Reading and Writing

Quarter 3 – Module 1:
Patterns of Written Text
Reading and Writing Skills – Senior High School
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Patterns of Written Text
First Edition, 2020

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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
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Published by the Department of Education – Region XI

Regional Director: Allan G. Farnazo
Assistant Regional Director: Maria Ines C. Asuncion

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Aissa P. Duping
Editors: Melchora O. Dumbase and Dareen Loiuse Guisehan
Reviewers: Divilyn M. Rodriguez, Crispina S. Ebdao, Christopher U. Gonzales
Ana Lorma A. Dahiroc
Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz
Management Team:
Allan G. Farnazo Reynante A. Solitario
Mary Jeanne B. Aldeguer Janwario E. Yamota
Analiza C. Almazan Djhoane C. Aguilar
Manuel P. Vallejo Ma. Perpetua Angelita G. Suelto

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Panabo City Division

Office Address: City Hall Drive, Bgy. JP Laurel, Km. 31

Panabo City, Davao del Norte

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E-mail Address: [email protected]

Reading and Writing
Quarter 3 – Module 1:
Patterns of Written Text
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities
in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of
the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience
meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant
competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn
In this module, you will learn the different patterns of written texts across
disciplines. Written texts refer to any piece of written language such as stories,
instructions, comic strips, factual writings, and even texts messages! Knowing how
written texts are developed through rhetorical patterns will help you construct
meaning by understanding that a text might present a main idea and details, a cause
and then its effects, or different views of a topic. Lastly, learning to recognize common
text structures can help you improve your writing and comprehension.

Going through this module, you are expected to compare and contrast
different patterns of written texts (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3) including:
a. narration (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.1)
b. description (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.2)
c. definition (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.3)
d. exemplification / classification (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.4)
e. comparison and contrast (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.5)
f. cause and effect (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.6)
g. problem - solution (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.7)
h. persuasion (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.8)

Let Us Try
Activity 1. Look Back!
Written texts follow certain writing patterns or even combinations of the
different writing patterns. Let us review what you know about them. Try to match
the different texts you commonly encounter in the first column to their appropriate
descriptions in the second column. Write your answers in a sheet of paper. Please
make use of the same notebook as answer sheets all throughout this module.

printed advertisement a. tells a story

________1.
of a product
b. describes
________2. taxonomy
c. categorizes items that are similar
________3. dictionary
and different
d. provides meaning
________4. movie review
e. result caused by another factor
________5. life hacks
f. convinces one to accept or
________6. global warming believe in an idea or to do an
action
g. provides solutions
________7. fairytales

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 Good job! Now you have an idea that written texts are
developed for specific purposes! They narrate, define, describe,
provide solutions, explain, or classify. Now move along to the
next activity!

Read along!
Yes, you can!

Let Us Study 1

Learners like you need to notice traits of an object in order to develop the
language you need to explain your thinking. Noticing details and being observant of
patterns are especially helpful. The distinct patterns on the animals, for example,
allows people to recognize them; thus, remembering information about them
spontaneously.

Patterns give a sense of order. Understanding and being able to identify

recurring patterns allows you to make educated guesses, assumptions, and
hypothesis as well as aid in developing important skills of critical thinking and logic.

In learning the English language, for example, you know that verbs follow a
certain pattern like adding -d or -ed when referring to actions already completed in
the past e.g. love – loved, dance – danced, talk – talked. Or plural nouns are formed
by adding -s such as boy – boys, star – stars, book – books; Also, when forming
sentences, you follow sentence patterns like Subject–Verb (Students learn), Subject–
Verb–Object (Everyone notices the sign), Subject-Linking Verb–Complement (The
children heard noises). Knowing and practicing these patterns allow you to express
ideas correctly and automatically.

Similarly, patterns are also important in writing. They serve as your guide on
how to outline ideas and present them in an organized and purposeful manner.
Patterns of developing a paragraph help you sort out information, shape your writing
and enhance understanding of written texts in various disciplines.

