Gas Detection

TDE0109-0
GAS DETECTION
HAND BOOK
Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 4
2. What is gas? .............................................................................................................................................. 5
2-1. Air composition .................................................................................................................................... 5
2-2. Gas hazards .......................................................................................................................................... 6
3. Combustible Gas Hazards ...................................................................................................................... 7
3-1. Three elements necessary for combustion .................................................................................... 7
3-2. Explosive Limit ..................................................................................................................................... 8
3-3. Combustible vapor .............................................................................................................................. 8
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases ...................................................................................... 10
4. Toxic Gas Hazards .................................................................................................................................. 32
4-1. Toxic gas hazards .............................................................................................................................. 32
4-2. Threshold limit values of toxic gases ............................................................................................. 33
5. Oxygen Deficiency Hazards ................................................................................................................ 39
5-1. Oxygen deficiency ............................................................................................................................. 39
6. Typical Areas That Require Gas Detection...................................................................................... 41
6-1. Gas detector market ......................................................................................................................... 41
7. Gas detection technologies ................................................................................................................. 45
7-1. RIKEN Gas sensor technologies ...................................................................................................... 45
7-2. Catalytic Combustion Method .......................................................................................................... 46
7-3. New Ceramic Catalytic Method ....................................................................................................... 47
7-4. Semi-Conductor Method ................................................................................................................... 48
7-5. Hot Wire Type Semi-Conductor Method ........................................................................................ 49
7-6. Thermal Conductivity Method ......................................................................................................... 50
7-7. Potentiostatic Electrolysis Method ................................................................................................. 51
7-8. Membrane-Separated Electrode Method ....................................................................................... 52
7-9. Membrane Type Galvanic Cell Method ........................................................................................... 53
7-10. Non-Dispersive Infrared Method................................................................................................... 54
7-11. Interferometer Method ................................................................................................................... 55
7-12. Chemical Tape Method ................................................................................................................... 56
7-13. Photo-Ionization Detector .............................................................................................................. 57
7-14. Pyrolysis-Particle Detection Method ............................................................................................. 58
8. Selecting Gas Detectors ....................................................................................................................... 59
8-1. Gas detector selection ...................................................................................................................... 59
9. Fixed Gas Detectors............................................................................................................................... 61
9-1. Explosion-proof Gas Detector Head ............................................................................................... 61
9-2. Non-Explosion-proof Gas Detector Head ....................................................................................... 65
9-3. Indicator/alarm unit .......................................................................................................................... 67
10. Portable Gas Detectors ...................................................................................................................... 69
10-1. Multi Gas Detector (Multi-sensor) ................................................................................................ 69
10-2. Single Gas Detector (Single-sensor) ............................................................................................ 72
11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors ........................................................................ 75
-2-
11-1. Applications in Automotive Market ............................................................................................... 75
11-2. Applications in Steel Market .......................................................................................................... 81
11-3. Applications in Fumigation Market ............................................................................................... 85
11-4. Applications in Pharmaceutical Market ........................................................................................ 89
11-5. Applications in Food Product ......................................................................................................... 94
11-6. Applications at Universities and Research Institutions ........................................................... 102
11-7. Applications in Gas Market........................................................................................................... 108
11-8. Applications in Electric Power Market ........................................................................................ 112
11-9. Applications in Paper Manufacturing Market ............................................................................ 122
11-10. Applications in Oil and Fossil Fuel Market ............................................................................... 127
12. Standards and Certification ............................................................................................................ 134
12-1. ATEX ................................................................................................................................................ 134
12-2. IECEx ............................................................................................................................................... 135
13. Product Ingress Protection Rating ............................................................................................... 137
14. Maintenance ....................................................................................................................................... 139
-3-
1. Introduction
2-1. Air composition
1. Introduction
The Riken Keiki Gas Detection Handbook is a reference guide for customers considering
using fixed or portable gas detectors. It provides both basic and comprehensive
information about gas detection.
Riken Keiki's gas detectors and environmental monitoring devices protect people from
invisible hazards by swiftly detecting combustible and toxic gases that can cause
disasters. Above all, our mission is to create an environment that allows people to work
with peace of mind̶something essential for industrial growth and development.
-4-
2. What is gas?
2. What is gas?

Air consists of approximately 78 % nitrogen, 21 % oxygen, and 1 % other gases (e.g.,
argon and carbon dioxide). Nitrogen, the largest component of air, forms the basis of
proteins made of amino acids and contained in numerous living organisms. Nitrogen is
essential for almost all life on the planet. However, nitrogen is not absorbed directly into
the body from the air. The nitrogen we breathe in is simply expelled when we breathe
out. Essential to life and absorbed directly into our bodies, oxygen accounts for 21 % of
air. Carbon dioxide, which is vital for plant photosynthesis, accounts for less than 1 %.
Animals absorb oxygen and expel carbon dioxide and plants absorb carbon dioxide and
expel oxygen, maintaining a constant balance of the overall air composition and life
processes on the planet.
Major atmospheric constituents
Chemical Percentage by Percentage by
Constituent
formula volume [%] mass [%]
Nitrogen N2 78.084 75.524
Oxygen O2 20.9476 23.139
Argon Ar 0.934 1.288
Carbon dioxide CO2 0.0314 0.0477
Neon Ne 0.001818 0.00127
Helium He 0.000524 0.000072
Krypton Kr 0.000114 0.00033
Xenon Xe 0.0000087 0.000039
Hydrogen H2 0.00005 0.000003
Methane CH4 0.0002 0.0001
Dinitrogen monoxide N2O 0.00005 0.00008
From JIS W 0201-1990 (ISO 2533-1975)
-5-
2. What is gas?
2-2. Gas hazards
2-2. Gas hazards

Broadly speaking, gas hazards fall into the following three categories:
① Combustible gases
Gases that have an explosive range (combustible range)
when mixed with air.
The GHS* refers to substances in a gaseous state at
standard atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa) and 20 °C.
* GHS: Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of

Chemicals
② Toxic gases
Gases that impair human biological function
Toxic gases are regulated based on threshold
values set to safeguard against harmful health
effects for workers exposed to such substances at
the work site eight hours a day, 40 hours a week.
② Oxygen deficiency
The human body is able to function normally at
atmospheric oxygen concentrations around 21 %.
If oxygen is consumed and its concentrations are
reduced (by metal oxidation or by microorganisms)
or if oxygen is displaced by other gases (e.g., N2
and Ar), effects on the human body become
apparent when concentrations fall below around
18 %. Death becomes a risk between 6 % and
8 %.
-6-
3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-1. Three elements necessary for combustion
3-1. Three elements necessary for combustion

Combustion generally refers to an oxidation reaction (in which substances are
combined with oxygen) involving heat and light.
The combustion of a substance requires three elements: ① a combustible substance;

② a combustion-supporting gas; and ③ an ignition source. Combustion is not possible
if any one of these is missing. To prevent gas combustion, it is vital to regulate and
maintain gas concentrations below the concentration at which it can combust
(assuming the presence of a combustion-supporting gas and an ignition source).
Combustible
substance
Combustible gas or vapor
Combustion
Combustion- Ignition source
supporting gas Spark, temperature
Air, oxygen
Three elements necessary for combustion
-7-
3-2. Explosive Limit
3-2. Explosive Limit

If a combustible gas or vapor from a combustible liquid mixes with air or oxygen, it will
explode in the presence of an ignition source when the concentration is within a specific
range. This concentration range is called the explosive range. The lower concentration
limit is called the lower explosive limit (LEL). The upper concentration limit is called the
upper explosive limit (UEL).
Example: Hydrogen
Explosive range
0 vol% 4 vol% 50 vol% 77 vol% 100 vol%
= Lower explosive limit = Upper explosive limit
= LEL
0 %LEL 50 %LEL 100 %LEL

(0 vol%) (2 vol%) (4 vol%)
The lower explosive limit is a value determined experimentally, but the results obtained
can vary depending on test conditions and methods. Caution is therefore necessary;
the values quoted may vary depending on the reference source.
Gas detectors generally monitor gas concentrations based on the lower explosive limit.
This is because even if a gas is present at concentrations exceeding the upper explosive
limit, if a gas leakage occurs into the atmosphere, the gas will be immediately diluted
and diffuse, bringing concentrations to within the explosive range. The unit %LEL is
frequently used to express a concentration with respect to the lower explosive limit
(100 %LEL).
3-3. Combustible vapor

While both are substances in the gaseous state, gas and vapor generally refer to
different things. Vapor refers to a substance that exists in the liquid (or solid) state at
normal temperature but vaporizes into the gas phase from the liquid phase under
certain conditions. The following physical properties, based on temperature changes,
determine whether a combustible vapor can become a hazard.
1. Saturated vapor pressure

This refers to the pressure at which a substance at a specific temperature
vaporizes from liquid to gas. The vapor pressure typically increases as temperature
rises. The temperature at which the pressure equals atmospheric pressure (101.3
kPa ≈ 760 mmHg) is called the boiling point. The concentration (concentration by
volume) of gas that vaporizes at a particular temperature can be determined by
calculating the percentage of the vapor pressure with respect to atmospheric
pressure.
-8-
3-3. Combustible vapor
The figure on the right shows
Saturated vapor pressure curves for
saturated vapor pressure curves for ethanol and water
ethanol and water. Since the boiling

point of water is 100 °C, we see that
Vapor pressure [kPa]

the vapor pressure curve indicates Ethanol
100 °C at 101.3 kPa. In other words, Water
the saturated water vapor

concentration at this point is 100 vol%.
Ethanol, on the other hand, is a liquid
more volatile than water (i.e., having a
higher vapor pressure), as is readily
understood by anyone who has been Temperature [°C]
swabbed with sterilizing ethanol before

receiving an injection at the hospital.
In practice, the boiling point of ethanol is 78 °C. This data, too, shows that ethanol
is more volatile than water.
We can calculate the gas concentration of ethanol at a particular temperature
based on the vapor pressure at that temperature. For example, we can read off
from the saturated vapor pressure curve that the vapor pressure at 20 °C is
approximately 5.8 kPa. We can insert this into the following equation to calculate
the gas concentration:
Gas concentration = [Vapor pressure at a particular temperature] ÷
(volume % concentration) (Atmospheric pressure) × 100
= 5.8 (kPa) ÷ 101.3 (kPa) × 100
= 5.7 vol%
This calculation is worth remembering. Even if no vapor pressure curve like the
one above is available, the SDS (safety data sheet) provided by the chemical
manufacturer typically includes vapor pressure data points for normal
temperatures (20 °C to 30 °C). These can be used to calculate gas concentrations.
2. Flash point
The flash point refers to the lowest temperature at which a concentration that allows
ignition is reached when the substance is vaporized and mixed with air. This can also be
interpreted as the temperature at which the combustible vapor reaches the LEL
concentration. If the flash point of a liquid that produces combustible vapor is lower
than the ambient temperature at which the liquid is used, caution is necessary when
assessing the risk of ignition, due to the high risk of combustion and explosion
accidents.
3. Ignition point
This refers to the lowest temperature at which a combustible substance in the air
spontaneously ignites due to an increase in the temperature of the substance itself,
as opposed to ignition due to localized contact with a hot object (e.g., electrical
spark, flame, red-hot metal wire) generally called an ignition source. Manufacturers
of explosion-proof electrical equipment must design and manufacture the equipment
to ensure that the surface temperature of the equipment likely to come into contact
with combustible gas or vapor will not exceed the ignition temperature of the
corresponding gas or vapor.
-9-
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases

The following table shows the three different lower explosive limits of combustible gases:
① ISO 10156, ② IEC 60079-20-1, and ③ the Riken Keiki standard value.
ISO IEC60079-20-1 RIKEN

