PR1 - Module 2

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CHARACTERISTICS,

PROCESSES, AND
ETHICS OF RESEARCH
• describes characteristics,
processes, and ethics of
research(CS_RS11-IIIa-3)
• differentiates quantitative
from qualitative research
(CS_RS11-IIIa-4)
1. Based on the article, how will you define ethics in research?
2. Are the Tuskegee syphilis study and diethylstilboestrol study on
pregnant women unethical? Why?
Characteristics of Research
Characteristics of Research

5. Critical- Research exhibits careful


and precise judgment.
Characteristics of Research

7. Replicability- The research design


and procedures are replicated or
repeated to enable the researcher to
arrive at valid and conclusive results.
• Intellectual Curiosity
• Prudence
• Healthy Criticism
• Intelectual Honesty
• Intellectual Creativity

The researchers must now learn more
about the topic they are investigating. This
not only provides important background
information abut the issue they are
researching, but also tells them what other
studies have already been conducted, how
they were designed and what those studies
found.
The Research Design refers to the overall
strategy that you choose to integrate the
different components of the study in a
coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring
you will effectively address the research
problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the
collection, measurement and analysis of
data.
Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis,
data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions,
grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of
research.

Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity;


strive for consistency of thought and action.
Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and
critically examine your own work and your peers. Keep
good records of research activities.

Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be open to


criticism and new ideas.

Honor patents, copyrights and other forms of intellectual


property. Do not use unpublished data, methods, or
results without permission. Give credit where credit is due.
Never plagiarize.
Protect confidential communications, such as papers or
grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade
or military secrets, and patient records.

Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not


to advance just your own career. Avoid wasteful and
duplicative publication.

Help to educate, mentor, and advise students.


Strive to promote social good and prevent or mitigate
social norms through research, public education and
advocacy.

Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not


to advance just your own career. Avoid wasteful and
duplicative publication.

Help to educate, mentor, and advise students.


Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the
basis of sex, race, ethnicity or other factors that are
related to their scientific competence and integrity.

Maintain and improve your own professional competence


and expertise through lifelong education and learning;
take steps to promote competence in science as a whole.

Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and


governmental policies.
Show proper respect and care for animals when using
them in research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly
designed animal experiments.

When conducting research on human subjects, minimize


harms and risks and maximize benefits. Respect human
dignity, privacy, and autonomy.

Source: What is Ethics in Research & Why Is it Important? US National Institute of


Environmental Health Sciences
Identify the statement that describes plagiarism

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