Here are the commonly used patterns of written texts:

1. Narration
Narration is a kind of writing that presents a story. It tells fictional and non-
fictional events. Non-fictional writing includes personal narratives, biographies and
autobiographies. Fictional writing examples are short stories, myths, legends, and
novels.
Narration includes elements of storytelling such as plot, character, setting,
point of view and theme. When telling a story, it is usually done in chronological
manner. Moreover, the details of narration relate to the main point in a narrative
paragraph.

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 Some signal words for narration are before, meanwhile, afterward, at the
same time, to begin with, subsequently, and previously.

What is your favorite story? Why do you like it?

2. Description
Description is common in writing. Its purpose is to create mental images
among the readers. It requires careful attention to details because it involves showing
and not telling. The main idea of a descriptive paragraph is to provide an impression
about a subject. All sentences work together to present a single, clear picture of a
person, place, thing, event or idea using sensory details.
Descriptive writing makes use of devices called figures of speech. The following
are commonly used figures of speech.
1. Simile is comparison of two unlike objects using the words such as “like”
or “as”.
Ex. Her eyes are as bright as the stars.
2. Metaphor indirectly compares things that are different but share common
qualities.
Ex. China is a sleeping giant.
3. Metonymy is using a part of an idea to refer to an object.
Ex. John is the head of the family.
4. Personification is giving life to inanimate objects.
Ex. The cold breeze kissed my skin.
5. Irony is using praise when in fact the opposite is meant.
Ex. You are so beautiful! You look like a Christmas tree!
6. Hyperbole is an exaggeration to add impact to an expression.
Ex. She cried a river of tears.
7. Oxymoron is contradictory terms or words.
Ex. What a bittersweet experience!
8. Anti-thesis is opposite statements constructed in parallel structure.
Ex. Two things in life I have enough: good advice and bad example.

Signal words commonly used in descriptive writing include describe, feature,

part, characteristics, for instance, such as, and to illustrate.

3. Definition
Definition paragraph is a definition sentence developed into a paragraph
where it becomes an extended explanation of the topic. There are several ways to
define a word or term.
1. Formal or Denotative Definition is a type of definition that states the
category or genus in which the object belongs to then discusses the specific
features that differs it from other members of its class.
Example: Psychology is the science that deals with the study of behavior
of man and animals.
2. Informal or Connotative Definition is a type of definition that shows the
broad and other associations made with the word.
Example: Love is an island of emotions surrounded by an ocean of
expenses.
3. Etymological Definition is a type of definition that provides the origin of
the word.
Example: Philosophy comes from two Greek words “philos” which means
love and “sophia” which means wisdom.

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 4. Theoretical Definition is a type of definition that presents an explanation
or illustration of the meaning of the word.
Example: Wisdom is the ability to apply knowledge to a situation. When a
person is faced with problems, one has wisdom if he can make wise
decision based on his knowledge and experiences.

4. Exemplification
Exemplification is a pattern of development in writing that provides vivid and
specific examples to add more information that will support and solidify the main
statement. Also, it makes the general statement specific and easy to understand.
Exemplification is usually introduced by the expressions: for example, for
instance, such as, and take the case of. Verbs which are used in this connection
include: illustrate, clarify, and elucidate.

Example:
1. Waste material, such as old rags, cotton waste, paper, etc. should be
moved from the serving area.
“old rags”, “cotton waste”, and “paper” are examples of waste materials.
2. Many proverbs exhibit special proverbial structures which no normal
grammar would describe as complete grammatical sentences. We find for
instance: Like father, like son, Better late than never.
“Like father, like son” and “Better late than never” are examples of proverbs
which have a ‘special proverbial structure’.

5. Classification
In writing classification, you divide members of a group of people, places, or
things that share similar characteristics. The brain works in an order. It is natural
that when presented with various concepts, an individual organizes them in proper
groupings. In short, classification is dividing things and putting them in groups
according to their category.
Some useful expressions for classification paragraphs are the following: a
kind of, a type of, be divided into, falls under, belongs to, a part of, fits into,
grouped with, related to, and associated with.