NO. CAS-No. Name formula
10156 4th ed. LEL(vol%) Standard
Formaldehyde
1 50-00-0 - 7.0 7.0
HCHO
N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl methanediamine
2 51-80-9 - 1.61
(CH3)2NCH2N(CH3)2
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
3 57-14-7 - 2.4
(CH3)2NNH2
1,1´-Oxybisethane
4 60-29-7 1.7 1.7 1.7
(CH3CH2)2O
Benzenamine
5 62-53-3 - 1.2 1.3
C6H5NH2
Ethanol
6 64-17-5 3.1 3.1 3.3
CH3CH2OH
Formic Acid
7 64-18-6 - 18.0 18.0
HCOOH
Acetic acid
8 64-19-7 - 4.0 4.0
CH3COOH
Sulfuric acid diethyl ester
9 64-67-5 - -
(CH3CH2)2SO4
Methanol
10 67-56-1 6.0 6.0 5.5
CH3OH
2-Propanol
11 67-63-0 - 2.0 2.0
(CH3)2CHOH
2-Propanone
12 67-64-1 2.5 2.5 2.15
(CH3)2CO
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
13 68-12-1 - 1.8
HCON(CH3)2
1-Propanol
14 71-23-8 - 2.1 2.1
CH3CH2CH2OH
1-Butanol
15 71-36-3 - 1.4 1.4
CH3(CH2)2CH2OH
1-Pentanol
16 71-41-0 1.06 1.2
CH3(CH2)3CH2OH
Benzene
17 71-43-2 1.2 1.2 1.2
C6H6
Methane
18 74-82-8 4.4 4.4 5.0
CH4
Ethane
19 74-84-0 2.4 2.4 3.0
CH3CH3
Ethene
20 74-85-1 2.4 2.3 2.7
(CH2=CH2
Ethine
21 74-86-2 2.3 2.3 1.5
CH≡CH
Methyl chloride
22 74-87-3 7.6 7.6 8.1
CH3Cl
Methylamine
23 74-89-5 4.9 4.2 4.9
CH3NH2
Hydrocyanic acid
24 74-90-8 5.4 5.4 5.6
HCN
- 10 -
Methanethiol
25 74-93-1 4.1 4.1 3.9
CH3SH
Bromoethane
26 74-96-4 - 6.7
CH3CH2Br
Propane
27 74-98-6 1.7 1.7 2.0
CH3CH2CH3
Propyne
28 74-99-7 1.8 1.7
CH3C≡CH
Chloroethane
29 75-00-3 3.6 3.6 3.6
CH3CH2Cl
Chloroethene
30 75-01-4 3.8 3.6 3.8
CH2=CHCl
Ethylamine
31 75-04-7 3.5 3.5 3.5
C2H5NH2
Acetonitrile
32 75-05-8 - 3.0 3.0
CH3CN
Ethanal
33 75-07-0 4.0 4.0 4.0
CH3CHO
Ethanethiol
34 75-08-1 - 2.8 2.8
CH3CH2SH
Carbon Disulfide
35 75-15-0 0.6 0.6 1.3
CS2
Cyclopropane
36 75-19-4 2.4 2.4
CH2CH2CH2
Oxirane
37 75-21-8 2.6 2.6 3.0
CH2CH2O
2-Methylpropane
38 75-28-5 1.5 1.3 1.8
(CH3)2CHCH3
2-Chloropropane
39 75-29-6 - 2.8 2.8
(CH3)2CHCl
2-Propaneamine
40 75-31-0 - 2.3
(CH3)2CHNH2
1,1-Dichloroethane
41 75-34-3 - 5.6
CH3CHCl2
1,1-Dichloroethene
42 75-35-4 (= Vinylidene Chloride) - 6.5 5.6
CH2=CCl2
Acetyl chloride
43 75-36-5 - 5.0
CH3COCl
1,1-Difluoroethene
44 75-38-7 4.7 3.9 2.3
CH2=CF2
Trimethylamine
45 75-50-3 2.0 2.0 2.0
(CH3)3N
Nitromethane
46 75-52-5 - 7.3
CH3NO2
2-Methyloxirane
47 75-56-9 1.9 1.9 2.8
CH3CHCH2O
2,2-Dimethylbutane
48 75-83-2 (= Neohexan) 1.2 1.0
(CH3)3CCH2CH3
2-Methylbutan-2-ol
49 75-85-4 - 1.4
CH3CH2C(OH)(CH3)2
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-propionitrile
50 75-86-5 - 2.2 2.2
CH3 C(OH)CNCH3
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol
51 75-89-8 - 8.4 5.5
CF3CH2OH
- 11 -
2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoropropan-1-ol
52 76-37-9 - - 4.8
HCF2CF2CH2OH
3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-4,7-methano-1H-
indene
53 77-73-6 (= Dicyclopentadiene) - 0.8 1.0
(= Cyclopentadiene dimer)
C10H12
Sulfuric acid dimethyl ester
54 77-78-1 (= Dimethyl sulfate) - -
(CH3O)2SO2
Tetraethoxy Silane
(= Silicic acid tetraethyl ester)
55 78-10-4 (= Tetraethyl silicate) - 0.45 1.4
(= Silicon tetraethoxide)
(C2H5)4Si
2-Methylbutane
(= Ethyl dimethyl methane)
56 78-78-4 1.3 1.3 1.3
(= Isopentane)
(CH3)2CHCH2CH3
2-Methyl-1-buten-3-yne
57 78-80-8 - 1.4
HC≡CC(CH3)CH2
2-Methylpropan-1-amine
58 78-81-9 (= iso-Butylamine) - 1.47
(CH3)2CHCH2NH2
2-Methyl-1-propanol
(= iso-Butanol)
59 78-83-1 (= iso-Propylcarbinol) - 1.4 1.7
(= iso-Butyl alcohol)
(CH3)2CHCH2OH
2-Methyl-1-propanal
(= iso-Butanal)
60 78-84-2 - 1.6 1.6
(= iso-Butyraldehyde)
(CH3)2CHCHO
2-Chlorobutane
61 78-86-4 (= sec-Butyl chloride) - 2.0
CH3CHClCH2CH3
1,2-Dichloropropane
62 78-87-5 (= Propylene dichloride) - 3.4 3.4
CH3CHClCH2Cl
2-Butanol
(= sec-Butyl alcohol)
(= Butylene hydrate)
63 78-92-2 - 1.7 1.7
(= 2-Hydroxybutane)
(= Methyl ethyl carbinol)
CH3 CHOHCH2 CH3
2-Butanone
(= Ethyl methyl ketone)
64 78-93-3 (= Methyl acetone) 1.5 1.5 1.8
(= Methyl ethyl ketone)
CH3CH2COCH3
Propionic acid
(= Carboxyethane)
65 79-09-4 (= Ethanecarboxylic acid) - 2.1
(= Methyl acetic acid)
CH3CH2COOH
2-Propenoic acid
66 79-10-7 (= Acroleic acid) - 2.4 3.0
(= Ethylenecarboxylic acid)
- 12 -
(= Glacial acrylic acid)
(= Acrylic acid)
CH2=CHCOOH
Acetic acid methyl ester
(= Methyl acetate)
67 79-20-9 (= Ethanoic acid methyl ester) 3.1 3.1 3.1
(= Methyl ethanoate)
CH3COOCH3
Carbonochloridic acid methyl ester
(= Methyl chloroformate)
68 79-22-1 - 7.5 7.5
(= Methoxycarbonyl chloride)
CH3OOCCl
Nitroethane
69 79-24-3 - 3.4
CH3CH2NO2
2,3-Dimethylbutane
70 79-29-8 (= Diisopropyl) - 1.0
(CH3)2CH(CH3)CH2CH3
2-Methylpropanoc acid
(= iso-Butyric acid)
71 79-31-2 - 2.0
(= Dimethylacetic acid)
(CH3)2CHCOOH
Chlorotrifluoroethene
72 79-38-9 (= Chlorotrifluoroethylene) 4.6 4.6 8.4
CF2=CFCl
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid methyl ester
(= Methyl methacrylate)
(= Methacrylate monomer)
73 80-62-6 - 1.7 1.7
(= Methyl ester of methacrylic acid)
(= Methyl-2-methyl-2-propenoate)
CH3=CCH3COOCH3
Naphthalene
(= Tar camphor)
74 91-20-3 - 0.6 at 150°C
(= White tar)
C10H8
1,2-Dimethyl benzene
(= o-Xylene)
75 95-47-6 - 1.0 1.0
(= o-Xyol)
C6H4(CH3)2
Ethanedioic acid diethyl ester
(= Diethyl Oxalate)
76 95-92-1 - -
(= Oxalic acid diethyl ester)
(COOCH2CH3)2
Pentan-3-one
(= Diethyl ketone)
77 96-22-0 (= Metacetone) - 1.6 1.6
(= Propione)
(CH3CH2)2CO
Propenoic acid methyl ester
(= Acrylic acid methyl ester)
(= Methoxycarbonyl ethylene)
78 96-33-3 - 1.95 2.4
(= Methyl propenoate)
(= Methyl Acrylate)
CH2=CHCOOCH3
Methylcyclopentane
79 96-37-7 CH3CH(CH2)3CH2 - 1.0
.
2-Methylpropanoic acid ethyl ester
80 97-62-1 - 1.6
(= Ethyl isobutyrate)
- 13 -
(= Ethyl 2-methylpropanoate)
(CH3)2CHCOOC2H5
2-Methyl-prop-2-enoic acid ethyl ester
(= Methacrylic acid ethyl ester)
81 97-63-2 - 1.5
(= Ethyl methacrylate)
CH2=CCH3COOCH2CH3
2-Methylpropanoic acid 2-methylpropyl ester
82 97-85-8 (= iso-Butyl isobutyrate) - 0.8
(CH3)2CHCOOCH2CH(CH3)2
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid butyl ester
(= Butyl methacrylate)
83 97-88-1 - 1.0 2.0
(= Butyl-2-methylprop-2-enoate)
CH2=C(CH3)COO(CH2)3CH3
2-Ethyl-1-butanol
84 97-95-0 (= Isohexyl alcohol) - 1.2
CH3CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH2OH
Tetrahydro-2-furan methanol)
(= Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol)
(= Tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-methanol)
85 97-99-4 - 1.5
(= Tetrahydro-2-furan carbinol)
(= 2-Hydroxymethyl oxolane)
OCH2CH2CH2CHCH2OH
2-Furylmethanol
(= Furfuryl Alcohol)
86 98-00-0 - 1.8 1.8
(= 2-Hydroxymethylfuran)
OC(CH2OH)CHCHCH
2-Furancarbox aldehyde
(= Fural)
87 98-01-1 (= Furfural) - 2.1
(= 2-Furaldehyde)
OCH=CHCH=CHCHO
(1-Methylethyl) benzene
(= Cumene)
88 98-82-8 (= Isopropyl benzene) - 0.8 0.9
(= 2-Phenyl propane)
C6H5CH (CH3)2
α-Methyl styrene
(= Isopropenyl benzene)
89 98-83-9 (= 1-Methyl-1-phenylethylene) - 0.8 0.9
(= 2-Phenyl propylene)
C6H5C(CH3)=CH2
Nitrobenzene
(= Nitrobenzol)
90 98-95-3 - 1.4 1.8
(= Oil of mirbane)
C6H5NO2
1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)benzene
(= p-Cymene)
91 99-87-6 - 0.7
(= p-isopropyltoluene)
CH3C6H4CH (CH3)2
2-Diethylaminoethanol
(= Diethylaminoethanol)
(= 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol)
92 100-37-8 (= N,N-Diethylethanol amine) - -
(= Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine)
(= 2-Hydroxytriethylamine)
(C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH
- 14 -
4-Ethenylcyclohexene
93 100-40-3 (= Vinyl cyclohexene) - 0.8
(CH2=CH)CH(CH2)4CH2
Ethylbenzene
(= α-Methyltoluene)
94 100-41-4 - 0.8 1.0
(= Phenylethane)
C6H5CH2CH3
Ethenylbenzene
(= Styrene)
(= Vinylbenzene)
95 100-42-5 - 1.0 1.1
(= Phenylethylene)
(= Styrol)
C6H5CH=CH2
4-Vinylpyridine
(= 4-Ethenylpyridine)
96 100-43-6 - 1.1 1.0
(= γ-Vinylpyridine)
NCHCHC(CH2=CH)CHCH
(Chloromethyl)benzene (= Benzyl chloride)
97 100-44-7 (= α-Chlorotoluene) - 1.1
(= Tolyl chloride) C6H5CH2Cl
Benzaldehyde
98 100-52-7 - 1.4
C6H5CHO
2-Vinylpyridine
(= 2-Ethenylpyridine)
99 100-69-6 - 1.2
(= α-Vinylpyridine)
NC(CH2=CH)CHCHCHCH
Acetic acid-2-ethylhexyl ester
100 103-09-3 (= 2-Ethylhexyl acetate) - 0.8
CH3COOCH2CH(C2H5)C4H9
Prop-2-enoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester
(= 2-Ethylhexyl 2-propenoate)
101 103-11-7 - 0.7 0.6
(= 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate)
CH2=CHCOO(CH2)4CH3
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol
102 104-76-7 - 0.9
CH3 (CH2 )3CH(CH2CH3 )CH2OH
3-Oxo-butanoic acid methyl ester
(= Acetoacetic acid methyl ester)
103 105-45-3 (= 1-Methoxybutane-1,3-dione) - 1.3
(= Methyl acetoacetate)
CH3COOCH2COCH3
Acetic acid 1-methylpropyl ester
(= sec-Butyl acetate)
104 105-46-4 (= sec-Butyl ester of acetic acid) - 1.3
(= 1-Methylpropyl acetate)
CH3COOCH(CH3)CH2CH3
Chloroacetic acid-1-methylethyl ester
(= iso-Propyl chloroacetate)
105 105-48-6 - 1.6
(= Propan-2-yl 2-chloroacetate)
ClCH2COOCH(CH3)2
Butanoic acid ethyl ester
(= Ethyl butanoate)
106 105-54-4 (= Ethyl butyrate) - 1.4
(= Butyric acid ethyl ester)
CH3CH2CH2COO CH2CH3
Carbonic acid diethyl ester
107 105-58-8 (= Diethyl carbonate) - 1.4 1.4
(CH3CH2O)2CO
- 15 -
3-Heptanone
108 106-35-4 (= Ethyl butyl ketone) - 1.1
CH3CH2CO[CH2]3CH3
1,4-Dimethyl benzene
(= p-Xylene)
109 106-42-3 - 0.9 1.0
(= p-Xyol)
C6H4(CH3)2
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
110 106-46-7 (= Dichlorocide) - 2.2 2.2
C6H4Cl2
1,4-Dimethylpiperazine
111 106-58-1 - 1.0
NH(CH3)CH2CH2NH(CH3)CH2CH2
(Chloromethyl) oxirane
(= Epichlorohydrin)
112 106-89-8 (= 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) - 2.3 2.3
(= 2-Chloropropylene oxide)
OCH2 CHCH2Cl
[(2-Propenyloxy) methyl] oxirane
(= Allyl 2,3- epoxypropylether)
(= 1-(Allyloxy)-2,3-epoxypropan)
113 106-92-3 - -
(= Glycidyl allyl ether)
(= Allyl glycidyl ether)
CH2=CH-CH2-O-CHCH2CH2O
3-Bromo-1-propine
114 106-96-7 (= Bromo propyne) - 3.0
CH3CH≡CBr
n-Butane
(= Butyl hydride)
115 106-97-8 (= Diethyl) 1.4 1.4 1.5
(= Methylethylmethane)
CH3(CH2)2CH2
1-Butene
(= n-Butylene)
116 106-98-9 1.5 1.6 1.6
(= Ethylethylene)
CH2=CHCH2CH3
1,3-Butadiene
(= Biethylene)
(= Bivinyl)
117 106-99-0 (= Divinyl) 1.4 1.4 1.1
(= Erythrene)
(= Vinylethylene)
CH2=CHCH=CH2
1-Butine
118 107-00-6 (= Ethylacetylene) 1.3 -
CH3CH2C≡CH
2-Propenal (inhibited)
(= Acraldehyde)
(= Acrylaldehyde)
(= Acrylic aldehyde)
119 107-02-8 - 2.8 2.8
(= Allyl aldehyde)
(= Propenal)
(= Acrolein)
CH2=CHCHO
3-Chloro-1-propene
(= Allyl chloride)
120 107-05-1 (= 1-Chloro-2-propene) - 2.9 2.9
(= 3-Chloropropylene)
CH2=CHCH2Cl
- 16 -
1,2-Dichloroethane
(= Ethylene chloride)
121 107-06-2 - 6.2 6.2
(= Ethylene dichloride)
CH2ClCH2Cl
Ethylene chlorohydrin
(= 2-Chloroethanol)
122 107-07-3 - 4.9 4.9
(= 2-Chloroethyl alcohol)
CH2ClCH2OH
1-Propaneamine
123 107-10-8 (= 1-Aminopropane) - 2.0 2.0
CH3(CH2)2NH2
2-Propenenitrile
(= Acrylonitrile)
(= Cyanoethylene)
124 107-13-1 (= Propenenitrile) - 2.8 2.8
(= Acrylonitrile)
(= Vinyl cyanide, VCN)
CH2=CHCN
1,2-Ethanediamine
(= Ethylenediamine)
125 107-15-3 - 2.5 2.7
(= Dimethylenediamine)
NH2CH2CH2NH2
2-Propen-1-ol
(= Allylic alcohol)
(= Propenol)
126 107-18-6 - 2.5 2.5
(= Allyl alcohol)
(= Vinyl carbinol)
CH2=CHCH2OH
2-Propine-1-ol
(= Prop-2-yn-1-ol)
127 107-19-7 - 2.4
(= Propargyl alcohol)
HC≡CCH2OH
Chloroacetaldehyde
128 107-20-0 (= 2-Chloroethanal) - 5.7
ClCH2CHO
Chloromethoxymethane
(= Chloromethyl methyl ether)
(= Chlorodimethyl ether)
129 107-30-2 (= Chloromethoxy methane) - -
(= Dimethylchloroether)
(= Methylchloromethyl ether)
CH3OCH2Cl
Formic acid methyl ester
(= Methyl formate)
130 107-31-3 5.0 5.0 4.5
(= Methyl methanoate)
HCOOCH3
2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol
131 108-01-0 - - 1.5
(CH3)2NC2H4OH
1-Nitropropane
132 108-03-2 - 2.2
CH3CH2CH2NO2
Acetic acid ethenyl ester
(= Vinyl acetate)
133 108-05-4 - 2.6 2.6
(= 1-Acetoxyethylene)
CH3COOCH=CH2
4-Methylpentan-2-one
134 108-10-1 (= Hexone) - 1.2 1.2
(= Isopropylacetone)
- 17 -
(= Methyl isobutyl ketone)
(CH3)2CHCH2COCH3
4-Methylpentan-2-ol
(= Isobutylmethylcarbinol)
135 108-11-2 (= Methyl amyl alcohol) - 1.14 1.0
(= Methyl isobutyl carbinol)
(CH3)2CHCH2CHOHCH3
n-(1-Methylethyl)-2-propanamine
136 108-18-9 (= Diisopropylamine) - 1.2
((CH3)2CH)2NH
2,2´-Oxybispropane
(= Diisopropyl ether)
137 108-20-3 - 1.0 1.4
(= 2-Isopropoxy propane)
((CH3)2CH)2O
Acetic acid-1-methylethyl ester
(= iso-propyl acetate)
(= iso-propyl ester of acetic acid)
138 108-21-4 - 1.7 1.8
(= 1-Methylethyl ester of acetic acid)
(= 2-Propyl acetate)
CH3COOCH(CH3)2
Acetic anhydride
(= Acetic acid anhydride)
(= Acetic oxide)
139 108-24-7 - 2.0 2.0
(= Acetyl oxide)
(= Ethanoic anhydride)
(CH3CO)2O
1,3-Dimethylbenzene
(= m-Xylene)
140 108-38-3 - 1.0 1.0
(= m-Xylol)
C6H4(CH3)2
2,4,6,8-Tetramethyl-1,3,5,7- tetraoxocane
141 108-62-3 (= Metaldehyde) - -
(C2H4O)4
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
142 108-67-8 (= Mesitylene) - 0.8 1.1
CHC(CH3)CHC(CH3)CHC(CH3)
2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-ol
143 108-82-7 (= Diisobutylcarbinol) - 0.7
((CH3)2CHCH2)2CHOH
Methylcyclohexane
144 108-87-2 (= Hexahydrodoluene) - 1.0 1.15
CH3CH(CH2)4CH2
Methyl benzene
(= Toluene)
145 108-88-3 (= Methyl benzol) 1.0 1.0 1.2
(= Phenyl methane)
C6H5CH3
4-Methylpyridine
(= γ-Picoline)
146 108-89-4 - 1.1
NCHCHC(CH3)CHCH2
.
Chlorobenzene
(= Phenyl chloride)
147 108-90-7 - 1.3 1.3
(= Monochlorobenzene)
C6H5Cl
Cyclohexylamine
148 108-91-8 (= Aminocyclohexane) - 1.1
(= Aminohexahydro-benzene)
- 18 -
(= Hexahydroaniline)
(= Hexahydro-benzenamine)
CH2 (CH2)4CHNH2
.
Cyclohexanol
(= Cyclohexyl alcohol)
149 108-93-0 (= Hexahydrophenol) - 1.2 1.2
(= Hexalin)
CH2 (CH2)4CHOH
Cyclohexanone
(= Anone)
150 108-94-1 (= Cyclohexyl ketone) - 1.3 1.1
(= Pimelic ketone)
CH2 (CH2)4CO
Phenol
(= Carbolic acid)
(= Hydroxybenzene)
151 108-95-2 (= Monohydroxybenzene) - 1.3 1.8
(= Monophenol)
(= Oxybenzene)
C6H5OH
3-Methylpyridine
152 108-99-6 (= β-Picoline) - 1.4
NCHC(CH3)CHCHCH
2-Methylpyridine
(= α-Picoline)
153 109-06-8 - 1.2
NC(CH3)CHCHCHCH
.
N,N-Dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine
(= 3-Dimethylamino-propylamine)
154 109-55-7 - 1.2
(= 1-Amino-3-dimethyl-aminopropane)
(CH3)2N(CH2)3NH2
Acetic acid n-propyl ester
(= n-Propyl acetate)
155 109-60-4 (= 1-Acetoxypropane) - 1.7 1.7
(= n-propyl ester acetic acid)
CH3COOCH2CH2CH3
1-Bromobutane
156 109-65-9 (= n-Butyl bromide) - 2.5
CH3(CH2)2 CH2Br
n-Pentane
157 109-66-0 1.1 1.1 1.5
CH3(CH2)3CH3
1-Chlorobutane
(= n-Butyl chloride)
158 109-69-3 - 1.8
(= n-Propylcarbinyl chloride)
CH3(CH2)2CH2Cl
1-Aminobutane
159 109-73-9 (= n-Butylamine) - 1.7 1.7
CH3(CH2)3NH2
1-Butanethiol
(= Butanethiol)
(= n-Butyl mercaptan)
160 109-79-5 - 1.4
(= n-Butanethiol)
(= 1-Mercaptobutane)
CH3(CH2)3SH
2-Methoxyethanol
161 109-86-4 (= Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether) - 1.8 2.5
CH3OCH2CH2OH
- 19 -
Dimethoxymethane
(= Methylal)
(= Dimethyl acetal methanal)
162 109-87-5 (= Dimethyl acetal formaldehyde) - 2.2 2.2
(= Dimethyl formal)
(= 2,4-Dioxapentane)
CH2(OCH3)2
n-Ethylethanamine
(= Diethamine)
163 109-89-7 - 1.7 1.8
(= Diethylamine)
(C2H5)2NH
Formic acid ethyl ester
(= Ethyl methanoate)
164 109-94-4 2.7 2.7
(= Ethyl formate)
HCOOCH2CH3
109-95-5 or Nitrous acid ethyl ester
(8013-58-9) (= Ethyl nitrite ; see 5.2.2)
165 comment: CH3CH2ONO - 3.0
both are
valid
Tetrahydrofuran
(= 1,4-Epoxybutane)
(= Oxolane)
166 109-99-9 - 1.5 2.0
(= Oxacyclopentane)
(= Tetramethylene oxide)
CH2(CH2)2CH2O
Furan
(= Divinylene oxide)
(= Furfuran)
167 110-00-9 (= Tetrole) - 2.3
(= Oxole)
(= Oxacyclopentadiene)
CH=CHCH=CHO
Tetrahydrothiophene
(= Tetramethylene sulphide)
(= Thiolane)
168 110-01-0 - 1.1 1.1
(= Thiophane)
(= Thiocyclopentane)
CH2(CH2)2CH2S
Thiophene
(= Divinylene sulphide)
169 110-02-1 (=Thiacyclopentadiene) - 1.5
(= Thiofuran)
CH=CHCH=CHS
bis(1,1-Dimethylethyl) peroxide
170 110-05-4 (= tert-Dibutyl peroxide) - 0.74
(CH3)3COOC(CH3)3
Heptan-2-one
(= 1-Methylhexanal)
(= 2-Oxoheptane)
171 110-43-0 - 1.1
(= Amyl methyl ketone)
(= Butylacetone)
CH3CO(CH2)4CH3
Hexane (mixed isomers)
110-54-3
172 (= Hexyl hydride) 1.0 1.0 1.2
(n-Hexane)
CH3(CH2)4CH3
1-Pentanal
173 110-62-3 - 1.4
(= Amyl aldehyde)
- 20 -
(= Butyl formal)
(= Valeraldehyde)
CH3 (CH2 )3CHO
1,2-Dimethoxyethane
(= Monoglyme)
(= Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether)
