Completing An Analogy

Quarter 1 - Module 1 - Week 1

CHRISTINE ARLYN A. LAURIE

(SUPPORT MATERIAL FOR INDEPENDENT LEARNING ENGAGEMENT)

A Joint Project of
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DIPOLOG CITY
and the
DIPOLOG CITY GOVERNMENT
English-Grade 7
Support Material for Independent Learning Engagement
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Completing An Analogy
First Edition, 2020

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Christine Arlyn A. Laurie
Editor: Luz D. Cortez
Josephine M. Cuenca
Ermelyn M. Yap
Reviewers: Elma S. Quimpo
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Dr. Virgilio P. Batan, Jr. - Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Jay S. Montealto, – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Amelinda D. Montero, DM – CID Chief
Nur N. Hussien -Chief , SGOD
Ronillo S. Yarag, Ed.D. – EPSpvr- LRMS
Leo Martinno O. Alejo – PDO II, LRMS
Printed in the Philippines by the
Department of Education – Region IX- Dipolog City Schools Division
Office Address: Purok Farmers, Olingan, Dipolog City
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English
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Completing An Analogy

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at
[email protected]. ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.
Introductory Message
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from
public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
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needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

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need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
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tasks included in the module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it and have fun!
 What I Need to Know

This module is designed to help you master the skills in analysing relationship of
words. By completing this module, you will develop the skills necessary to tackle each type
of analogy completion questions. You will also improve your vocabulary and your process of
elimination skills.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define analogy;
2. analyze relationships presented in analogies; and
3. supply other word or expression that completes the analogy

What I Know

Complete the Analogy

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Decide the relationship between the first two words in each analogy. Then complete the
analogy with one of the words in parentheses. Choose the letter of the best answer.

Example: wrong : right : : sky : _______________ (toy, fly, earth)

Answer: wrong : right : : sky : earth

1. begin : end : : open : ___________________

A. reach
B. unlock
C. close
D. near
2. angry : calm : : clean : ___________________
A. neat
B. lost
C. safe
D. dirty
3. pen : write : : knife : ___________________
A. sharpen
B. sip
C. compose
D. cut

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4. find : found : : mind : ____________________
A. minded
B. mind
C. mound
D. brain
5. nose : face : : elbow : ___________________
A. arm
B. wrist
C. knee
D. leg

Lesson Word Analogy

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Analogy plays a significant role in problem solving, as well as decision making,

argumentation, perception, generalization, memory, creativity, invention, prediction, emotion,
explanation, conceptualization and communication.

Analogies are such an important skill for students to master. Many standardized tests
use analogies to check for vocabulary mastery.

People often wonder about the effectiveness of analogies. What do they teach? How
do they work? Why are they so useful? What makes analogies so effective is their ability to
get students to think critically. In order to answer an analogy question correctly , the student
has to form a logical relationship, or "bridge" between two words. They must think about how
the words are related. Since words represent particulars (not universals), there is a nearly
infinite number of ways they might be related.

Analogies are useful in different subject areas to enhance learning of key concepts.
This makes them useful for assessment, but they can also be used as an effective learning
strategy as well. As students create incorrect analogies, analyse the relationships th eir
analogies are suggesting, and then correct them accordingly, students are grappling with
ideas, monitoring and revising their thinking, and otherwise actively consider the often
complex relationships between disparate things.

Here are some of the instructional benefits of this strategy:

 develops understanding of the nature of various kinds of relationships;
 helps students identify and analyze relationships;
 develops and refines students’ understanding of the specific vocabulary and
concepts that are used in analogies;
 develops critical thinking abilities in students.

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 What’s In

Analogy Defined

Analogy basically means ‘‘resemblance of one object to another in certain aspects.’’

It is a way of stating a comparative relationship between two sets of terms.

What’s New

An analogy is often represented as follows: A : B :: C : D.

A and B (of the first set) are related to each other in the same way that
C and D (of the second set) are related to each other.

In this lesson, an analogy question consists of words related to each other based on some
logic and it is required to find a word/pair of words analogous to those given in the question.

To solve these questions, following two simple steps are to be followed

Step I
Identify the relationship between the pair of numbers/letters/words given.

Step II
Find out the other pair such that the relationship between the third and the fourth
numbers/letters/words is similar to the relationship that exists between the first and second
numbers/letters/words.