Example:

A farmer who decides to concentrate on viable products can choose

from four general types of plants: edible, ornamental, raw-material, or shade.
Edible plants include grains like rice and corn, fruits like santol and mango,
vegetables such as pechay or cabbage, or spices like pepper. On the other
hand, ornamentals are all kinds of flowering and non-flowering plants used
for decoration and landscaping. There are also plants that provide raw
materials for other products. Examples of these types are rubber, palm, abaca,
maguey, and ramie. The coconut may also belong to this type although the
fruit is edible. The last are shade trees, grown primarily to reforest barren
areas of mountains. However, some of them are used as ornamentals. Ipil-ipil
and narra are the most common shade trees. All these types of plants can be
grown profitably, depending upon the soil and climate found in the area.
https://www.slideshare.net/GelBagsik/paragraph-development-by-classification

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 How is the topic classified?

6. Comparison and Contrast

In making a comparison, similarities are emphasized. In making a contrast,
differences are pointed out. This technique in developing a paragraph either
compares features between two or more persons, objects or concepts that are similar,
or contrasts features that are different. A paragraph can be developed by using
comparison and contrast or by using either one.

There are two ways to organize comparison and contrast:

Block arrangement
 Discusses one subject before discussing another subject. This is used
when you want to elaborate more on the similarities of the two subjects.
Use a lot of compare cue words such as like, similar to, also, etc.

Point-by-point arrangement
 Discusses only the similarities first then more on the differences after. This
arrangement emphasized more on the differences using cue words like
differs, unlike, and on the other hand.

Example Paragraph 1:

Faith can be compared to swimming; If you struggle, you will sink; If

you rest, you will float. When you pray, don’t beg or struggle, simply rest and
believe in Him. That is how faith works.
Notice how faith is compared to swimming. Does it make the word ‘faith’
more understandable?

Example Paragraph 2:
Cows vs. Whales
You may automatically assume that cows and whales do not share
anything in common, however they do. One of the ways that they are similar
is that both cows and whales are considered a food source. It seems that cows
and whales are in the same situation in terms of they are both eaten by
humans, but there are also some major differences. First, many cows are
slaughtered everyday. On the other hand, whales are now protected by a
national law. Secondly, cows are considered to be a normal source of food in
many places all over the world. However, whales are important edible animals
only in a few countries. Finally, the biggest difference between cows and
whales is that whales are free in the huge ocean until caught by people, and
cows are raised in fields to be slaughtered for food (Castigador, 2012).
In what ways are cows and whales similar? How do they differ?

7. Cause and Effect

This pattern of development establishes a relationship between events. This
type of text also uses chronological pattern; giving importance to time and order.
Cause refers to why an action or condition took place while effect refers to the result
of the cause. Usually, the cause comes first, bringing about an effect or multiple
effects. But in some instances, it can be inverted. The effects are discussed first
before the cause/s. For example, John is late because he stayed up late to finish his

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homework. This sentence uses connective word because which serves as a link
between the effect and the cause in an inverted cause-and-effect pattern.

Example Paragraph:
Like other modern inventions, computers have a capacity for use and
abuse, a potential for good and bad. Computers allow people to fly safely and
quickly across continents, but they also make it possible to send missiles from
one country to another. Computers can speed credit cards to us and help us
use them with ease, but they can also be used to compile records that invade
a citizen’s privacy. Computers serve as electronic tutors; pocket-size electronic
calculators can solve complicated problems with amazing speed. However, the
students who start early to rely on calculators may see their own math abilities
remain underdeveloped. The same computers that help administrators and
accounts can ruin a student’s class schedule or bill the wrong person for a
thousand dollars’ worth of merchandise.

What are the effects of using of computers?

8. Problem-Solution
This pattern of writing presents the problems and solutions to the problems.
There are two ways to structure this kind of writing. First, is the block structure
where all the problems are listed. Then the solutions are given. Another is the chain
structure where the problem/s is given followed by the solution/s.

Example Paragraph:
The problem of drug abuse is rising in many countries. Billions of dollars
are spent internationally preventing drug use, treating addicts, and fighting drug-
related crime. Although drugs threaten many societies, their effects can be
combated successfully. Drug abuse causes multiple problems for countries and
communities. The medical and psychological effects are very obvious. Addicts
cannot function as normal members of society. They neglect or abuse their
families, and eventually require expensive treatment or hospitalization. The
second effect is on crime. Huge police resources are needed to fight smuggling
and dealing. However, the menace of drugs can be fought. Education is the first
battle. Children need to be told at home and in school about drugs. People need
to be made aware of the effects so that they can maybe avoid the problem. A
second approach is to increase police manpower and powers to stop dealers and
to enforce the law. However, the main target should be the user. Families and
counselors need to talk to people at risk. Jobs are also needed to give ex-addicts
a new, positive role in society. In conclusion, although the problem of drugs may
seem impossible to eliminate, there are concrete steps that can be taken to
weaken the hold of drugs on society.
https://slideplayer.com/slide/4891989/

What are the problems brought by drug abuse? How are these problems
solved?