174 110-71-4 - 1.6 1.6
(= Dimethylglycol)
(= 2,5-Dioxahexane)
CH3O(CH2)2OCH3
2-Ethoxyethanol
(= Ethane-1,2-diol ethyl ether)
(= Ethyl cellosolve)
175 110-80-5 (=3-Oxapentan-1-ol) - 1.7 1.8
(= Ethylene glycol ethyl ether)
(= Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether)
CH3CH2OCH2CH2OH
Cyclohexane
(= Hexahydrobenzene)
176 110-82-7 (= Hexamethylene) 1.0 1.0 1.3
(= Hexanaphthene)
CH2(CH2)4CH2
Cyclohexene
(= Benzene tetrahydride)
177 110-83-8 - 1.1 1.2
(= Tetrahydrobenzene)
CH2(CH2)3CH=CH
Pyridine
(= Azine)
178 110-86-1 - 1.7 1.8
(= Azabenzene)
C5H5N
1,3,5-Trioxane
179 110-88-3 (= Trioxymethylene) - 3.2
OCH2OCH2OCH2
Morpholine
(= Diethylene imidoxide)
180 110-91-8 (= Diethylene oximide) - 1.4 2.0
(= Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine)
OCH2CH2NHCH2CH2
2-Methyl-n-(2-methylpropyl)-1- propanamine
181 110-96-3 (= Diisobutylamine) - 0.8
((CH3)2CHCH2)2NH
Acetic acid 2-ethoxy-ethyl ester
(= 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate)
182 111-15-9 (= Ethylene glycol monoethyl etheracetate) - 1.2 1.7
(= Glycol monoethyl ether acetate)
CH3COOCH2CH2OCH2CH3
1-Hexanol
(= Amylcarbinol)
(= Hexyl alcohol)
183 111-27-3 - 1.1 1.3
(= 1-Hydroxyhexane)
(= Pentylcarbinol)
CH3(CH2)4CH3
1,1´-Oxybispropane
(= Dipropylether)
184 111-43-3 - 1.18
(= 1-propoxy-propane)
CH3(CH2)2O
Hexahydro-1H-acepine
185 111-49-9 (= Azepane) - -
CH2 (CH2)5NH
- 21 -
n-Octane
186 111-65-9 0.8 0.8 0.8
CH3(CH2)6CH3
Hexanedinitrile
(= 1,4-Dicyanobutane)
187 111-69-3 (= Adiponitrile) - 1.70
(= Tetramethylene cyanide)
NC(CH2 )4CN
Heptan-1-ol
(= hexylcarbinol)
(= heptyl alcohol)
188 111-70-6 - 0.9
(= enanthic alcohol)
(= 1-hydroxyheptane)
CH3(CH2)5CH2OH
2-Butoxyethanol
(= Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether)
189 111-76-2 (= Butyl cellosolve) - 1.1 1.1
(= Butylglykol)
CH3(CH2)3OCH2OH
Nonane
190 111-84-2 (= Nonyl hydride) 0.7 0.7 0.7
CH3(CH2)7CH2
1-Octanol
(= Caprylic alcohol)
(= Heptyl carbinol)
191 111-87-5 - 0.9
(= 1-Hydroxyoctane)
(= n-Octyl alcohol)
CH3(CH2)6CH2OH
2- (2-Ethoxyethoxy) ethanol
(= Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether)
192 111-90-0 - 1.3 1.2
(= 3,6-Dioxaoctan-1-ol)
CH3CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH
2-Butoxyethanol acetate
193 112-07-2 (= Ethylene glycol monobutyl etheracetate) - 0.9 0.8
C4H9O(CH2)2OCOCH3
1-Decanol
194 112-30-1 (= Decyl alcohol) - 0.7
CH3(CH2)9OH
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy) ethanol
(= Butyldiglykol)
195 112-34-5 - 0.85
(= Diglycol monobutyl ether)
CH3(CH2)3OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH
1-Dodecene
196 112-41-4 - 0.6
CH3(CH2)9CH=CH2
1,1´-Oxybishexane
197 112-58-3 (= Dihexyl Ether) - -
(CH3(CH2)5)2O
Propene
(= Methylethylene)
198 115-07-1 1.8 2.0 2.0
(= Propylene)
CH2=CHCH3
Oxybismethane
(= Methyl ether)
(= Dimethylether)
199 115-10-6 2.7 2.7 3.0
(= Wood ether)
(= Methoxymethane)
(CH3)2O
2-Methylprop-1-ene
200 115-11-7 1.6 1.6 1.8
(= 1,1-Dimethylethylene)
- 22 -
(= Isobutylene)
(= Isobutene)
(= 2-Methylpropene)
(CH3)2C=CH2
Tetrafluoroethylene
201 116-14-3 10.5 10 10
CF2=CF2
N,N-Diethylethanamine
202 121-44-8 (= Triethylamine) - 1.2 1.2
(CH3CH2)3N
N,N-Dimethylbenzeneamine
203 121-69-7 (= N,N-Dimethylaniline) - 1.2 1.2
C6H3(CH3)2NH2
2-Ethylhexanal
204 123-05-7 (= 2-Ethylhexaldehyde) - 0.9
CH3CH(CH2CH3)(CH2)3CHO
1-Propanal
205 123-38-6 (= Propionic aldehyde) - 2.0 2.3
CH3CH2CHO
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpenta-2-one
(= Diacetone alcohol)
206 123-42-2 - 1.8 1.8
(= 2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one)
CH3COCH2C(CH3)2OH
3-Methylbutan-1-ol
207 123-51-3 (= Isoamyl alcohol) - 1.3
(CH3)2CH (CH2)2OH
Pentane-2,4-dione
208 123-54-6 (= Acetylacetone) - 1.7
CH3COCH2COCH3
2,4,6-Trimethyl-1,3,5-trioxane
(=p-Acetaldehyde)
209 123-63-7 (= Paracetaldehyde) - 1.3
(= Paraldehyde)
OCH(CH3)OCH(CH3)OCH(CH3)
1-Butanal
(= Butyraldehyde)
210 123-72-8 - 1.7 2.5
(= Butyl aldehyde)
CH3CH2CH2CHO
Acetic acid n-butyl ester
(= n-Butyl acetate)
211 123-86-4 (= n-Butyl ester of acetic acid) - 1.2 1.4
(= Butyl ethanoate)
CH3COOCH2(CH2)2CH3
1,4-Dioxane
(= Diethylene dioxide)
212 123-91-1 (= Diethylene ether) - 1.4 1.9
OCH2CH2OCH2CH2
.
Octanal
213 124-13-0 (= Octaldehyde) - -
CH3(CH2)6CHO
Decane
124-18-5
214 (mixed isomers) 0.7 0.7 0.7
(n-Decane)
C10H22
n-Methylmethanamine
215 124-40-3 (= Dimethylamine) 2.8 2.8 2.8
(CH3)2NH
- 23 -
2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
216 126-99-8 (= Chloroprene) - 1.9
CH2=CClCH=CH2
1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl) cyclohexene
217 138-86-3 - 0.7 0.7
CH3CCHCH2CH(C(CH3)=CH2)CH2CH2
2-Propenoic acid ethyl ester
(= Acrylic acid ethyl ester)
218 140-88-5 (= Ethyl acrylate) - 1.4 1.4
(= Ethyl propenoate)
CH2=CHCOOCH2CH3
2-Propenoic acid butyl ester (inhibited)
(= n-Butyl acrylate)
219 141-32-2 (= Butyl ester of acrylic acid) - 1.2 1.5
(= Butyl-2-propenoate)
CH2=CHCOOC4H9
2-Aminoethanol
(= Ethanolamine)
(= beta-Aminoethyl alcohol)
220 141-43-5 (= Ethylolamine) - - 5.5
(= 2-Hydroxyethylamine)
(= Monoethanolamine)
NH2CH2CH2OH
Acetic acid ethyl ester
(= Ethyl acetate)
221 141-78-6 2.0 2.0 2.1
(= Ethyl ethanoate)
CH3COOCH2CH3
4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one
222 141-79-7 (= Mesityl oxide) - 1.6 0.4
(CH3)2CCHCOCH3
3-Oxobutanoic acid ethyl ester
(= Acetoacetic acid ethyl ester)
223 141-97-9 (= 1-Ethoxybutane-1,3-dione) - 1.0
(= Ethyl acetoacetate)
CH3COCH2COOCH2CH3
Cyclopentene
224 142-29-0 CH=CHCH2CH2CH - 1.48
.
142-82-5 Heptane (mixed isomers)
225 0.8 0.85 1.1
(n-Heptane) C7H16
n-Propyl-1-propanamine
226 142-84-7 (= Dipropylamine) - 1.2 1.8
(CH3CH2CH2)2NH
1,1´-Oxybisbutane
(= Dibutyl ether)
227 142-96-1 - 0.9 1.5
(= 1-Butoxybutane)
(CH3(CH2)3)2O
Ethylenimine
(= Aminoethylene)
228 151-56-4 - 3.3
(= Aziridine)
CH3CH2N
Cyclobutane
229 287-23-0 (= Tertamethylene) 1.8 1.8
CH2(CH2)2CH2
Cyclopentane
230 287-92-3 (= Pentamethylene) - 1.4 1.4
CH2(CH2)3CH2
- 24 -
Cycloheptane
231 291-64-5 - 1.1
CH2(CH2)3CH2
(+-)-α-Methylbenzeneethanamine
(= Amphetamine)
232 300-62-9 - -
(=1-Phenylpropan-2-amine)
C6H5CH2CH(NH2)CH3
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethoxybenzene
233 350-57-2 - 1.6
C6H5OCF2CF2H
Trifluoroethylene
234 359-11-5 10.5 15.3
CF2=CFH
1,1,1-Trifluoroethane
235 420-46-2 (= Methylfluoroform) 7.0 6.8 9.8
CF3CH3
Butanoyl fluoride
236 461-53-0 (= Butyryl fluoride) - 2.6
CH3(CH2)2COF
Carbonyl sulfide
237 463-58-1 6.5 6.5 12.0
COS
trans-Decahydronaphthalene
238 493-02-7 - 0.7
CH2(CH2)3CHCH(CH2)3CH2
Penta-1,3-diene
239 504-60-9 (= Piperylene) - 1.2
CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH3
2-Chloro-2-methylpropane
240 507-20-0 - -
(CH3)3CCl
2-Methylbut-2-ene
(= Amylene)
241 513-35-9 - 1.3 1.5
(= Trimethylethylene)
(CH3)2C=CHCH3
1-Chloro-2-methylpropane
242 513-36-0 - 2.0
(CH3)2CHCH2Cl
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
243 526-73-8 (= Hemimellitene) - 0.8
CHCHCH(CH3) C(CH3)C(CH3)
2-Methylfuran
244 534-22-5 - 1.4
OC(CH3) CHCHCH
Phenylacetylene
(= Ethynylbenzene)
245 536-74-3 - -
(= Phenyl ethyne)
C6H5C≡CH
1-Chloropropane
246 540-54-5 - 2.4
CH3CH2CH2Cl
1,2-Dichloroethene
(= Acetylene dichloride)
247 540-59-0 (= trans-Acetylene dichloride) - 9.7
(= sym-Dichloroethylene)
ClCH=CHCl
Ethyl methyl ether
248 540-67-0 (= Methoxythane) 2.0 2.0
CH3OCH2CH3
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
(= iso-Butyltrimethyl methane)
249 540-84-1 1.0 0.7 0.8
(= iso-Octane)
(CH3)2CHCH2C(CH3)3
Acetic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester
250 540-88-5 - 1.3
(= tert-Butyl acetate)
- 25 -
(= tert-Butyl ester of acetic acid)
CH3COOC(CH3)3
1,3-Cyclopentadiene
251 542-92-7 - -
CH2CH=CHCH=CH
1,1´-Oxybis(3-methylbutane)
(= Diisopentylether)
252 544-01-4 (= Di(3-methyl-1-butyl) ether) - 1.27
(= 3-Methyl-1-(3-methyl-butoxy)-butane)
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2O(CH2)2CH (CH3)2
2-Methylthiophene
253 554-14-3 - 1.3
SC(CH3) CHCHCH
Acetyl fluoride
254 557-99-3 - 5.6
CH3COF
3-Chloro-2-methyl-1-propene
255 563-47-3 - 2.1
CH2=C(CH3)CH2Cl
3,4-Dimethylhexane
256 583-48-2 - 0.8
CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3
Propionic acid butyl ester
(= Propanoic acid, butyl ester)
257 590-01-2 (= Butyl propanoate) - 1.0
(= Butyl propionate)
C2H5COOC4H9
2-Butene (cis)
258 590-18-1 1.5 1.6
CH3CH=CHCH3
3-Methylbutanal
(= iso-Pentanal)
259 590-86-3 (= iso-Valeraldehyde) - 1.3
(= 3-Methylbutyraldehyde)
(CH3)2CHCH2CHO
2-Hexanone
(= Hexan-2-one)
260 591-78-6 - 1.2
(= Methyl butyl ketone)
CH3CO(CH2)3CH3
Acetic acid-2-propenyl ester
(= Acetoxypropene)
261 591-87-7 (= Acetic acid, allyl ester) - 1.7
(= Allyl acetate)
CH2=CHCH2OOCCH3
Hept-2-ene
262 592-77-8 - -
CH3(CH2)3CH=CHCH3
Methylcyclobutane
263 598-61-8 - -
CH3CH(CH2)2CH2
2-Methylpent-2-enal
264 623-36-9 - 1.46
CH3CH2CHC(CH3)COH
Methylisocyanate
265 624-83-9 (= Methyl ester of isocyanic acid) - 5.3
CH3NCO
Formic acid-1-methylethyl ester
(= iso-Propyl formate)
266 625-55-8 (= Formic acid isopropyl ester) - -
(= 1-Methylethyl formate)
HCOOCH(CH3)2
Acetic acid 1-methylbutyl ester
(= sec-Amyl acetate)
267 626-38-0 - 11.0
(= 1-Methylbutyl acetate)
(= 2-Pentanol acetate)
- 26 -
(= 2-Pentyl ester of acetic acid)
CH3COOCH(CH3)(CH2)2CH3
Acetic acid penthyl ester
(= n-Amyl acetate)
(= Amyl acetic ester)
(= 1-Pentanol acetate)
268 628-63-7 - 1.0
(= Pentyl Acetate)
(= Pentyl ester of acetic acid)
(= Primary amyl acetate)
CH3COO(CH2)4CH3
1,2-Diethoxyethane
269 629-14-1 (= 3,6-Dioxaoctane) - -
CH3CH2O(CH2)2OCH2CH3
Carbon monoxide (water saturated air at 18°
270 630-08-0 C; see 5.2.3) 10.9 10.9 12.5
CO
2-Ethyl-2-hexenal
271 645-62-5 (= Ethylpropylacrolein) - -
CH3CH(CH2CH3)=CH(CH2)2CH3
1,3-Dioxolane
(= glycolformal)
272 646-06-0 (= formaldehyde ethylene acetal) - 2.3
(= ethylene glycol formal)
OCH2CH2OCH2
4-Methylene-2-oxetanone
(= Acetyl ketene)
273 674-82-8 (= But-3-en-3-olide) - -
(= Diketene)
CH2=CCH2C(O)O
3,3,3-Trifluoroprop-1-ene
274 677-21-4 - 4.7 4.0
CF3CH=CH2
1,1´-Oxybispentane
275 693-65-2 (= Dipentylether) - -
(CH3(CH2)4)2O
3,4-Dichlorobut-1-ene
276 760-23-6 - 1.3
CH2=CHCHClCH2Cl
理研計器標準+A1:G304
277 764-48-7 - -
1-Cyclopropyl ethanone
(= acetylcyclopropane)
278 765-43-5 - 1.7
(= Cyclopropyl methyl ketone)
CH2CH2CHCOCH3
Acryloyl chloride
(= Propenoyl chloride)
279 814-68-6 - 2.68
(= Acrylic acid chloride)
CH2CHCOCl
1-Decene
280 872-05-9 - 0.55
CH2(CH2)8CH3
Methacryloyl chloride
(= Methacrylic acid chloride)
281 920-46-7 - 2.5
(= 2-Methyl-2-propenoyl chloride)
CH2CCH3COCl
1,3-Dichloro-2-butene
282 926-57-8 - -
CH3CCI=CHCH2Cl
2-Methoxy-2-methyl-butane
(= 1,1-Dimethylpropyl methyl ether)
283 994-05-8 - 1.18
(= Methyl tert-pentyl ether)
(CH3)2C(OCH3)CH2CH3
- 27 -
Methylenecyclobutane
284 1120-56-5 - 1.25
C(=CH2)(CH2)2CH2
4,4,5-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxane
285 1122-03-8 - -
OCH2OCH(CH3)C(CH3)2CH2
Xylidenes (Mixture of isomers)
286 1300-73-8 (= Xylidine) - 1.0
C6H3(CH3)2NH2
Cresol
1319-77-3
287 (mixed isomers) - 1.1 1.1
(o-Cresol)
CH3C6H4OH
Hydrogen
288 1333-74-0 4.0 4.0 4.0
H2
O-Ethyl phosphoro dichloridothioate
289 1498-64-2 - -
C2H5OPSCl2
2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane
(= tert-Butyl methylether)
290 1634-04-4 - 1.5 1.6
(= Methyl tert-butylether)
CH3OC(CH3)3
Ethylcyclopentane
291 1640-89-7 - 1.05
CH3CH2CH(CH2)3CH2
Ethylcyclohexane
292 1678-91-7 - 0.9 0.9
CH3CH2CH(CH2)4CH2
Nitric acid-1-methylethyl ester
(= iso-Propyl nitrate)
293 1712-64-7 (= Nitric acid isopropyl ester) - 2.0
(= Propane-2-nitrate)
(CH3)2CHONO2
Dichlorodiethylsilane
294 1719-53-5 (= Diethyl-dichloro-silane) - 3.4
(C2H5)2SiCl2
3-(Dimethylamino) propiononitrile
295 1738-25-6 - 1.57
(CH3)2NHCH2CH2CN
2-Bromo-1,1-diethoxyethane
296 2032-35-1 - -
(CH3CH2O)2CHCH2Br
(Butoxymethyl)oxirane
(= n-Butyl glycidil ether)
(= Butyl 2,3- Epoxypropylether)
297 2426-08-6 - -
(= 1,2-Epoxy-3-butoxypropane)
(CH2)3OCH2
CH3CH2(CH2)3O CH2 CHCH2O
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-Octafluoro-1,1-
298 2673-15-6 dimethylpentan-1-ol - -
H(CF2CF2)2C(CH3)2OH
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-Dodecafluoroheptyl
299 2993-85-3 methacrylate - 1.6
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2(CF2)6H
1,4-Dichloro-2,3 Epoxybutane
(= 2,3-bis(chloromethyl) oxirane)
300 3583-47-9 - 1.9
CH2ClCH2CHCHOCH2Cl
.
2-Butenal
(= Crotonaldehyde)
301 4170-30-3 (= beta-Methyl acrolein) - 2.1
(= Propylene aldehyde)
CH3CH=CHCHO
Ethylcyclobutane
302 4806-61-5 - 1.2
CH3CH2CH(CH2)2CH2
- 28 -
1,1,3-Triethoxybutane
303 5870-82-6 - 0.78
(CH3CH2O)2CHCH2CH(CH3CH2O)CH3
5-Chloro-2-pentanone
304 5891-21-4 - 2.0
CH3CO(CH2)3Cl
2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoropropyl acrylate
(= Acrylic acid 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-propyl ester)
305 7383-71-3 - 2.4
(= 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro propyl prop-2- enoate)
CH2=CHCOOCH2CF2CF2H
Hydroxyacetic butylester
(= Butyl glycolate)
306 7397-62-8 - -
(= Butyl-2-hydroxyacetate)
HOCH2COO(CH2)3CH3
Ammonia
307 7664-41-7 (= Anhydrous ammonia) 15.4 15 15.0
NH3
Hydrogen Sulfide
(= Hydrosulfuric acid)
308 7783-06-4 (= Sewer gas) - 4.0 4.0
(= Sulfuretted hydrogen)
H2S
Gasoline
(= Motor fuel)
309 8006-61-9 - 1.4
(= Natural gasoline)
(= Petrol)
310 8006-64-2 Turpentine oil - 0.8 0.8
Kerosene
311 8008-20-6 (= Diesel Oil No. 1) - 0.7 0.7
(= Fuel Oil No. 1)
Methyl-2-methoxypropionate
312 17639-76-8 - 1.2
CH3CH(CH3O)COOCH3
2-Methyl-5-vinylpyridine
313 20260-76-8 - -
NC(CH3)CHCHC(CH2=CH)CH
Octene (mixed isomers)
314 25377-83-7 - 0.9
C8H16
Methylcyclohexanol (mixed isomers)
(= Hexahydromethyl phenol)
315 25639-42-3 - -
(= Hexahydrocresol)
C7H13OH
Methylcyclopentadiene-1,3
316 26519-91-5 - 1.3
(CH3)C=CHCH=CHCH2
2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1,1-dimethylpropan- 1-ol
317 29553-26-2 - -
HCF2CF2C(CH3)2OH
Paraformaldehyde
(= Polyoxymethylene)
318 30525-89-4 (= Polymerised formaldehyde) - 7.0
(= Formaldehyde polymer)
poly(CH2O)
(2-Methoxymethylethoxy)propanol
319 34590-94-8 (= Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether) - 1.1
H3COC3H6OC3H6OH
2-iso-Propyl-5-methylhex-2-enal
320 35158-25-9 -(= 2-Hexenal, 5-methyl-2-(1- methylethyl)) - -
(CH3)2CH-C(CHO)CHCH2CH(CH3)2
2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoropropyl methacrylat
321 45102-52-1 - 1.9
(= 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro propyl 2- methylprop-2-
- 29 -
enoate)
CH2=C(CH2)COOCH2CF2CF2H
Diesel Oil No. 2
322 68476-34-6 (= Diesel fuel No. 2) - 0.6
(=Fuel Oil No. 2)
1-Chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methyl ether
323 No CAS - 8.0
CF3CHClOCH3
Coke oven gas
324 No CAS - -
(see 5.2.1)
Fuel oil-6
325 No CAS - -
4-Methylenetetra-hydropyran
326 No CAS - 1.5
OCH2CH2C(=CH2) CH2CH2
2-Methylhexa-3,5-dien-2-ol
327 No CAS - -
CH2=CHC=CHC(OH)(CH3)2
Water gas
328 No CAS - -
Mixture of CO + H2
329 7784-42-1 Arsine 3.9 - 5.1
330 74-83-9 Bromomethan 8.6 - 8.6
331 590-19-2 1,2-Butadiene 1.4 -
332 624-64-6 trans-Butene 1.5 -
333 75-68-3 Chlorodifluoroethane (R142b) 6.3 - 7.8
334 460-19-5 Cyanogen 3.9 -
335 7782-39 Deuterium 6.7 - 5.0
336 19287-45-7 Diborane 0.9 - 0.8
337 4109-96-0 Dichlorosilane 2.5 - 4.1
338 75-37-6 Difluoroethane (R152a) 4.0 - 3.7
339 463-82-1 Dimethylpropane (neopentane) 1.3 -
340 353-36-6 Fluoroethane 3.8 -
341 7782-65-2 Germane 1.0 - 0.8
342 7783-03-5 Hydrogen selenide 4.0 -
343 7783-06-4 Hydrogen sulfide 3.9 - 4.0
344 624-91-9 Methyl nitrite 5.3 -
345 992-94-9 Methyl silane 1.3 -
346 563-45-1 Methylbutene (3-methylbut-1-ene) 1.5 -
347 7803-51-2 Phosphine 1.6 - 1.8
348 463-49-0 Propadiene 1.9 -
349 7803-62-5 Silane 1.4 - 0.8
- 30 -
350 993-07-7 Trimethylsilane 1.3 -
351 593-60-2 Vinyl bromide 5.6 -
352 75-02-5 Vinyl fluoride 2.9 -
353 107-25-5 Vinyl methyl ether 2.2 -
354 503-17-3 Dimethyl acetylene (2-butyne, crotonylene) 1.4 - 1.4
355 112-40-3 n-Dodecane 0.6 -
356 78-00-2 Lead tetraethyl (tetraethyllead) 1.8 -
357 75-09-2 Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane) 13.0 - 13.0
358 13465-78-6 Monochlorosilane 1.0 -
359 13463-39-3 Nickel carbonyl (tetracarbonylnickel) 0.9 -
360 110-74-7 Propyl formate 2.1 -
- 31 -
4. Toxic Gas Hazards
4-1. Toxic gas hazards
4. Toxic Gas Hazards
4-1. Toxic gas hazards

