to interpret each other’s dreams falls in love with a woman he later realizes
- Freud became interested in the two skulls, he is his sister, get squeezed by a giant
insisted that Jung associated the skulls to some serpent, and eat the liver of a little child.”
death wish (lead to their separation).
- Wish of the death of the wife and sister in law. Death of Jung
- Died June 6, 1961, a few weeks short of his
Jung and his affairs 86th birthday
- He was not newly married but had been married - At the time of his death, his reputation was
for nearly 7 years and for the previous 5 of those worldwide extending beyond psychology, to
years, he was deeply involved in an intimate include philosophy, religion and popular
relationship with a former patient named Sabina culture.
Spielrein
- Jung needed more than 1 woman to satisfy the Analytical Psychology
two aspects of his personality Levels of Psyche
- He shared his life with Emma and another patient
named Antonia (Toni) Wolff
- Emma Jung seemed to have better related with
his No.1 Personality while Antonia related with
his No. 2 Personality.
- The 3-way relationship was not always amiable,
but Emma realized that Toni Wolff could do more
for Carl that she, or anyone else could and she
remained grateful for Wolff.

Difference of Jung and Freud

- Jung did not believe in the Oedipus Complex
because he saw his mother as fat and
unattractive
- He developed no inhivitions about sex. Preferred - Believed in the conscious and unconscious
the company of women over men and mind
surrounded himself with adoring female patients - Most important portion of the unconscious is
and disciples. from the collective unconscious.
- He warned his female disciples that they would
fall in love with him
- Did not hesitate to begin sexual liaisons with his
patients.
Conscious - With more repetitions, these forms begin to
- Images that are sensed by the ego develop some content and to emerge as
- Ego: center of consciousness but not the relatively autonomous archetypes.
core of personality
- Psychologically Healthy - ego takes a Archetypes
secondary position to the unconscious self. - Ancient images derived from the collective
Have contact with the conscious self but unconscious
allow to experience the unconscious self. - Emotionally toned collections of associated
images
Personal Unconscious - Different from instinct : unconscious
- All repressed, forgotten or subliminally physical impulse toward action
perceived experiences of one particular - Psychic counterpart to instinct
individual - Each with a life and personality of its own
- Contains repressed infantile memories and - Have biological basis but originated through
impulses, forgotten events, and xperiences the repeated experiences of human’s early
originally perceived below the threshold of ancestors
our consciousness - Countless number of archetypes exist within
- Unique to each of us each person but only few have evolved to
- Content is called complexes : patterns of the point where they can be conceptualized
memories and emotions with common - Dreams : main source of archetypal
themes. material
Types of Archetypes
Collective Unconscious 1. Persona
- Most controversial and most distinct - Side of personality that people show to the
concept world
- Has roots in the ancestral past of the entire - Refers to the mask worn by actors
species - Each person should project a particular role,
- Inherited and passed from one generation to one that society dictates to each of us
the next as physical potential (expectations of society)
- Content are more or less the same for - Although the persona is a necessary side of
people in all cultures our personality, we should not confuse our
- Active and influences a person’s thoughts, public face with your complete self. If we
emotions and actions identify too closely to our persona, we
- Produces “big dreams” > dreams with remain unconscious of our identity and are
meaning beyond the individual dreamer and blocked from attaining self-actualization.
that are filled with significances for people of - Psychologically Healthy > balance within
every time and place the demands of the society and what we
- Does not refer to inherited ideas but rather truly are
to human’s innate tendency to react in a 2. Shadow
particular way whenever their experiences - Archetype of darkness and repression
stimulate biologically inherited response - Represents those qualities we don't wish to
tendency. acknowledge but attempts to hide from
- Countless repetitions of these typical ourselves and others
situations have made them part of the - Contains immoral, passionate, and
human biological constitution unacceptable desires and activities.
- Ast first, they are “forms without content - We must continually strive to know our
representing merely the possibility of a shadow and that this quest is our first test of
certain type of perception and action” courage
 - People who never realize their shadow, may
heaven, home, country, Nature, Mother Earth, a
come under its power and lead tragic lives, church, hollow objects step mother, or a witch
constantly running into “bad luck” and like oven and cooking
reaping harvests of defeat and utensils
discouragement from themselves.
Wise Old Man
3. Anima - Archetype of wisdom and meaning
- Jung believed that all human are - Symbolizes human’s preexisting knowledge
psychologically bisexual of the mysteries of life
- Feminine side of men - Personified dreams as father, grandfather,
- Few men become well acquainted with their teacher, philosopher, guru, doctor, or priest
anima because this task requires greater - Appears in fairy tales as kind, the sage, or
courage and even more difficult than the magician who comes to the aud of the
becoming acquainted with their shadow troubled protagonist
- Second test of courage
- Originated from the early men’s experiences Hero
with women (mother, sister, lover) - Represented in mythology and legends as a
- Represents the irrational moods and powerful person who fights against great
feelings odds to conquer or vanquish evil in the
- Appears in dreams, visions, and fantasies in forms of dragons, monsters, serpents or
a personified form. demons
- The image of the hero touches an archetype
4. Animus within us, as demonstrated by our
- Masculine archetype of women fascination with the heroes of movies,
- Represents the thinking and reasoning novels, plays, and TV programs. When the
- Originates from the encounters of hero conquers the villain, they free us from
prehistoric women with men feelings of impotence and misery, at the
- Appears in dreams, visions and fantasies in same time serving as our model for the ideal
a personified form personality
- An immortal person with no weakness
5. Great Mother cannot be a hero
- Possessed by both men and women Self
- Represents two opposing forces - Inherited tendency to move toward growth,
- Fertility and power combine to form the perfection and completion
concept of rebirth: process of reincarnation, - Most comprehensive of all archetypes
baptism, resurrection, and individuation or - Archetypes of archetypes because it pulls
self- realization together all archetypes and unites them in
- People are moved by a desire to be the process of self-realization
reborn, that is to reach - Symbol : mandala, represents the striving of
self-actualization, nirvana, heaven or the collective unconscious for unity, balance
perfection. and wholeness
- Both personal and collective unconscious
images
Fertility & Nourishment Power & Destruction