Now, it is clear that analogy is established, when the two pairs on both the sides of the sign
(::) bear the same relationship.

For example: kitten : cat :: puppy : dog

The colons stand for words, so that when you read it aloud, the analogy says:

Kitten is to cat as puppy is to dog.

In this case, the relationship described is between the young and adult animals. The two
animals being compared are cats and dogs.

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Take a look at the analogies below to see if you can figure out how the words are related to
each other. This will help you understand the comparison that is being made.
 moon : night :: sun : day  kitchen : cooking : bedroom :
 feather : bird :: fur : dog sleeping
 hot : oven :: cold : refrigerator  apple : fruit :: carrot : vegetable
 ski: snow :: raft : river  football : field :: tennis : court
 smile: frown :: pretty : ugly  near : far :: open : closed
 cow : mammal :: snake : reptile  umpire : baseball :: referee :
 pencil : write :: scissors : cut soccer

What is It

When completing word analogies, begin by determining the relationship between

the first word pair. Then look at the first word in the second word pair, and choose the word
that has the same relationship to it as the first two words have to each other. Some other
types of relationships include class to item (fish: trout) and part to whole (door: house).

Here are some relationships that form the basis of many analogies:

Analogy Types & Analogy Examples

Nature of Relationship Examples

1. Synonymous Relationship Abandon : Leave
‘Abandon’ means almost the same as ‘Leave’.
This type of relationship is established between Hence,
the two words, when they convey the same ‘Abandon’ is a synonym of ‘Leave’.
meaning.
Dwelling : Abode
Vacant : Empty
House : Home
2. Antonymous Relationship Kind : Cruel
‘Kind’ means the opposite of ‘Cruel’. Hence,
This type of relationship is established between ‘Kind’ and ‘Cruel’ have antonymous relationship.
the two words, when they are opposite in
meaning. Meet : Avoid
Never : Always
Chaos : Peace
3. Individual and Group Relationship Cattle : Herd
A group of ‘Cattle’ is called ‘Herd’.
When one word of the pair is the collective group
of another word of the pair, then it is called Termites : Colony
individual and group relationship. Pupils : Class
Players : Team
Flowers : Bouquet
Musicians : Band

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4. Worker and Product Relationship Author : Book
An author writes a book. It means ‘Book’ is the
When one word of the pair represents the product of
working professionals and the other word of the ‘Author’.
pair represents their final product, then it is calle d
worker and product relationship. Poet : Poem
Producer : Film
Tailor : Clothes
Chef : Food
Carpenter : Furniture
5. Worker and Tool Relationship Chef : Knife
‘Knife’ is a tool used by ‘Chef’.
When one word of the pair represents the
working professionals and the other word of the Surgeon : Scalpel
pair is the tool used for their working, then it is Tailor : Needle
called worker and tool relationship. Labourer : Spade
Author : Pen
Soldier : Gun
Farmer : Plough
6. Product and Raw Material Relationship Furniture : Wood
‘Furniture’ is made of ‘Wood’.
When one word of the pair represents the raw
material used for the formation of the product Book : Paper
given in the other word of the pair, then it is called Paper : Pulp
product and raw material relationship. Road : Asphalt
Shoes : Leather
Cloth : Fibre
Furniture : Wood
7. Part and Whole Relationship Computer : Hard Disk
‘Hard Disk’ is a part of ‘Computer’.
When one word of the pair represents a single
part of the whole object given in other word of the Fan : Blade
pair, then it is called part and whole relationship. Bicycle : Pedal
Cart : Wheel
Pen : Nib
Circle : Arc
Class : Student
House : Room
8. Worker and Working Place Relationship Clerk : Office
A ‘Clerk’ works in an ‘Office’.
When one word of the pair represents the
working professional and the other word of the Warrior : Battle field
pair their working place, then it is called worker Teacher : School
and working place relationship. Doctor : Hospital
Farmer : Field