The gases used or generated as process byproduct gases in a wide range of industries
include toxic gases that can cause serious health damage or even death in humans, even
at extremely low concentrations.
Certain gases like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) have a distinct odor that
allows us humans to detect their presence. Even so, the human olfactory sense is unable
to determine whether concentrations have reached potentially harmful threshold levels
(in the case of H2S TLV-TWA: 1 ppm, ACGIH 2018).
1 ppm corresponds to the concentration obtained, for example, by adding just a single
drop (1 mL = 1 g or 1 cc) of toxic liquid into a large 1,000 L (1 t or 1 m3) tank of water
and mixing thoroughly. Suppose the single drop (1 ppm) is a drop of soy sauce. Not only
would it be impossible to detect this visually after mixing, it would be impossible to
detect by taste. While gases differ from liquids, many toxic gases are both colorless and
odorless.
One such example of a toxic gas is carbon monoxide (CO), a potentially fatal gas that
can be generated by the incomplete combustion of gas heaters in homes. Itʼs sometimes
referred to as a silent killer, due to its capacity to poison or kill undetected.
- 32 -
4. Toxic Gas Hazards 4-2. Threshold limit values of toxic gases
4-2. Threshold limit values of toxic gases
Chemical ACGIH 2018

Name formula（ACGIH） CASNo.
formula TWA STEL C
Acetaldehyde 75-07-0 C2H4O 25ppm
Acetic acid 64-19-7 C2H4O2 10ppm 15ppm
Acetic anhydride 108-24-7 C4H6O3 1ppm 3ppm
Acetone 67-64-1 C3H6O 500ppm 750ppm
Acetonitrile 75-05-8 C2H3N 20ppm
Acetophenone 98-86-2 C8H8O 10ppm
Acrolein 107-02-8 C3H4O 0.1ppm
Acrylic acid 79-10-7 C3H4O2 2ppm
Acrylonitrile 107-13-1 C3H3N 2ppm
Allyl alcohol 107-18-6 C3H6O 0.5ppm
Aｌlyl chloride 107-05-1 C3H5CL 1ppm 2ppm
Allyl glycidyl ether(AGE) 106-92-3 C6H10O2 1ppm
Ammonia 7664-41-7 NH3 25ppm 35ppm
Aniline 62-53-3 C6H7N 2ppm
Antimony hydride 7803-52-3 H3Sb 0.1ppm
Arsine 7784-42-1 AsH3 0.005ppm
Benzene 71-43-2 C6H6 0.5ppm 2.5ppm
Benzyl chloride 100-44-7 C7H7CL 1ppm
Boron tribromide 10294-33-4 BBr3 1ppm
Boron trifluoride 7637-07-2 BF3 1ppm
Bromine 7726-95-6 Br2 0.1ppm 0.2ppm
Bromine pentafluoride 7789-30-2 BrF5 0.1ppm
1-Bromopropane 106-94-5 C3H7Br 0.1ppm
1,3-Butadiene 106-99-0 C4H6 2ppm
Butane, all isomers 75-28-5 C4H10 1000ppm
Butane, all isomers 106-97-8 C4H10 1000ppm
n-Butanol 71-36-3 C4H10O 20ppm
sec-Butanol 78-92-2 C4H10O 100ppm
tert-Butanol 75-65-0 C4H10O 100ppm
Butenes, all isomers 106-98-9 C4H8 250ppm
Isobutene
Isobutene
Isobutene
2-Butoxyethanol(EGBE) 111-76-2 C6H14O2 20ppm
2-Butoxyethyl 112-07-2 C8H16O3 20ppm
acetate(EGBEA)
n-Butyl acetate 123-86-4 C6H12O2 150ppm 200ppm
tert-Butyl acetate 540-88-5 C6H12O2 200ppm
n-Butyl acrylate 141-32-2 C7H12O2 2ppm
n-Butylamine 109-73-9 C4H11N 5ppm
Carbon dioxide 124-38-9 CO2 5000ppm 30,000ppm
Carbon disulfide 75-15-0 CS2 1ppm
Carbon monoxide 630-08-0 CO 25ppm
Carbon tetrabromide 558-13-4 CBr4 0.1ppm 0.3ppm
- 33 -
Chemical ACGIH 2018