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9. Persuasion
Persuasive writing is also argumentative writing. In presenting an argument,
the goal is to persuade readers to agree with you. The argument has to be supported
by sound reasoning and solid evidences such as facts, statistics, statements from
experts, or even personal experiences. In persuasion, you make use of logical,
emotional and ethical appeals to convince.

Example Paragraph:

We shouldn’t have homework. It takes away from family time. You have
to do homework instead of playing a family board game or playing catch. You
can’t go outside to play so you will get fat. If you bring it home, you will rush
through it so you can play video games. We should do our work at school
because we have better equipment there. We should also do it at school
because we can’t ask our teacher questions when we do it at home. It’s hard
to concentrate when you could be outside playing on a sunny day.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/124693483408552351/

Do you agree with the argument of the writer? How did the writer
persuade the reader to agree with the argument?

Let Us Practice
Activity 2. Look Up!
Comprehension Check! How well do you understand the lesson? Read each
item and select the correct answer. Write only the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
________1. It refers to any piece of written language such as stories, instructions,
comic strips, factual writings, and even texts messages
a. spoken text b. written text c. images
________2. Understanding and being able to identify recurring ___________allows
you to make educated guesses, assumptions, and hypothesis as well
as aid in developing important skills of critical thinking and logic.
a. shapes b. lines c. patterns
________3. Public schools should require students to wear uniforms because
they save parents money, deemphasize fashion, and create school
spirit. What type of text development is the statement?
a. problem-solution b. description c. cause and effect
________4. Community service activities develop social and emotional skills of
students while academic classes develop intellectual skills. What
type of text development is the statement?
a. comparison b. contrast c. example
________5. Which signal word expresses chronological order?
a. last b. however c. such
________6. The kitchen table is rectangular. Made of a two-inch-thick piece of
oak, its top is covered with a cloth patterned in dark red and blue
squares against a white background. What type of text development
is the statement?
a. narration b. description c. definition

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 ________7. It is the element of narration that tells the time and location of the
story.
a. plot b. climax c. setting
________8. Complete the sentence with the correct signal word/s:
Food labels provide important information. _____________, the label
on Rich Harvest Sweet Dark Whole Grain bread states that one slice
has 120 calories.
a. However b. For example c. In conclusion
________9. A first date can end up being categorized as successful, a clingy, a
boastful or awkward. What type of text development is the statement?
a. cause and effect b. exemplification c. classification
_______10. Which is not a correct signal word/s for the sentence:
At the approach of danger, many birds utter warning calls: this is
_______ of animals communicating with each other.
a. a case in point b.an example c. overall

Let Us Practice More

Activity 3. Look Within!
Now you have taken a grasp of the patterns of written texts, let’s re-examine
what you have learned so far. Compare and contrast the different patterns of
paragraph development by completing the chart below. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

Pattern of Paragraph Description / Structure / Signal Words

Development Purpose Used
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Let Us Remember
Writing is a complex process. No one is born a writer! Becoming a good writer
takes time and a lot of practice. But with the knowledge of writing patterns, you can
organize your ideas and present them in a manner that is best suited to explain or
elaborate your topic. Remember that before you start writing you should also know
your purpose so you can put your composition in a proper form. Do you want to
explain a concept? Do you want to tell a story? Or convince someone to agree with
your point of view? Whatever you want to do, you must be familiar with the patterns
of written texts.

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 Narration simply tells a story to prove your main point. Description is used to
stimulate mental images using sensory impressions. Definition provides meaning. A
word can be defined formally, informally, theoretically or by referring to its etymology.
Exemplification provides illustration to support the main topic. Classification groups
people, things, ideas and concepts according to their category. Comparison and
contrast features the similarities and differences of two or more subjects. Cause and
effect establishes relationships between events. Problem-solution presents problems
and corresponding solutions. Lastly, persuasion shows an argument to which you
want a reader to believe or act upon.

