HES 006 (Anatomy & Physiology - Lecture)

STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET BS NURSING / FIRST YEAR

Session # 1

LESSON TITLE:​ ​THE HUMAN ORGANISM (Part 1) Materials:

LEARNING TARGETS: Book, pen and notebook
Upon completion of this lesson, you can:

1. Identify the classroom rules and regulations;

2. Define anatomy and physiology with the significance of
structural and functional organization of human body;
3. Enumerate the eleven organ systems and define their vital Reference:
role in human body;
4. List and define characteristics of life; and, VanPutte, C., Regan, J., & Russo, A. (2019).
5. Explain homeostasis and the mechanisms involved in the Seeley’s essentials of anatomy & physiology
human body. (10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

SUBJECT ORIENTATION ​(10 minutes)

Your classroom instructor for this subject,​ Anatomy and Physiology – Lecture​, is ____________________________.
(You write in this area the vital policies, rules & regulations to be noted in this class. You may also refer to the Course
Outline to be distributed by your instructor.)

MAIN LESSON ​(50 minutes)

You must read & study the concepts and refer to figures/tables in Chapter 1 of the book.

Anatomy​ – the study of the structures of the body

Physiology​ – the study of the processes and functions of the body.

6 Levels of Organization for Human Body

1. Chemical​ – involves how atoms interact and combine into molecules

2. Cell​ – basic structural and functional units of organisms
3. Tissue​ – a group of similar cells and the material surrounding them
4. Organ​ – composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions
5. Organ​ ​System​ – a group of organs classified as a unit because of a common function or set of functions
6. Organism​ – a complex of organ systems that are mutually dependent upon one another

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11 Organ Systems of Human Body

System Function Some Organs

Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands,
1. Integumentary
water loss, helps produce vitamin D sweat glands
Provides protection and support, allows body
bones, associated cartilages,
2. Skeletal movements, produces blood cells, stores mineral and
ligaments, joints
adipose tissue
Produces body movements, maintains posture, muscles attached to the skeleton by
3. Muscular
produces body heat tendons
Major regulatory system that detects sensations and
brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory
4. Nervous controls movements, physiological processes,
receptors
intellectual functions
Major regulatory system that influences metabolism, endocrine glands, such as pituitary,
5. Endocrine
growth, reproduction that secrete hormones
Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and
6. Cardiovascular hormones throughout the body, plays a role in the heart, blood vessels, and blood
immune response and regulation of body temperature
Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph,
lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and
7. Lymphatic combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance,
other lymphatic organs
absorbs dietary fats from digestive tract
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the
8. Respiratory lungs and respiratory passages
blood and air, regulates blood pH
Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of mouth, esophagus, stomach,
9. Digestive
digestion, absorption of nutrients, elimination of wastes intestines, and accessory organs
Removes waste products from the blood and regulates
10. Urinary kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters
blood pH, ion balance, water balance
Produces oocytes for females and sperm cells for males
female (ovaries, uterus, vagina)
11. Reproductive for reproduction and hormones that influence sexual
male (testes, ducts, penis)
functions and behaviors

6 Essential Characteristics of Life

1. Organization​ – refers to a specific relationship of the many individual parts of an organism.

2. Metabolism​ – the ability to use energy to perform vital functions, such as growth, movement, and reproduction.
3. Responsiveness – the ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make the adjustments
that help maintain its life.
4. Growth​ – refers to an increase in size of all or part of the organism
5. Development​ – includes the changes an organism undergoes through time
6. Reproduction​ – the formation of new cells or new organisms.

Homeostasis – the condition in which body functions, body fluids, and other factors of the internal environment are
maintained within a range of values suitable to support life.

● Negative Feedback Mechanism – regulates most systems of the body; occurs when any deviation from the set
point is made smaller or is resisted
● Positive Feedback Mechanism​ – occurs when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING ​(25 minutes)

You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. One (1) point will be given to the
correct answer and another one (1) point for the correct ratio. Superimpositions or erasures in your answer/ratio is not
allowed. You are given 25 minutes for this activity.

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Multiple Choice:

1. Which of the following activities does NOT represent an anatomical study:

a. making a section through the heart to observe its interior
b. examining the surface of a bone
c. viewing muscle tissue through a microscope
d. studying how the nerves conduct electrical impulses
e. observing the parts of a reproducing cell
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. Which of the following components of the control system is responsible for detecting any change and motor the value
of variables?
a. Control Center c. Effector
b. Stimulus d. Receptor
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. All are considered negative feedback mechanism, except:

a. Body temperature regulation c. Increase in blood pressure
b. Uterine contractions during delivery d. Doing exercises
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
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4. Which basic approach to study anatomy is taken in the vast majority of medical and dentals schools?
a. Regional Anatomy c. Surface Anatomy
b. Systemic Anatomy d. Anatomical Imaging
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
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5. As a student nurse, you understand that it is important to study how the human body works because:
a. it is fixed and unchanging.
b. it provides a way to understand how the body maintains external conditions.
c. it can predict the responses that the body can do in every stimulus.
d. it has a wide range of values to maintain homeostasis.
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
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6. Differentiation in an organism depicts a change in cell structure and function from generalize to specialized. This
process is involved in:
a. Growth and development c. Growth
b. Metabolism d. Development
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
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7. The mechanism of homeostasis is mainly governed by:
a. Cardiovascular and nervous system c. Endocrine and urinary system
b. Nervous and endocrine system d. Urinary and respiratory system
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
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8. During summer, Pepper and her friends would go on a trip and hike at noon. As a student nurse, Pepper knows that
her body would compensate with the change in core temperature. All of the following are expected, except:
a. The hypothalamus stimulates the blood vessels in the skin to constrict.
b. The sweat glands produce sweat.
c. The blood vessels send more blood to the body’s surface.
d. All the aforementioned statements are correct.
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
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9. Disruption in normal functioning of cells may result in death. One possible cause of disruption is occurrence of
disease.
a. The first statement is correct. The second statement is wrong.
b. The first statement is wrong. The second statement is correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct.
d. Both of the statements are wrong.
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
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10. There are four primary types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. To be able to perform its
function, each system is composed of only one specific type of tissue.
a. The first statement is correct. The second statement is wrong.
b. The first statement is wrong. The second statement is correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct.
d. Both of the statements are wrong.
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
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RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY ​(THIS WILL BE DONE DURING THE FACE TO FACE INTERACTION)
The instructor will now rationalize the answers. You can now ask questions and debate among yourselves. Write the
correct answer and correct/additional ratio in the space provided.
1. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
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4. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
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5. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
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6. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
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7. ANSWER: ________
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8. ANSWER: ________
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9. ANSWER: ________
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10. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
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LESSON WRAP-UP ​(5 minutes)

You will now mark ​(encircle)​ the session you have finished today in the tracker below. This is simply a visual to help you
track how much work you have accomplished and how much work there is left to do.

You are done with the session! Let’s track your progress.

AL Activity:​ ​CAT: MUDDIEST POINT

This technique will help you determine which key points were missed in the main lesson. You will respond to only one
question:

In today’s session, what was least clear to you?

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(For the next session, review the remaining topics in Chapter 1 of the book.)

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