formula TWA STEL C
Carbon tetrachloride 56-23-5 CCL4 5ppm 10ppm
Carbonyl fluoride 353-50-4 COF2 2ppm 5ppm
Carbonyl sulfide 463-58-1 COS 5ppm
Catechol 120-80-9 C6H6O2 5ppm
Chlorine 7782-50-5 CL2 0.5ppm 1ppm
Chlorine dioxide 10049-04-4 CLO2 0.1ppm 0.3ppm
Chlorine trifluoride 7790-91-2 CLF3 0.1ppm
Chlorobenzene 108-90-7 C6H5CL 10ppm
Chlorobromomethane 74-97-5 CH2CLBr 200ppm
Chlorodifluoromethane 75-45-6 CHF2CL 1000ppm
Chloroform 67-66-3 CHCL3 10ppm
Chloropentafluoroethane 76-15-3 C2F5CL 1000ppm
Chloropicrin 76-06-2 CNO2CL3 0.1ppm
o-Chlorotoluene 95-49-8 C7H7CL 50ppm
Cumene 98-82-8 C9H12 50ppm
Cyclohexane 110-82-7 C6H12 100ppm
Cyclohexanol 108-93-0 C6H12O 50ppm
Cyclohexanone 108-94-1 C6H10O 20ppm 50ppm
Cyclohexene 110-83-8 C6H10 300ppm
Cyclopentadiene 542-92-7 Ｃ5Ｈ6 75ppm
Cyclopentane 287-92-3 C5H10 600ppm
Diacetone alcohol 123-42-2 C6H12O2 50ppm
Diborane 19287-45-7 B2H6 0.1ppm
o-Dichlorobenzene 95-50-1(ortho) C6H4CL2 25ppm(ortho) 50ppm(ortho)
p-Dichlorobenzene 106-46-7(para) 10ppm(para)
Dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8 CF2CL2 1000ppm
1,1-Dichloroethane 75-34-3 C2H4CL2 100ppm
1,2-Dichloroethylene, all 156-59-2 C2H2CL2 200ppm
isomers
1,2-Dichloroethylene, all 156-60-5 C2H2CL2 200ppm
isomers
Dichlorofluoromethane 75-43-4 CHFCL2 10ppm
Dichloromethane 75-09-2 CH2CL2 50ppm
1,3-Dichloropropene 542-75-6 C3H4CL2 1ppm
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane 76-14-2 C2F4CL2 1000ppm
Dicyclopentadiene 77-73-6 C10H12 5ppm
Diethylamine 109-89-7 C4H11N 5ppm 15ppm
Diethylene glycol monobutyl 112-34-5 C8H18O3
10ppm
ether
Diethyl ketone 96-22-0 C5H10O 200ppm 300ppm
Difluorodibromomethane 75-61-6 CF2Br2 100ppm
Diisobutyl ketone 108-83-8 C9H18O 25ppm
Diisopropylamine 108-18-9 C6H15N 5ppm
N,N-Dimethyl acetamide 127-19-5 C4H9NO 10ppm
Dimethylamine 124-40-3 C2H7N 5ppm 15ppm
Dimethylaniline 121-69-7 C8H11N 5ppm 10ppm
Dimethyl disulfide 624-92-0 C2H6S2 0.5ppm
Dimethylformamide 68-12-2 C3H7NO 10ppm
Dimethyl sulfate 77-78-1 C2H6O4S 0.1ppm
Dimethyl sulfide 75-18-3 C2H6S 10ppm
- 34 -
Chemical ACGIH 2018