Activity 4. Look Again!

Let’s assess what you have learned so far. Match the patterns of paragraph
development in column A with their corresponding description in Column B. Write
only the letter of the correct answer in a sheet of paper.

Patterns of Written Texts

1. ______ narration a. convincing

2. ______ definition b. differences
3. ______ description c. tells a story
4. ______ exemplification d. something happens as a result of
something else
5. ______ classification e. similarities
6. ______ comparison f. resolving
7. ______ contrast g. categorize same items
8. ______ problem-solving h. provides meaning
9. ______ cause and effect i. gives examples
10. ______ Persuasion j. presents mental images

Let Us Assess
Activity 5. Look Further!

How far have you understood? Let’s assess your understanding. Identify the
pattern of writing development used in the following paragraphs. Write your answers
in your notebook.

________1. Flashfloods have victimized thousands of Filipinos. This phenomenon has

been due to the denudation of the forests, garbage that are thrown anywhere, and
the clogging of the drainage system. Somehow, the basic cause of flash floods is the
fact that Filipinos do not know how to manage their garbage (Castigador, 2012).

________2. Men can be categorized by the way they treat women while dating into
three groups: a social addict, a content lover, or a keeper. The first type, a social
addict, is the type of man who is constantly late and everything is on his time. Social
addicts are particularly self-absorbed. For your birthday this type of dater will give

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you a gift such as a necklace, so that everybody can notice it. When it comes down
to emotions and feelings, a social addict will say whatever he assumes you want to
hear at any given moment. The second type of dater, a content lover, is a guy who
will come and go as he pleases. These men just seem to be in attendance but not
involved. When he is with you, he will not open up and share his thoughts. A content
lover will forget your birthday all together. Lastly there is the keeper who will not
keep you waiting; in fact, he always plans ahead and involves you in the decision
making. To them, your birthday is tremendously important. They will give you time
for your friends and family; in addition, they always make unique plans for the two
of you later that evening. Unlike the other types of daters, the keeper will attempt to
be 100% in touch with their feelings towards you and are willing to talk about them.
Men’s dating styles differ; nonetheless, it all comes down to what behavior you are
in the mood for. https://repository.dinus.ac.id/docs/ajar/classification_upload.pdf

________3. The Filipino is as pliant as the bamboo. Like the bamboo, the Filipino is
characterized by flexibility, endurance, and harmony with nature. As the bamboo
bends with the wind and survives a storm, the Filipino chooses to adapt to fate rather
than resist it. The Filipino mind is pliant: it is open to new ideas; it is constantly
searching for wisdom. But unlike the bamboo, his heart can be hardened with hatred
and can seek revenge when betrayed. Although the Filipino can stand adversity, his
resilience is tested when freedom and liberty are at stake (King, 2002).

_________. One day in the times when the sky was close to the ground, a spinster
went out to pound rice. Before she began her work, she took off the beads from
around her neck and the comb from her hair, and hung them on the sky, which at
that time looked like coral rock.

Then she began working, and each time that she raised her pestle into the air
it struck the sky. For some time she pounded the rice, and then she raised the pestle
so high that it struck the sky very hard.

Immediately the sky began to rise, and it went up so far that she lost her
ornaments. Never did they come down, for the comb became the moon and the beads
are the stars that are scattered about.
http://getwokebooklist.com/sacredtexts/asia/pft/pft34.htm

_________5. Distillation is a process by which a liquid is evaporated and condensed.

The liquids can be heated to force components which have different boiling points
into the gas phase. The gas is then condensed back into liquid for and collected.
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-distillation-601964

_________6. Obesity is caused by many factors. Common reasons that lead to obesity
are poor eating habits, slow metabolism, lack of exercise and hereditary influence.
Poor eating habit is the lack of consumption of healthy foods that are high in fiber,
vitamins, and minerals. Slow metabolism is burning fewer calories when at rest. Lack
of exercise is not getting enough physical activity. Lastly, hereditary influence is the
traits and properties that are passed by parents to their child. All of these factors
lead to obesity.