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9. Tool and Action Relationship Gun : Shoot
Spoon : Feed
When one word of the pair represents the tool Knife : Cut
and the other word of the pair gives its A ‘Knife’ is used for ‘Cutting’.
function/action, then it is called tool and action
relationship. Axe : Grind
Shovel : Scoop
Binocular : View
10. Pair Relationship Lock : Key
‘Lock’ and ‘Key’ make pair.
When the two words form a genuine pair, then it
is called a pair relationship. Question : Answer
Pencil : Eraser
Shoes : Socks
11. Study and Topic Relationship Pathology : Diseases
‘Pathology’ is the study of ‘Diseases’.
When one word of the pair gives the branch of
study and the other word gives the topic of study Botany : Plants
of that branch, then it is called study and topic Astrology : Planets
relationship. Cardiology : Heart
Physiology : Body
12. Animal and Movement Relationship Donkey : Trot
‘Trot’ is the name given to the movement of the
When one word of the pair gives the animal name ‘Donkey’.
and other word of the pair represents its
movement, then it is called animal and movement Rabbit : Leap
relationship. Mouse : Scamper
Horse : Gallop
Lion : Prowl
13. Animal/Thing and Sound Relationship Elephant : Trumpet
Trumpet’ is the sound produced by ‘elephant’.
When one word of the pair represents the sound
produced by the animal/thing given in the other Lion : Roar
word of the pair, then it is called animal/thing and Donkey : Bray
sound relationship. Rain : Patter
14. Individual and Dwelling Place Relationship Mouse : Hole
A ‘Mouse’ lives in a ‘Hole’.
When one word of the pair represents the
dwelling place of the individuals given in the other Nun : Convent
word of the pair, then it is called individual and Peasant : Cottage
dwelling place relationship. Soldier : Barracks
15. Games and Playing Place Relationship Cricket : Pitch
‘Cricket’ is played on the ‘Pitch’.
When one word of the pair represents the place
for playing the game given in the other word of Skating : Rink
the pair, then it is called games and playing place Boxing : Ring
relationship. Badminton : Court

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16. Male and Female Relationship Man : Woman
‘Man’ is the male while ‘Woman’ is the female.
When two words of the pair represents male and
female gender of each other, then it is called Horse : Mare
male and female relationship. Bull : Cow
Bullock : Heifer
Cock : Hen
17. Animal and Young One Relationship Frog : Tadpole
‘Tadpole’ is the young one of ‘Frog’.
When one word of the pair represents the name
given to the young ones of the animals given in Cat : Kitten
other word of the pair, then it is called animal and Dog : Puppy
young one relationship. Deer : Fawn
Duck : Duckling
Verbal Reasoning: Analogy. Retrieved from:
https://www.123test.com/verbal -reasoning-test-analogies/

What’s More

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Activity 1.1
Choose the best word that will complete the analogy.
1. good : bad :: black : __________
A. color B. white C. evil D. sad
2. dwelling : abode : : endless : _________
A. eternal B. measurable C. final D. beginning
3. warrior : sword : : tailor : _________
A. chisel B. paint C. needle D. stethoscope
4. soldier : barracks : : teacher : _________
A. bank B. school C. hospital D. gym
5. cock : hen : : lion : _________
A. mare B. cub C. lioness D. chicken

Activity 1.2
Identify the nature of relationship/ analogies present in the pairs of word.

A B
1. left is to right as horizontal is to vertical A. Worker and Tool Relationship
2. poet is to poem as chef is to food B. Antonymous Relationship
3. butcher is to knife as hairdresser is to scissors C. Part and Whole Relationship
4. nun is to convent as teacher is to school D. Worker and Working Place
Relationship
5. class is to student as house is to room E. Synonymous Relationship
F. Worker and Product Relationship

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 What I Have Learned

1. A word analogy draws a relationship between two words by comparing them to two other
words.
2. Analogies are such an important skill for students to master. Many standardized tests use
analogies to check for vocabulary mastery.

3. When you write, it is important to understand how words are related. A word analogy
shows how word pairs are related. Once you determine how the two words are related, you
find the same relationship among the pairs in the answer choices.

4. There are different types of analogies.

5. To answer an analogy question you must:

recognize the relationship between the words in the given word pair;
select the answer containing words related to one another in most nearly the same way;
recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships.

6. Approaches that may be helpful in answering analogy questions:

 try to determine the precise relationship between the words in the given pair;
 form a sentence that captures the relationship between the two words;
 then look for the answer choice containing the word pair whose relationship is closest
to that of the given pair and can be expressed in a similar fashion.