formula TWA STEL C
1,4-Dioxane 123-91-1 C4H8O2 20ppm
1,3-Dioxolane 646-06-0 C3H6O2 20ppm
Divinyl benzene 1321-74-0 C10H10 10ppm
Enflurane 13838-16-9 C3H2ClF5O 75ppm
Epichlorohydrin 106-89-8 C3H5OCL 0.5ppm
Ethanol 64-17-5 C2H6O 1000ppm
Ethanolamine 141-43-5 C2H7NO 3ppm 6ppm
2-Ethoxyethanol(EGEE) 110-80-5 C4H10O2 5ppm
2-Ethoxyethyl 111-15-9 C6H12O3 5ppm
acetate(EGEEA)
Ethyl acetate 141-78-6 C4H8O2 400ppm
Ethyl acrylate 140-88-5 C5H8O2 5ppm 15ppm
Ethylamine 75-04-7 C2H7N 5ppm 15ppm
Ethyl benzene 100-41-4 C8H10 20ppm
Ethyl bromide 74-96-4 C2H5Br 5ppm
Ethyｌ tert-butyl ether 637-92-3 C6H14O 25ppm
Ethyl chloride 75-00-3 C2H5CL 100ppm
Ethylene 74-85-1 C2H4 200ppm
Ethylene chlorohydrin 107-07-3 C2H5OCL 1ppm
Ethylenediamine 107-15-3 C2H8N2 10ppm
Ethylene dichloride 107-06-2 C2H4CL2 10ppm
Ethylene oxide 75-21-8 C2H4O 1ppm
Ethyleneimine 151-56-4 C2H5N 0.05ppm 0.1ppm
Ethyl ether 60-29-7 C4H10O 400ppm 500ppm
Ethyl formate 109-94-4 C3H6O2 100ppm
Ethylidene norbornene 16219-75-3 C9H12 2ppm 4ppm
Ethyl mercaptan 75-08-1 C2H6S 0.5ppm
Ethyl silicate 78-10-4 C8H20O4Si 10ppm
Fluorine 7782-41-4 F2 1ppm 2ppm
Formaldehyde 50-00-0 CH2O 0.3ppm
Formaldehyde 50-00-0 CH2O 0.3ppm
Formic acid 64-18-6 CH2O2 5ppm 10ppm
Furfural 98-01-1 C5H4O2 2ppm
Furfuryl alcohol 98-00-0 C5H6O2 10ppm 15ppm
Gasoline 68606-10-0 300ppm 500ppm
86290-81-5
Germanium tetrahydride 7782-65-2 GeH4 0.2ppm
Halothane 151-67-7 C2HF3CLBr 50ppm
Heptane, all isomers 142-82-5 C7H16 400ppm 500ppm
Hexafluoroacetone 684-16-2 C3OF6 0.1ppm
34202-69-2
(trihydrate)
Hexafluoropropylene 116-15-4 C3F6 0.1ppm
n-Hexane 110-54-3 C6H14 50ppm
Hexane isomers, other than 75-83-2 C6H14 500ppm 1000ppm
n-Hexane
1-Hexene 592-41-6 C6H12 50ppm 2ppm
Hydrazine 302-01-2 N2H4 0.01ppm 2ppm
Hydrogen bromide 10035-10-6 HBr 2ppm
Hydrogen chloride 7647-01-0 HCL 2ppm
- 35 -
Chemical ACGIH 2018

formula TWA STEL C
Hydrogen cyanide 74-90-8 CHN 4.7ppm
Hydrogen fluoride, as F 7664-39-3 HF 0.5ppm
Hydrogen peroxide 7722-84-1 H2O2 1ppm
Hydrogen selenide, as Se 7783-07-5 H2Se 0.05ppm
Hydrogen sulfide 7783-06-4 H2S 1ppm 5ppm
Iodine 7553-56-2 I2 0.01ppm 0.1ppm
Iron pentacarbonyl 13463-40-6 C5O5Fe 0.1ppm 0.2ppm
Isobutanol 78-83-1 C4H10O 50ppm
Isobutyl acetate 110-19-0 C6H12O2 150ppm
Isophorone 78-59-1 C9H14O 5ppm
Isopropyl acetate 108-21-4 C5H10O2 100ppm 200ppm
Isopropylamine 75-31-0 C3H9N 5ppm 10ppm
Isopropyl ether 108-20-3 C6H14O 250ppm 310ppm
Mesityl oxide 141-79-7 C6H10O 15ppm 25ppm
Methacrylic acid 79-41-4 C4H6O2 20ppm
Methanol 67-56-1 CH4O 200ppm 250ppm
2-Methoxyethanol(EGME) 109-86-4 C3H8O2 0.1ppm
2-Methoxyethyl acetate 110-49-6 C5H10O3 0.1ppm
(EGMEA)
(2-Methoxymethylethoxy) 34590-94-8 C7H16O3 100ppm 150ppm
propanol(DPGME)
1-Methoxy-2-propanol 107-98-2 C4H10O2 50ppm 100ppm
Methyl acetate 79-20-9 C3H6O2 200ppm 250ppm
Methyl acetylene 74-99-7 C3H4 1000ppm
Methyl acrylate 96-33-3 C4H6O2 2ppm
Methylacrylonitrile 126-98-7 C4H5N 1ppm
Methylal 109-87-5 C3H8O2 1000ppm
Methylamine 74-89-5 CH5N 5ppm 15ppm
Methyl n-amyl ketone 110-43-0 C7H14O 50ppm
Methyl bromide 74-83-9 CH3Br 1ppm
Methyl tert-butyl 1634-04-4 C5H12O 50ppm
ether(MTBE)
Methyl n-butyl ketone 591-78-6 C6H12O 5ppm 10ppm
Methyl chloride 74-87-3 CH3CL 50ppm 100ppm
Methyl chloroform 71-55-6 C2H3CL3 350ppm 450ppm
Methyl cyclohexane 108-87-2 C7H14 400ppm
Methyl ethyl ketone(MEK) 78-93-3 C4H8O 200ppm 300ppm
Methyl formate 107-31-3 C2H4O2 100ppm 150ppm
Methyl hydrazine 60-34-4 CH6N2 0.01ppm
Methyl iodide 74-88-4 CH3I 2ppm
Methyl isoamyl ketone 110-12-3 C7H14O 20ppm 50ppm
Methyl isobutyl carbinol 108-11-2 C6H14O 25ppm 40ppm
Methyl isobutyl ketone 108-10-1 C6H12O 20ppm 75ppm
Methyl isopropyl ketone 563-80-4 C5H10O 20ppm
Methyl mercaptan 74-93-1 CH4S 0.5ppm
Methyl methacrylate 80-62-6 C5H8O2 50ppm 100ppm
Methyl silicate 681-84-5 C4H12O4Si 1ppm
α-Methyl styrene 98-83-9 C9H10 10ppm
- 36 -
Chemical ACGIH 2018

formula TWA STEL C
Methyl vinyl ketone 78-94-4 C4H6O 0.2ppm
Morpholine 110-91-8 C4H9NO 20ppm
Naphthalene 91-20-3 C10H8 10ppm
Nitric acid 7697-37-2 HNO3 2ppm 4ppm
Nitric oxide 10102-43-9 NO 25ppm
Nitrobenzene 98-95-3 C6H5NO2 1ppm
Nitroethane 79-24-3 C2H5NO2 100ppm
Nitrogen dioxide 10102-44-0 NO2 0.2ppm
Nitrogen trifluoride 7783-54-2 NF3 10ppm
2-Nitropropane 79-46-9 C3H7NO2 10ppm
Nitrous oxide 10024-97-2 N2O 50ppm
Nonane 111-84-2 C9H20 200ppm
Octane, all isomers 540-84-1 C8H18 300ppm
Octane, all isomers 111-65-9 C8H18 300ppm
Osmium tetroxide, as Os 20816-12-0 OsO4 0.0002ppm 0.0006ppm
Ozone 10028-15-6 O3 0.05ppm
0.08ppm
0.1ppm
0.2ppm
Pentane, all isomers 78-78-4 C5H12 1000ppm
Pentane, all isomers 109-66-0 C5H12 1000ppm
2,4-Pentanedione 123-54-6 C5H8O2 25ppm
Pentyl acetate, all isomers 123-92-2 C7H14O2 50ppm 100ppm
Phenol 108-95-2 C6H6O 5ppm
Phenyl mercaptan 108-98-5 C6H6S 0.1ppm
Phosgene 75-44-5 COCL2 0.1ppm
Phosphine 7803-51-2 PH3 0.3ppm 1ppm
Phosphorus oxychloride 10025-87-3 POCL3 0.1ppm
Phosphorus pentachloride 10026-13-8 PCL5 0.1ppm
Phosphorus trichloride 7719-12-2 PCL3 0.2ppm 0.5ppm
n-Propanol(n-Propyl 71-23-8 C3H8O 100ppm
alcohol)
2-Propanol 67-63-0 C3H8O 200ppm 400ppm
Propionaldehyde 123-38-6 C3H6O 20ppm
Propionic acid 79-09-4 C3H6O2 10ppm
n-Propyl acetate 109-60-4 C5H10O2 200ppm 250ppm
Propylene 115-07-1 C3H6 500ppm
Propylene dichloride 78-87-5 C3H6CL2 10ppm
Propylene oxide 75-56-9 C3H6O 2ppm
Propyleneimine 75-55-8 C3H7N 0.2ppm 0.4ppm
Pyridine 110-86-1 C5H5N 1ppm
Silicon tetrahydride 7803-62-5 SiH4 5ppm
Styrene, monomer 100-42-5 C8H8 20ppm 40ppm
Sulfur dioxide 7446-09-5 SO2 0.25ppm
Sulfur hexafluoride 2551-62-4 SF6 1000ppm
Sulfur tetrafluoride 7783-60-0 SF4 0.1ppm
Sulfuryl fluoride 2699-79-8 SO2F2 5ppm 10ppm
1,1,2,2,-Tetrabromoethane 79-27-6 C2H2Br4 0.1ppm
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2- 76-12-0 C2F2CL4 50ppm
difluoroethane
- 37 -
Chemical ACGIH 2018

formula TWA STEL C
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 79-34-5 C2H2CL4 1ppm
Tetrachloroethylene 127-18-4 C2CL4 25ppm 100ppm
Tetrafluoroethylene 116-14-3 C2F4 2ppm
Tetrahydrofuran 109-99-9 C4H8O 50ppm 100ppm
Thionyl chloride 7719-09-7 SOCL2 0.2ppm
Toluene 108-88-3 C7H8 20ppm
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 120-82-1 C6H3Cl3 5ppm
Trichloroethylene 79-01-6 C2HCL3 10ppm 25ppm
Trichlorofluoromethane 75-69-4 CFCL3 1000ppm
1,2,3-Trichloropropane 96-18-4 C3H5CL3 10ppm
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2- 76-13-1 C2F3CL3 1000ppm 1250ppm
trifluoroethane
Triethylamine 121-44-8 C6H15N 1ppm 3ppm
Trifluorobromomethane 75-63-8 CF3Br 1000ppm
Trimethylamine 75-50-3 C3H9N 5ppm 15ppm
Trimethyl benzene 108-67-8 C9H12 25ppm
(mixed isomers) 25551-13-7
(mixed isomers )
Trimethyl phosphite 121-45-9 C3H9O3P 2ppm
Turpentine and selected 8006-64-2 C10H16
20pm
monoterpenes
Turpentine and selected 80-56-8 C10H16 20ppm
monoterpenes
n-Valeraldehyde 110-62-3 C5H10O 50ppm
Vinyl acetate 108-05-4 C4H6O2 10ppm 15ppm
Vinyl chloride 75-01-4 C2H3CL 1ppm
4-Vinyl cyclohexene 100-40-3 C8H12 0.1ppm
N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone 88-12-0 C6H9NO 0.05ppm
Vinylidene chloride 75-35-4 C2H2CL2 5ppm
Vinylidene fluoride 75-38-7 C2H2F2 500ppm
Xylene(o, m & p isomers) 1330-20-7 C8H10 100ppm 150ppm
Xylene(o, m & p isomers) 95-47-6(ortho) C8H10 100ppm 150ppm
Xylene(o, m & p isomers) 108-38-3(meta) C8H10 100ppm 150ppm
Xylene(o, m & p isomers) 106-42-3(para) C8H10 100ppm 150ppm
- 38 -
5. Oxygen Deficiency Hazards
5-1. Oxygen deficiency