> Capable of producing > Devour or neglect her

and sustaining life offspring
> symbolized by tree, > God-mother, the
garden, plowed field, sea, mother of God, Mother of
 given set of > Activates the
environmental unconscious psyche.
conditions An essential in the
solution of most
problems

Psychological Types
Attitudes
- A predisposition to act and react in a
characteristic decision
- Each person has both introverted and
extroverted attitude

They can be distinguished in terms of the direction

of the energy we give off
Mandala
- Presents the perfect self, the archetype of order, Introversion: inward psychic energy;
unity and totality extraversion: outward psychic energy
- Includes the conscious and the unconscious
mind, and it unites the opposing elements of the Introversion Extraversion
psyche - male and female; good and evil; light
and dark forces > turning inward of > Turning outward of
psychic energy with an psychic energy
orientation toward the > A person is oriented
Self-Realization subjective toward the objective
- People must overcome their fear of the > Tuned in to their inner and away from the
unconscious; prevent their persona from world with all its biases, subjective.
dominating their personality; recognize the dark fantasies, dreams, and > more influenced by
side of themselves (shadow); and muster even individualized their surroundings than
greater courage to face their anima or animus. perceptions their inner world.
> Perceive the external
world but they do so
Dynamics of Personality selectively and with
their own subjective
Causality Teleology view

> Holds the present > Holds the present Introversion and Extroversion
events have their origin events are motivated by
- People are neither introverted nor
in previous experiences goals and aspirations
for the future that direct completely extroverted
a person’s destiny - Psychologically healthy people = attain
balance of the two attitudes, feeling equally
comfortable with their internal and external
Progression Regression worlds

> Adaptation to the > Inner world relies on

Functions
outside world involves the backward flow
the forward flow of psychic energy - Can combine with introversion and
psychic energy > Necessary backward extraversion and form eight possible
> Inclines a person to steps in the successful orientations or types
react consistently to a attainment of goal
 - Usually appear in hierarchy, with one 3. Sensing - function that receives physical
occupying a superior position, another a stimuli and transmits them to perceptual
secondary position, and the other two consciousness
inferior position - Individual’s perception of
- A person who has theoretically achieved sensory impulses
self-realization or individualization would
have four functions highly developed
Introverted Sensing Extroverted Sensing