What I Can Do

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Complete the table below. Provide an analogy for each nature of relationship.
Nature of Relationship Examples
1. Synonymous Relationship
2. Antonymous Relationship
3. Individual and Group Relationship
4. Worker and Product Relationship
5. Worker and Tool Relationship
6. Product and Raw Material Relationship
7. Part and Whole Relationship
8. Worker and Working Place Relationship
9. Tool and Action Relationship
10. Pair Relationship
11. Study and Topic Relationship
12.Animal and Movement Relationship

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13. Animal/Thing and Sound Relationship
14. Individual and Dwelling Place Relationship
15. Games and Playing Place Relationship
16. Male and Female Relationship
17. Animal and Young One Relationship

Assessment

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Identify the relationship between the first pair of words given below. From the four choices,
choose the pair of words that has the same relationship as the original pair of words.

1. chef : knife : : ____ : ____ 6. abduct : kidnap : : ____ : ____

A. computer : hard disk A. meet : avoid

B. famous : renowned B. always : never
C. sink : drown C. affirm : deny
D. warrior : sword D. endless : eternal

2. Botany : plants : : ____ : ____ 7. create : destroy : : ____ : ____

A. horse : grass A. never : always

B. Zoology : animals B. assign : a lot
C. Cardiology : Physiology C. house : home
D. rabbit : leap D. enormous : huge

3. scientist : laboratory : : ____ : ____ 8. class : student : : ____ : ____

A. beautician : parlor A. dramatist : play

B. court : lawyer B. book : chapter
C. theater : artist C. producer : film
D. factory : worker D. tailor : clothes

4. question : answer : : ____ : ____ 9. gun : shoot : : ____ : ____

A. pen : write A. pencil : eraser

B. shoes : socks B. cut : knife
C. binocular : view C. pen : write
D. table : sit D. sew : needle

5. king : palace : : ____ : ____ 10. skating : rink : : ____ : ____

A. eskimo : igloo A. boxing : ring

B. barracks : soldier B. arena : wrestling
C. cock : hen C. court : tennis
D. nephew : niece D. boxing : gloves

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 Additional Activities

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Choose the pair of words that best express a relationship similar to that of the original pair.
Then write the bridge sentence.

1. LIAR : HONEST
Bridge Sentence:
A. lawyer : mercy Someone who is a liar lacks honesty.
B. mother : children Someone who is a _____ lacks _____.
C. fool : wisdom
D. soldier : power

2. DOWNPOUR : RAIN
Bridge Sentence:
A. wave : water A downpour is a heavy rain.
B. tornado : clouds A _____ is a heavy _____.
C. blizzard : snow
D. desert : heat

3. DEMOCRACY : GOVERNMENT
Bridge Sentence:
A. master : slave A democracy is a type of government.
B. storm : blizzard A _____ is a type of _____.
C. sonnet : poem
D. tribe : family

4. COWARDLY : BRAVE
Bridge Sentence:
A. numerous : many Cowardly is the opposite of brave.
B. foolish : wise _____ is the opposite of _____.
C. awful : dreadful
D. anxious : nervous

5. CONCLUSION : ESSAY
Bridge Sentence:
A. theme : song A conclusion is part of an essay.
B. meal : dessert
A _____ is part of a _____.
C. parade : party
D. scene : play

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 Answer Key

5. C
4. D
3. A
A 10. 2. F
C 9. 1. B
B 8. Activity 1.2
A 7.
5. D D 6. 5. C
B 4. A 5. 4. B 5. A
C 3. B 4. 3. C A 4.
C 2. A 3. 2. A D 3.
C 1. B 2. 1. B D 2.
D 1. (Answers vary) Activity 1.1 C 1.
Activities
Additional Assessm ent What I Can Do What’s More What I Know

References
Verbal Reasoning: Analogy. Retrieved from:
https://www.123test.com/verbal-reasoning-test-analogies/

https://elearning.shisu.edu.cn/pluginfile.php/36509/mod_res ource/content/1/ANA LOGIES. pdf

https://www.mansfieldschool.com/cms/lib07/ NJ01000046/ Centricity/Domain/20/analogies%2

03-11.pdf

http://www.panpipes.net/languagearts/worksheets/writing/ analogies.pdf

http://www.eduplace.com/rdg/ hme/ vocab/7/unit14.pdf

https://www.images-na.ssl-
image/amazon.com/images/G/31/img15/books/tiles /9351765105_Reasoning_Verbal.p

JPEG image (.jpg). Retrieved from:

http://www.clipartpanda.com/clipart_images/analogies -70937007

JPEG image (.jpg). Retrieved from:

https://clipartlook.com/img-20053.html

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