Oxygen is an essential substance for maintaining human biological function. Anoxia
has serious effects on the human body, the brain in particular. Anoxia is an
extremely hazardous state associated with high mortality rates in the workplace.
Looking at industrial accidents in Japan related to oxygen deficiency, we see that
the majority occur in the manufacturing and construction sectors, with several to
several dozens of victims each year.
The Ordinance on Prevention of Anoxia, etc. of the Industrial Safety and Health Act
of Japan describes oxygen deficiency as a condition in which the concentration of
oxygen in the air is less than 18 %. Gas detectors are used to confirm that oxygen
concentrations are at least 18 %.
Oxygen deficiency symptoms

O2 Concentration O2 Concentration O2 Concentration
O2 Concentration O2 Concentration O2 Concentration
- 39 -
Oxygen deficiency thresholds in different countries

Region Regulation Oxygen deficiency threshold
Japan Industrial Safety and Health Act 18.0 %
Ordinance on Prevention of Anoxia, etc.
USA OSHA 19.5 %
Occupational safety and health regulations
Europe (UK) CoGDEM 19.5 %
* OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
* CoGDEM: UK Council of Gas Detection and Environmental Monitoring
5-2. Three main causes of oxygen deficiency

1. Consumption of oxygen in the air
Main causes for oxygen consumption:
Oxidation of iron and other metals (ironsand, metal pipes, metal tanks),
oxidation of paint, biological oxygen consumption (respiration by humans
and microorganisms)
2. Discharge or inflow of oxygen-deficient air

Oxygen-deficient air generated by a wide range of factors can cause anoxia if it is
discharged or flows into an oxygen-deficient location due to work specifics,
construction methods, or weather conditions.
3. Methane generation or inflow of inert gas

Oxygen deficiency can be caused by the discharge of methane, present in the
natural world, or by leaks from tanks or pipes of inert gases (e.g., nitrogen,
carbon dioxide, argon) used in manufacturing industries.
5-3. Excess oxygen

While oxygen is essential to human biological function, continuous exposure to high
concentrations or high partial pressures can lead to oxygen poisoning. Oxygen
poisoning causes generalized convulsion and loss of consciousness̶and, in the
worst case, death. In environments where excess oxygen may arise, gas
concentrations must be monitored not just for oxygen deficiency (under 18 %), but
to prevent excessive concentrations.
- 40 -
6. Typical Areas That Require Gas Detection
6-1. Gas detector market
6. Typical Areas That Require

Gas Detection

The gas detector market comprises all markets where gas is used.
1. Laboratories, universities, hospitals

Research facilities using a wide range
of gases, including combustible and
toxic gases, adopt measures to
ensure the safety of research staff,
such as detecting gas leaks swiftly by
monitoring the environment using
Riken Keiki fixed gas detectors.
Aside from gas detectors, analysis
systems capable of performing both
X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses on site are used
for applications like research of cultural properties that cannot be moved.
- 41 -
2. Electronics industry
Plants manufacturing semiconductors
and LCD panels use what are known
as special material gases (highly toxic
and combustible gases), including
silane, arsine, and phosphine. With
these gases, leaks at even minute
concentrations (several ppm to several
tens of ppm) are unacceptable.
Plants manufacturing semiconductors and LCD panels may have several
hundred or several thousand Riken Keiki gas detectors deployed to protect
workers from gas leaks. These detectors contain potentiostatic electrolysis
method sensors capable of detecting gas leaks on the order of several ppm.
3. Steel industry
Gases generated as byproducts in steel
manufacturing processes (coke gas,
blast furnace gas, converter gas)
contain high levels of hydrogen and
carbon monoxide. These gases are
reused as fuel for power generation at
steel plants.
Riken Keiki portable gas detectors
protect workers inside steel plants from explosion and poisoning hazards.
4. Oil refining and petrochemical industry

The oil refining and petrochemical
industry handles a wide range of
combustible and toxic gases in its
manufacturing processes. Riken Keiki
fixed and portable gas detectors are
used in applications ranging from
detecting combustible and toxic gas
leaks from equipment and pipes to
process management and working environment measurements.
Fixed toxic gas environmental monitors are also increasingly being used for
toxic gas management at plant boundaries.
- 42 -
5. Volcanic and hot spring sites

Volcanic gases are generated near
volcanic craters and in areas where hot
springs discharge. These volcanic
gases contain toxic sulfur dioxide and
hydrogen sulfide, which are harmful to
humans if inhaled. The concentrations
of these gases vary continuously due
to volcanic activity and other factors.
Riken Keikiʼs fixed sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide detectors monitor gas
concentrations around the clock to protect workers and tourists.
6. Food industry
Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are used
in the food industry in packaging
processes to prevent the oxidation of
food. Since these gases are suffocating
gases, Riken Keiki oxygen detectors
are installed in food factories to
protect workers from anoxia.
7. Construction industry
Underground excavation work of
underground tunnel construction and
work inside manholes can expose
workers to hydrogen sulfide
generation and oxygen-deficient
conditions caused by oxygen-
consuming bacteria found in
underground strata. Riken Keikiʼs
portable oxygen detectors and hydrogen sulfide detectors protect workers from
hazards posed by oxygen deficiency and hydrogen sulfide poisoning.
- 43 -
8. Firefighting and rescue

Fire and disaster scenes expose
personnel to various hazards,
including explosions due to
combustible gases, oxygen deficiency,
carbon monoxide poisoning due to
incomplete combustion, and toxic
gases like hydrogen sulfide.
Riken Keikiʼs four-gas personal
monitors are used to monitor four different gases simultaneously. Theyʼre ideal
for situations where the specific hazardous gases present are unknown.
9. Shipping and shipbuilding

Vessels transporting large volumes of
crude oil, LNG, or LPG face the risk of
combustible gas leaks from their cargo
tanks. Riken Keikiʼs fixed gas detectors
monitor for gas leaks. They ensure
swift detection and prevent the
explosions and marine pollution that
leaks may cause.
In addition, Riken Keikiʼs portable gas detectors are worn by workers during
construction work to protect against dangerous oxygen deficiency and toxic gas
poisoning.
10. Aerospace
Rocket fuels incorporate hydrogen, a
highly explosive combustible gas, and
hydrazine, a gas toxic to humans.
Monitoring these gases is essential for
safety.
Explosion-proof gas detectors are used to
ensure safety at locations associated with
high explosion risks̶for example, areas where rocket fuel is handled.
- 44 -
7. Gas detection technologies
7-1. RIKEN Gas sensor technologies
7-1. RIKEN Gas sensor technologies

The Riken Keiki has many gas sensor technologies in order to deal with diverse
environments and gas types in a wide range of industries. In this document, we will
introduce the following 13 types that are typically used in industry.
1. Catalytic Combustion Method

2. New Ceramic Catalytic Method
3. Semi-Conductor Method
4. Hot Wire Type Semi-Conductor Method
5. Thermal Conductivity Method
6. Potentiostatic Electrolysis Method
7. Membrane-Separated Electrode Method
8. Membrane Type Galvanic Cell Method
9. Non-Dispersive Infrared Method
10. Interferometer Method
11. Chemical Tape Method
12. Photo-Ionization Detector
13 Pyrolysis-Particle Detection Method
- 45 -
7-2. Catalytic Combustion Method
7-2. Catalytic Combustion Method
- 46 -
7-3. New Ceramic Catalytic Method
7-3. New Ceramic Catalytic Method
- 47 -
7-4. Semi-Conductor Method
7-4. Semi-Conductor Method
- 48 -
7-5. Hot Wire Type Semi-Conductor Method
7-5. Hot Wire Type Semi-Conductor Method
- 49 -
7-6. Thermal Conductivity Method
7-6. Thermal Conductivity Method
- 50 -
7-7. Potentiostatic Electrolysis Method
7-7. Potentiostatic Electrolysis Method
- 51 -
7-8. Membrane-Separated Electrode Method
7-8. Membrane-Separated Electrode Method
- 52 -
7-9. Membrane Type Galvanic Cell Method
7-9. Membrane Type Galvanic Cell Method
- 53 -
7-10. Non-Dispersive Infrared Method
7-10. Non-Dispersive Infrared Method
- 54 -
7-11. Interferometer Method
7-11. Interferometer Method
- 55 -
7-12. Chemical Tape Method
7-12. Chemical Tape Method
- 56 -
7-13. Photo-Ionization Detector
7-13. Photo-Ionization Detector
- 57 -
7-14. Pyrolysis-Particle Detection Method
7-14. Pyrolysis-Particle Detection Method
- 58 -
8. Selecting Gas Detectors
8-1. Gas detector selection

Gas detection can be based on several different principles. Itʼs essential to select
the correct detection principle for the given target gas type, environment, and
purpose.
1. What gas is to be measured?

① Combustible gas (to prevent explosion)
The following five detection methods are mainly used: catalytic
combustion method, new ceramic catalytic method, semiconductor
method, non-dispersive infrared method, and interferometer method.
Catalytic combustion sensors are typically used in the %LEL range. New
ceramic catalytic sensors are typically used for detection in the range of
10,000 to several thousand ppm. Semiconductor sensors are used for
measurements in the range from several thousand to several tens of ppm.
Non-dispersive infrared and interferometer combustible gas sensors
typically measure gas at %LEL and vol% concentrations. Non-dispersive
infrared and interferometer sensors are physical sensors that do not
involve chemical reactions. They enable consistent gas detection even in
the presence of substances (e.g., halides, sulfides, and silicone) that would
poison catalytic combustion sensors and semiconductor sensors.
② Toxic gas (to prevent poisoning)

Toxic gases generally require high-sensitivity sensors capable of detecting
concentrations in the range of several hundred ppm to several ppb.
Detection methods include semiconductor method, potentiostatic
electrolysis method, pyrolysis-particle detection method, chemical tape
method, and PID method. The detection principle is typically selected
based on the range that allows detection at alarm setpoints or threshold
limit values. Semiconductor sensors detect gas at concentrations on the
order of several tens of ppm to several thousand ppm. Potentiostatic
electrolysis sensors detect gas at concentrations on the order of several
tens of ppm to several tens of ppb. Pyrolysis-particle detection sensors
rely on a sensing principle specifically tailored to detecting organic metal
compounds within semiconductor material gases like TEOS
- 59 -
(tetraethoxysilane). Chemical tape gas detectors offer the advantages of
gas detection at ultra-low concentrations on the order of several ppb.
These detectors are minimally affected by interference gases, making
them ideal for use in environments where other sensor types would suffer
from interference.
③ Oxygen (to prevent anoxia and excess oxygen)

There are two principles used for detecting oxygen: membrane-type
galvanic cell method and potentiostatic electrolysis method. Membrane-
type galvanic cell sensors are the most widely used type, due to their
long-term consistency and resistance to interference. However, these
sensors are likely to become regulated by RoHS in the future due to their
use of lead (Pb). (They are currently exempt.) A range of lead-free
potentiostatic electrolysis sensors are now emerging in light of regulatory
trends.
2. Fixed type or portable type?

Select portable gas detectors if the detectors will be used worn or carried by
workers. Select fixed gas detectors to monitor for gas leaks at a fixed location.
3. Diffusion type or suction type?

Gas detectors are typically one of two different types, based on detection
methods: the diffusion type and the suction type. Suction-type gas detectors
feature a built-in pump that draws in gas from likely leakage points (for
example, on a line or inside enclosures) to the sensor for detection. Diffusion-
type gas sensors are passive gas detectors that detect floating gas that arrives
at the sensor.
4. Multi-gas or single-gas detection?

