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    AOSC 634 Air Sampling and Analysis Flow Through A Cylinder

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    Anonymous d5B3G5ai
    This document discusses laminar flow of gases through cylindrical pipes. It presents Poiseuille's equation, which relates the volumetric flow rate of a gas to the pressure drop along the pipe, the pipe length and radius, and the gas viscosity. The flow is laminar for Reynolds numbers below 2300. Poiseuille's equation indicates that for a given pressure drop and pipe length, doubling the pipe radius will quadruple the flow rate. An example application of the equation to calculate the pressure drop for a given flow rate, pipe dimensions and fluid is also presented.

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    AOSC 634 Air Sampling and Analysis Flow Through A Cylinder

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous d5B3G5ai
    40 views4 pages
    This document discusses laminar flow of gases through cylindrical pipes. It presents Poiseuille's equation, which relates the volumetric flow rate of a gas to the pressure drop along the pipe, the pipe length and radius, and the gas viscosity. The flow is laminar for Reynolds numbers below 2300. Poiseuille's equation indicates that for a given pressure drop and pipe length, doubling the pipe radius will quadruple the flow rate. An example application of the equation to calculate the pressure drop for a given flow rate, pipe dimensions and fluid is also presented.

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    634 Pipes

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    This document discusses laminar flow of gases through cylindrical pipes. It presents Poiseuille's equation, which relates the volumetric flow rate of a gas to the pressure drop along the pipe, the pipe length and radius, and the gas viscosity. The flow is laminar for Reynolds numbers below 2300. Poiseuille's equation indicates that for a given pressure drop and pipe length, doubling the pipe radius will quadruple the flow rate. An example application of the equation to calculate the pressure drop for a given flow rate, pipe dimensions and fluid is also presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    40 views4 pages

    AOSC 634 Air Sampling and Analysis Flow Through A Cylinder

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous d5B3G5ai
    This document discusses laminar flow of gases through cylindrical pipes. It presents Poiseuille's equation, which relates the volumetric flow rate of a gas to the pressure drop along the pipe, the pipe length and radius, and the gas viscosity. The flow is laminar for Reynolds numbers below 2300. Poiseuille's equation indicates that for a given pressure drop and pipe length, doubling the pipe radius will quadruple the flow rate. An example application of the equation to calculate the pressure drop for a given flow rate, pipe dimensions and fluid is also presented.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    AOSC 634 Air Sampling and Analysis

    Flow Through a Cylinder

    When predicting or regulating the flow, F, of a gas in a system, it is important to know the
    relationship among flow, pressure, and dimensions of tubing. For a cylindrical,
    horizontal pipe (or tube or capillary) the flow, up to some critical velocity, will be
    "Laminar" and follow certain laws. In Laminar flow, the fluid moves in parallel layers,
    each with a constant velocity, but with a velocity relative to its neighbors.

    F = f (P, x, R)

    We can quantify the flow in terms of the unitless "Renold's Number," Re

    U  2R
    Re =

    Where

    U = horizontal velocity in cm/s

    R = radius of tube in cm

    ν = the viscosity in "poise" (cm2 s-1)

    The critical Renold's number for a pipe is about 2300; above this value the flow becomes
    turbulent, and much less predictable. For a steady laminar flow in a horizontal cylinder,
    the fluid velocity will describe a parabola along the tube diameter.

    Laminar Re ≤ 2300 < Re Turbulent

    1 P 2
    U (r, x) =  (R  r 2 ) (I)
    4 x

    1
    Where

    r = the distance along the radius in cm

    P
    = derivative of pressure along length of the tube (the x axis)
    x

    Thus the linear velocity (or wind speed) varies with the square of the radius of tube, that
    is, with the area. If the derivative of pressure with length is constant, then for a total
    pressure drop of ∆P and uniform tube of length L:

    P P
    = (II)
    x L

    To determine the volume of air passing through the tube per unit time, consider the
    annular element, 2πr.dr. We must integrate the product of this area and the linear flow,
    U(r) to find the volume flow, F in cm3 s-1.

    R
    dr

    A = 2πr.dr

    R
    Volume Flow = F = 2π 0
    rU ( r ) dr (III)

    From Equation I and II above, we obtain:

    2
    P R 4
    F=
    8 L

    This is Poiseuille's (Pwä zweź) Equation. Note that the volumetric flow varies linearly
    with pressure drop and length of the tube, but with the fourth power of the radius! This
    means that you can cut a capillary tube in half and double the flow for the same pressure
    drop, or if you double the inside diameter of a tube, then for a constant flow the pressure
    drop will be reduced by a factor of 16.
    1
    Fα
    L

    F α R4
    Example:
    For air moving through a cylinder of diameter 1” and length 3” at 10 L/s what will be the
    pressure drop?

    F 8 L
    P =
     R4

     = 183 poise at 18◦C = 1.83E-4 g cm-1s-1 = 1.83 x10-5 Pa s


    F = 10 Ls-1 = 104 cm3 s-1
    L = 3*2.53 cm = 7.62 cm
    R = 0.5” = 1.27 cm

    Check units:
    cm3 s-1 cm Pa s
    ------------------
    cm4

    Ans 1.37 Pa or about 10-5 atm.

    3
    4

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