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    1.1 Metric Space

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    shahzeb khan
    1. The document defines several metric spaces: - l" is the space of bounded sequences of complex numbers with the supremum metric. It is a sequence space. - C[a,b] is the space of continuous real-valued functions on the interval [a,b] with the maximum metric. It is a function space. - The discrete metric space (X,d) assigns a distance of 0 if x=y and 1 if x≠y. It is used for examples.

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    1.1 Metric Space

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    shahzeb khan
    23 views2 pages
    1. The document defines several metric spaces: - l" is the space of bounded sequences of complex numbers with the supremum metric. It is a sequence space. - C[a,b] is the space of continuous real-valued functions on the interval [a,b] with the maximum metric. It is a function space. - The discrete metric space (X,d) assigns a distance of 0 if x=y and 1 if x≠y. It is used for examples.

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    1. The document defines several metric spaces: - l" is the space of bounded sequences of complex numbers with the supremum metric. It is a sequence space. - C[a,b] is the space of continuous real-valued functions on the interval [a,b] with the maximum metric. It is a function space. - The discrete metric space (X,d) assigns a distance of 0 if x=y and 1 if x≠y. It is used for examples.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views2 pages

    1.1 Metric Space

    Uploaded by

    shahzeb khan
    1. The document defines several metric spaces: - l" is the space of bounded sequences of complex numbers with the supremum metric. It is a sequence space. - C[a,b] is the space of continuous real-valued functions on the interval [a,b] with the maximum metric. It is a function space. - The discrete metric space (X,d) assigns a distance of 0 if x=y and 1 if x≠y. It is used for examples.

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    1.

    1 Metric Space 7
    As a set X we take the set of all bounded sequences of complex
    numbers; that is, every element of X is a complex sequence
    briefly
    such that for all j = 1, 2, ... we have
    where c" is a real number which may depend on x, but does not
    depend on j. We choose the metric defined by
    (9) d(x, y) = sup I~j - Tljl
    jEN

    where y = (Tlj) E X and N = {1, 2, ... }, and sup denotes the supremum
    (least upper bound).5 The metric space thus obtained is generally
    denoted by ["'. (This somewhat strange notation will be motivated by
    1.2-3 in the next section.) ['" is a sequence space because each element
    of X (each point of X) is a sequence.
    1.1-7 Function space C[a, b]. As a set X we take the set of all
    real-valued functions x, y, ... which are functions of an independeIit
    real variable t and are defined and continuous on a given closed interval
    J = [a, b]. Choosing the metric defined by
    (10) d(x, y) = max Ix(t) - y(t)l,
    tEJ
    where max denotes the maximum, we obtain a metric space which is
    denoted by C[ a, b]. (The letter C suggests "continuous.") This is a
    function space because every point of C[a, b] is a function.
    The reader should realize the great difference between calculus,
    where one ordinarily considers a single function or a few functions at a
    time, and the present approach where a function becomes merely a
    single point in a large space.
    5The reader may wish to look at the review of sup and inf given in A1.6; cf.
    Appendix 1.
    H Metric Spaces
    1.1-8 Discrete metric space. We take any set X and on it the
    so-called discrete metric for X, defined by
    d(x, x) = 0, d(x,y)=1 (x;6 y).

    This space ex, d) is called a discrete metric space. It rarely occurs in


    applications. However, we shall use it in examples for illustrating
    certain concepts (and traps for the unwary). •
    From 1.1-1 we see that a metric is defined in terms of axioms, and
    we want to mention that axiomatic definitions are nowadays used in
    many branches of mathematics. Their usefulness was generally recognized
    after the publication of Hilbert's work about the foundations of
    geometry, and it is interesting to note that an investigation of one of
    the oldest and simplest parts of mathematics had one of the most
    important impacts on modem mathematics.
    Problems
    1. Show that the real line is a metric space.
    2. Does d (x, y) = (x - y)2 define a metric on the set of all real numbers?
    3. Show that d(x, y) = Jlx - y I defines a metric on the set of all real
    numbers.
    4. Find all metrics on a set X consisting of two points. Consisting of one
    point.
    5. Let d be a metric on X. Determine all constants k such that (i) kd,
    (ii) d + k is a metric on X.
    6. Show that d in 1.1-6 satisfies the triangle inequality.
    7. If A is the subspace of tOO consisting of all sequences of zeros and ones,
    what is the induced metric on A?
    8. Show that another metric d on the set X in 1.1-7 is defined by
    d(x, y) = f1x(t)- y(t)1 dt.
    9. Show that d in 1.1-8 is a metric.

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