Types of function > largely influenced by > perceive external

1. Thinking - logical intellectual activity that their subjective stimuli objectively
produces a chain of ideas. (logical self) sensations of sight, - Proofreaders,
taste, smell. Touch, house painter,
sound. Guided by their wine taster, any
Introverted Thinking Extraverted Thinking interpretation of sense other jobs
stimuli not the stimuli demanding
> react to their external > rely heavily on themselves sensory
stimuli but their concrete (or objective) - Portraits artists, discriminations
interpretation of an thought but they may classical
event is colored more also use abstract ideas musicians
by the internal (or if these ideas have
subjected) meaning been transmitted to
they bring with them them without the other 4. Intuiting - perception beyond the working of
than by the objective people consciousness
facts themselves - Mathematicians,
- Inventors, engineers,
philosophers accountants Introverted Intuitive Extroverted Intuitive

> guided by > oriented toward facts

2. Feeling - process of evaluating an idea or unconscious in the external world.
event perception of facts that Suppress sensory
- Evaluation of every conscious are basically subjective stimuli and guided by
and have little to no hunches and guesses
activity even without an emotional
resemblance to - Some inventors,
content. external reality religious
- Mystics, reformers
prophets,
Introverted Feeling Extroverted Feeling
surrealist
> base their value > use objective data to artists, religious
judgements primarily make evaluations. fanatics
on subjective Likely to be a at ease in
perceptions rather than social situations, well
objective facts liked because of their
- Art appraisers, sociability, but their
subjective quest to conform to
movie critics social standards may
make them appear
artificial, shallow and
unreliable.
- business
people,
politicians,
objective movie
critics
 Childhood
1. The Anarchic - chaotic and sporadic
consciousness, experiences enter the
consciousness as primitive images,
incapable of being accurately verbalized.
2. The Monarchic - development of the ego
and beginning of logical and verbal thinking.
Children see themselves objectively and
often see themselves in the third person.
3. The Dualistic - ego as perceiver arises.
Ego is divided into the objective and
subjective, children refer to themselves in
the first person and aware of their existence
as separate individuals
Youth
- Puberty until middle life
- Period of increased activity, maturings
Personality Development exuality, growing consciousness and
Stages of Development recognition that the problem-free era of
- Emphasis on the second half of life (35-40 childhood is gone
years old) when a person has the - Conservative Principle - natural tendency
opportunity to bring together various aspects to cling to the narrow consciousness of
of personality and attain self-realization. childhood, thus avoiding problems pertinent
to the present time of life

Middle Life
- Begins at approx. 35 to 40 years old
- Period of tremendous potential
- The most significant stage in personality
development
- Look forward to the future with hope and
anticipation, surrender the lifestyle of youth,
*jung compares the stages of life to the sun’s discover new meaning in middle life
journey through the sky, with the brilliance of the
sun presenting consciousness Old Age
- Death is the goal of life and that life can be
General Period of Development fulfilling only when death is seen in this light
Childhood - Early morning sun: full of potential - Most of Jung's patients were middle or older
but still lacks brilliance and many of them suffered from backward
Youth - Morning sun: climbing toward the zenith, orientation, clinging desperately to goals and
but unaware of the impending decline lifestyles of the past and going through the
Middle Life - Early Afternoon Decline : brilliant motions of life aimlessly. Jung treated these
like the late morning sun but obviously headed for people by helping them establish new goals
the sunset and find meaning in living by first finding
Old Age - Evening Sun: once bright meaning in death.
consciousness now markedly dimmed
Self-Realization
- Psychological rebirth or individuation
- Process of becoming an individual or whole
person
- The process of coming to selfhood means
that a person has all psychological
components functioning in unity
- Achieved self realization, minimized the
persona, recognized their anima or animus,
and acquired a workable balance between
introversion and extroversion
- Have elevated all four functions to a superior
position
- Extremely rare and only achieved by people
who are able to assimilate their
unconsciousness into their total personality.

Analytical Psychology - essentially a psychology

of opposites and self realization is the process of
integrating the opposite poles into a single
homogenous individual.

“Knowing your own darkness is the best method for

dealing with the darkness of other people”
- Carl Jung