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__________7. Obesity is one major problems faced by older women. This is a growing
concern especially for aging women whose metabolism slows down and physical
activity is lessened. To solve this dilemma, women are advised to have healthy eating
habits and to increase physical activity.

__________8. Sunset is the time of the day when the sky turns bright orange, pink
and even purple. The heavens swirl in the soft glow of the afternoon light as the sun
moves lazily towards the horizon. The earth and sky part with this phenomenon. The
moon on the other side begins to become clearer reflecting the land below and the
space beyond. As the sun sets, everything seems to slow down taking in the calm,
cold breeze of the coming night.

__________9. Homework is an important part of the learning process in school. It

provides additional practice, time for longer assignments and review. Since classes
are too short for adequate practice, homework allows students to do independent
practice. Compositions, reports, and special projects are done in varying speeds so
bringing them home gives students adequate time to concentrate and complete them.
Finally, doing homework is an opportunity for students to review old and new
materials especially preparing for exams thereby a big help in improving grades.
These are why homework should not be taken out of the school system.

__________10. Although they do not consider it cheating, students simply copy what
they see over the internet. In truth, plagiarism is a common form of cheating.
Plagiarism is copying someone’s work and acknowledging it as one’s own. Students
often copy verbatim, cutting and pasting without proper acknowledgment. In some
instance, they copy the work of their classmates. These examples may seem ordinary,
day-to day school happenings but in truth, these are forms of cheating.

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 Let Us Enhance
Good job for reaching this far! Now that you have a firm grasp on how written
texts can be developed, it is time to enhance your writing skill. Now, let us put your
added knowledge about the patterns of written texts. If you are to write something,
what will it be? Think of your experiences during this pandemic. Think of what
ideas and information you can write to help our world become a better place.
Write a composition showcasing one pattern of writing. Refer to rubric below for your
guide. You may use bond paper for this activity.

RUBRIC FOR GRADING WRITING COMPOSITION

Category Excellent - 10 pts. Satisfactory - 7 pts. Less Satisfactory - 5 pts.
Writing is neat,
Includes 2 -3 of the
Appearance organized and Only shows one item
items listed
readable
Appropriate, good
coverage, valid Includes 2-3 of the
Content Only shows one item
information and items listed
understandable
No spelling, Minimal spelling,
Shows more than 5
Mechanics punctuation or punctuation or
errors
grammatical error grammatical error

Let Us Reflect
Reflect on what you have learned and what you have accomplished. Complete
the charts below.

Things I learned Things I did well Things I can still

in this module in this module improve through
are are this module are

________________ ________________ ____________________

________________ ________________ ____________________
________________ ________________ ____________________
________________ ________________ ____________________
________________ ________________ ____________________
________________ ________________ ____________________
________________ ________________
________ ________

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Activity 5 Activity 4 Activity 2. Activity 1.
1. cause and effect 1. c 1. b 1. b
2. classification 2. h 2. c 2. c
3. comparison and 3. j 3. c 3. d
contrast 4. i 4. b 4. f
4. narration 5. g 5. a 5. g
5. definition 6. e 6. b 6. e
6. cause and effect 7. b 7. c 7. a
7. problem-solution 8. f 8. b
8. description 9. d 9. c
9. persuasion 10. a 10. c
10. exemplification
Answer Key
 References

Castigador, Adlai C., Expository Writing: Wholistic Writing in the Discipline.

2012. Philippines

Classification Text. Accessed October, 2020

https://repository.dinus.ac.id/docs/ajar/classification_upload.pdf

Cook, Mabel. “Philippine Folk Stories.” How the Moon and the Stars Came to
be. Accessed October 6, 2020
http://getwokebooklist.com/sacredtexts/asia/pft/pft34.htm

Gabelo, Nerissa D., et. Al., Academic Writing: Writing Across Disciplines,
Maxcore Publishing House, Inc., Malabon City, 2010.

Helmenstine, Anne Marie. “What Is Distillation? Chemistry Definition.”

Accessed October 6, 2020
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-distillation-601964

King, Jenny, Success in Writing School Papers. World Link Books, 2002.

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Department of Education – Region XI

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