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    W5 3-Poiseulle Flow

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    boris
    The document discusses laminar flow in pipes, including conditions for laminar flow analysis, velocity profiles in pipes, and equations relating pressure drop, shear stress, and volumetric flow rate. It derives the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow through circular pipes and discusses when the analysis applies.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    W5 3-Poiseulle Flow

    Uploaded by

    boris
    11 views12 pages
    The document discusses laminar flow in pipes, including conditions for laminar flow analysis, velocity profiles in pipes, and equations relating pressure drop, shear stress, and volumetric flow rate. It derives the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow through circular pipes and discusses when the analysis applies.

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    The document discusses laminar flow in pipes, including conditions for laminar flow analysis, velocity profiles in pipes, and equations relating pressure drop, shear stress, and volumetric flow rate. It derives the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow through circular pipes and discusses when the analysis applies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views12 pages

    W5 3-Poiseulle Flow

    Uploaded by

    boris
    The document discusses laminar flow in pipes, including conditions for laminar flow analysis, velocity profiles in pipes, and equations relating pressure drop, shear stress, and volumetric flow rate. It derives the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow through circular pipes and discusses when the analysis applies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    MECH0005 Fluids

    Poiseulle Flow
    Conditions for a laminar flow analysis

    These are low Reynolds number flows (< 2000)

    In practice, that usually means high viscosity fluids


    or very narrow pipes/orifices. But speed and
    density matter as well.
    Laminar flow in pipes
    What is the velocity at
    different radii in the pipe?

    We have circular symmetry, and a no-slip boundary


    condition. Flow is being driven by a pressure difference
    between the two ends of the tube.

    Note that the velocity and the pressure gradient vector point in opposite directions,
    because fluid flows from high to low pressure.
    Laminar flow in pipes
    We will assume that the flow is fully developed, i.e.
    that the velocity profile is constant along the pipe axis.

    Consider one cylinder of fluid, with an edge at constant


    radius r. The total pipe radius is R.

    R
    r

    There is a pressure difference between the two ends of the tube.


    The total pressure difference is DP over a length L of tube.
    Laminar flow in pipes
    The total resultant force parallel to the tube axis
    must be force multiplied by area: F×A

    Force = DP ´ p r 2
    dP
    Force = Lp r 2
    dx

    The force provided by the pressure difference must be equal to the shear
    stress on the outside of the cylinder, since forces are balanced:

    Force = t ´ 2p r ´ L
    Laminar flow in pipes

    Equate these forces:

    dP
    Lp r 2 = t ´ 2 p r ´ L
    dx
    r dP
    t=
    2 dx

    We can relate the shear stress at the cylinder surface to the velocity
    change with radius there:
    du
    t =m
    dr
    Laminar flow in pipes
    du r dP
    t =m =
    dr 2 dx

    du r dP
    =
    dr 2m dx
    Now we can integrate to get u:

    r dP
    u= ò 2m dx dr
    1 dP
    u=
    2m dx
    ò r dr

    1 dP 1 2
    u= ´ r +k
    2m dx 2
    Laminar flow in pipes
    Apply the no-slip boundary condition:
    u(R)=0

    1 dP 1 2
    u= ´ r +k
    2m dx 2

    1 dP 1 2 -1 dP
    0= ´ R +k Þ k = ´ R2
    2m dx 2 4m dx

    -1 dP 2 2
    So we arrive at the final answer: u=
    4m dx
    ( R -r )
    Laminar flow in pipes
    How can we use this?
    -1 dP 2 2
    1. The maximum speed is at u=
    4m dx
    ( R -r )
    the centre of the pipe,
    where r=0, so
    -1 dP 2
    umax = R
    4m dx

    2. We know the flow speed Q= ò u(r).2p r. dr


    with radius, so we can 0
    R
    -1 dP 2 2
    integrate this to find the
    total volume flow:
    Q= ò 4m dx
    (R - r ).2p r..dr
    0
    Laminar flow in pipes

    3. The average flow speed is the total Q


    umean = 2
    volume flow rate divided by the cross- pr
    sectional area:

    Laminar flow through pipes of circular cross-


    section is often called Hagan-Poiseulle flow
    When does this analysis apply?

    1. Viscosity must be constant throughout the fluid.


    2. Flow must be steady
    3. End-effects must be negligible

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