In addition to portable gas detectors that detect a single gas component, there
are gas detectors that can detect multiple gases simultaneously. The most
basic combination of gases for multi-gas detectors is four components:
combustible gas, toxic gas (H2S or CO), and oxygen. Other gas sensors are
available, depending on the particular product, to detect specific target gas
types.
- 60 -
9. Fixed Gas Detectors
9-1. Explosion-proof Gas Detector Head
Model SD-1 SD-1RI SD-1GH

Type TYPE GP TYPE NC — —
Detection principle Catalytic combustion New ceramic Non-dispersive infrared Semiconductor
Combustible gas or
Gas to be detected Combustible gas toxic gas
0～100%LEL Depending on gas to be 0～100%LEL
Detection range Depending on gas to be detected
detected
Concentration value display 7 segments LED (4 digits) display
Detection method Diffusion type
Within ±25% to the alarm

setpoint value (combustible gas)
Alarm accuracy Within ±25% to the alarm setpoint value Within ±30% to the alarm
setpoint value(toxic gas)
Within 30 or 60 seconds after
giving 1.6 times of gas of alarm
Alarm delay time Within 30 seconds after giving 1.6 times of gas of alarm setpoint value setpoint value (depending on gas
to be detected)
Power supply 24VDC±10%
Power consumption Max. 3.0 W Max. 2.0 W Max. 3.1 W
Operating temperature and -20～+53ºC (no sudden change)
humidity below 95% RH (non-condensing)
Flameproof enclosures Flameproof enclosures Flameproof enclosures
Explosion-proof construction (Ex d IIC T5 X) (Ex d IIC T6 X) (Ex d IIC T5 X)
Approx. 148 (W) × 161 (H) × 88 (D) mm (projection portions excluded)
External dimension/Weight Approx. 2.0 kg
Model SD-1EC SD-1OX

Detection principle Electrochemical Galvanic cell
Gas to be detected Hydrogen sulfide or carbon monoxide Oxygen
Detection method Diffusion type Diffusion type
Hydrogen sulfide: 0 ～ 30 ppm
Detection range Carbon monoxide: 0 ～ 75 ppm 0～25.0vol%
* Changeable
Alarm setpoin value Depending on gas to be detected 18.0 vol% (1-step alarm)
Within 5 seconds after giving gas of 10 ～ 11 vol% and letting it detected
Alarm delay Within 30 seconds after giving 1.6 times of gas of alarm setpoint value in hypoxia alarm
Power consumption Max. 1.1 W Max. 1.1 W
Operating temperature and -10～+40ºC (no sudden change) -10～+40ºC (no sudden change)
humidity 30～80% RH (non-condensing) 95% RH (non-condensing)
Explosion-proof construction Flameproof enclosures (Ex d IIC T6 X) Flameproof enclosures (Ex d IIC T6 X)
Approx. 148 (W) × 203 (H) × 88 (D) mm Approx. 148 (W) × 208 (H) × 88 (D) mm
Dimension/Weight Approx. 2.2 kg Approx. 2.5 kg
- 61 -
Model GD-A2400 SD-2500 SD-2600 SD-2700

Detection principle Catalytic combustion
Gas to be detected Combustible gas
Detection range 0～100%LEL* 0～100%LEL
Concentration value display With an instructor/alarm unit 7 segments LED digital (4 digits)
Detection method Direct insertion type
Alarm delay time Within 30 seconds after giving 1.6 times of gas of alarm setpoint value *1
Supplied by the indicator/ 24VDC (20～26.4VDC)
Power supply 24VDC±10%
alarm unit
Power consumption — Max3 W
In-furnace insertion part: 0～160ºC In-furnace insertion part: In-furnace insertion part:
(no sudden change) 0～200ºC 0～250ºC
Main body case (ambient temperature): 0～50ºC (no sudden change) (no sudden change)
Operating temperature and (no sudden change) Main body case: 0～50ºC Main body case: 0～50ºC
humidity (ambient temperature) (ambient temperature)
(no sudden change) (no sudden change)
Flameproof enclosures Flameproof enclosures

Explosion-proof construction Non-explosion-proof
(Ex d IIC T3) (Ex d IIC T2)
Dimension/Weight In-furnace insertion part: φ34×250/approx. 4.6 kg
Model GD-A80 GD-A80V GD-A80S GD-A80N GD-A80-70

Hot-wire
Catalytic combustion or Thermal Catalytic combustion or
Detection principle Semiconductor Semiconductor
New ceramic conductivity New ceramic
method
Combustible gas, Combustible gas, Combustible gas,
Gas to be detected Combustible gas Combustible gas
Toxic gas Toxic gas Inert gas
Cable such as Cable such as Cable such as Cable such as Cable such as
Transmission cable CVV/4-core CVVS/3-core CVVS/4-core CVVS/4-core CVV/4-core
Transmission distance Depending on each indicator unit
Power supply Supplied by each indicator unit
-40～+70ºC
Operating temperature and -20～+53ºC(no sudden change) (no sudden change)
humidity below 95% RH (non-condensing) Below 95% RH
(non-condensing)
Explosion-proof Flameproof enclosures (explosion-proof: Ex d IIC T4)
construction
Dimension/ Weight Approx. 1.0 kg
- 62 -
Model GD-D58･AC GD-D58･AC･GH GD-D58･DC GD-D58･DC･GH

Combustible gas, Combustible gas,
Toxic gas Toxic gas
Detection method Pump drawing type
Cable such as Shielded cable such as CVVS/3- Cable such as Shielded cable such as CVVS
Transmission cable CVV 4-core *1- or core *1-or CVV 4-core *1- or 3-core *1- or
6-core *2 5-core *2 6-core *2 5-core *2

Power supply 100～110VAC±10％・50/60Hz 24VDC (21.6～26.4VDC)
Operating temperature and -20～+50ºC (no sudden change) -20～+53ºC (no sudden change)
humidity Below 95% RH (non-condensing) Below 95% RH (non-condensing)
Explosion-proof construction Flameproof enclosures (explosion-proof: Exd II B+H2T4)
Dimension/ Weight Approx. 5.8 kg
Model SD-D58･AC SD-D58･AC･GH SD-D58･DC SD-D58･DC･GH

Combustible gas, Combustible gas,
Toxic gas Toxic gas
Concentration value display 7 segments LED degital (4 digits)
Combustible gas: within ±25% of the alarm setpoint value,
Alarm accuracy Toxic gas: within ±30% of the alarm setpoint value.
Within 30 or 60 seconds after giving 1.6 times of gas of alarm setpoint value
Alarm delay time (depending on gas to be detected. Neither piping delay nor communication delay is included.)
Transmission cable Cable such as CVVS 2- or 4-core Cable such as CVVS 3- or 5-core
Power supply 100～110VAC±10％・50/60Hz 24VDC (21.6～26.4VDC)
Operating temperature and -20～+50ºC (no sudden change), -20～+53ºC (no sudden change),
humidity below 95% RH (non-condensing) below 95% RH (non-condensing)
Explosion-proof construction Flameproof enclosures (explosion-proof: Exd II B+H2T4)
External dimension/ Weight Approx. 5.8 kg
Model FI-800
Measuring principle Optical interferometric
Measuring object gas Combustible gas/Solvent vapor/Inert gas
External output 4～20 mA load resistance 300 Ωor less
Concentration value display LCD digital
Detection method Drawing type (introduction with external unit)
Alarm display LED lamp blinking (AL1, AL2)
Alarm contact Dry contact (AL1, AL2)
Fault alarm Decrease of flow rate, light intensity and contrast
100～220 VAC ±10% 50/60 Hz
Power supply power consumption: Max. 8 VA
Explosion-proof Flameproof enclosures (Ex d IIB+H2 T4)
construction
Dimension/Weight Approx. 16 kg
- 63 -
Model GD-K88Ai GD-K88Di

Gas to be detected Toxic gas
Drawing type
Detection method Diffusion type (a pump is separately required)
Detection principle Electrochemical
Detection range Depending on gas to be detected
Concentration value display 7 segments LCD (4 digits)
Transmission system 4～20 mADC loop power (load resistance 300 Ωor less)
Power supply 24VDC±10％
Transmission cable Shielded cable admitted by explosion-proof construction such as CVVS (2-core), etc.
Operating temperature and 0～40ºC (no sudden change)
humidity 30～70% RH (non-condensing)
Explosion-proof construction Intrinsic safety (explosion class: Exia II CT4X) * When safety holder (barrier) is used
Safety holder Zener barrier (MTL728ac)
(recommended) Insulation barrier (MTL5541)
Approx. 100(W)×241(H)×48(D) mm Approx. 220(W)×265(H)×90(D) mm
Dimension (projection portions excluded) (projection portions excluded)
Weight approx. 1.0 kg approx. 2.5 kg
Model GD-F88Ai GD-F88Di

Gas to be detected Oxygen
Drawing type
Detection method Diffusion type (a pump is separately required)
Detection principle Galvanic cell
Detection range 0～25.0vol％
Concentration value display 7 segments LCD (4 digits)
Transmission system 4～20 mADC loop power (load resistance 300 Ωor less)
Power supply 24VDC±10％
Transmission cable Shielded cable admitted by explosion-proof construction such as CVVS (2-core)
Explosion-proof construction Intrinsic safety (Exia II CT4X) * When safety holder (barrier) is used
Safety holder Zener barrier (MTL728ac)
(recommended) Insulation barrier (MTL5541)
Approx. 100(W)×241(H)×48(D) mm Approx. 220(W)×265 (H)×90(D) mm
Dimension (projection portions excluded) (projection portions excluded)
Weight Approx. 1.0 kg Approx. 2.5 kg
Model GD-F3A-A GD-F3A-SC-A GD-F4A-A GD-F4A-SC-A

Detection method Diffusion type Drawing type (a pump is separately required)
Gas to be detected Oxygen
Detection range 0～25.0vol%
Explosion-proof construction Intrinsic safety by the combination with the Zener barrier (Ex ia IIC T4 X)
Cable to be used Equivalent to CVVS 2-core
Depending on the specification of the drawing pump
Power supply — separately used
Current signal Current signal
Detector head signal Sensory output Direct signal Sensory output Direct signal
(4～20mADC) (4～20mADC)
- 64 -
9-2. Non-Explosion-proof Gas Detector Head
Model GD-70D GD-70D-NT GD-70D-EA

Transmission system 4～20 mADC DC Power Line Communication Ethernet /4～20 mADC
Detection principle Electrochemical, New ceramic, Semiconductor, Galvanic cell or Pyrolysis-particle
Gas to be detected Depending on the Detection principle
Character LCD display (white backlight)
Concentration value display Digital & bar meter display: gas concentration, Alarm setpoint value
24VDC±10％ 24 VDC ±10% or
Power supply 24VDC±10％ (dedicated line by blocking filter) PoE connection
24 VDC supply: max. 6.5 W
Power consumption PoE supply: max. 8.5 W
Operating temperature and 0～40ºC (no sudden change)
humidity 30～70% RH (by the installed sensor unit, and non-condensing)
Approx. 70(W)×120(H)×145(D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Dimension/Weight Approx. 0.9 kg
Model FP-300 Model FP-330

Detection principle Chemical tape method Detection principle Chemical tape method
Gas to be detected Toxic gas: Semiconductor special material gas Gas to be detected Formaldehyde
Within ±20% of alarm setpoint value (under the same Detection range 0.000～0.500ppm 0.00～1.00ppm 0.0～5.0ppm
Alarm accuracy condition)
Ｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｃｙｃｌｅ 30min 10min 3min
1 month (without alarm) Remaining tape quantity
Detection tape and time used indication provided With a prior notice and warning of tape 1 month (without alarm) Remaining tape quantity indication
Detection tape and time used
end provided With a prior notice and warning of tape end
Alarm setpoint value (2 steps) Depending on gas to be detected External output signal 4～20 mADC (load resistance 300 Ωor less)
External output signal 4～20 mADC (load resistance 300 Ωor less) Power supply 100 VAC ±10% 50/60 Hz
Desktop: 100～240 VAC ±10% 50/60 Hz Power consumption 48 VA or less
Power supply Panel mount type: 24 VDC ±10% Ｄimensions Approx. 164(W)×198(H)×263(D) mm
Desktop: approx. 16 VA/max. 30 VA (tape feeding)
Power consumption Weight Approx. 6.5 kg
Panel mount type: Approx. 10 W/max. 20 W (tape feeding)
Desktop: Approx. 164(W)×198(H)×263(D) mm
Dimensions Panel mount type: Approx. 164(W)×164 (H)×263(D) mm
Desktop: Approx. 6.5 kg
Weight Panel mount type: Approx. 5.5 kg
- 65 -
Model OX-600 EC-600

Gas to be detected Oxygen Carbon monoxide
Detection method Diffusion type or remote detection method
Detection principle Galvanic cell Electrochemical
Detection range 0～25.0 vol% (1 digit: 0.1 vol%) 0～150 ppm (1 digit: 1 ppm)
Concentration value display LCD digital display (3 digit 7 segment/3 color backlight: green, orange and red) *1
Length of remote cable 3 m, 5 m, 10 m, 20 m
Gas alarm: 2 step alarm (fault alarm pattern/cancel with reset switch)
Kind of alarm Fault alarm: System abnormal, sensor abnormal (non latching (auto-reset))
Alarm setpoint value 1st: 19.0vol％ 2nd: 18.0vol％ 1st: 50ppm 2nd: 100ppm
Alarm history record 10 records from the latest (least concentration and generated date)
4～20 mADC (non-insulated, load resistance 300 Ωor less) or
External output 0～1 VDC (non-insulated) *2
Alarm contact Dry contact 1a or 1b each, Contact capacity 125 VAC 1 A or30 VDC 1 A (resistance load)
Operating temperature and -10～+40ºC (no sudden change), 0～+40ºC (no sudden change),
humidity below 90% RH (non-condensing) below 90% RH (non-condensing)
Power supply 100 VAC ±10% 50/60 Hz or 24 VDC ±10% or 2 size AA alkaline battery
Power consumption AC specification: Max. 5 VA DC specification: Max. 3 W
Continuous operating time approx. 1 year (25ºC, without Alarm, backlight off)
(dry battery specification)
Main body: Approx. 80(W)×120(H)×35.5(D) mm
Dimensions Remote sensor: Approx. 40(W)×96 (H)×35.5(D) mm (projection portions excluded)
AC specification: Approx. 200 g, DC specification: Approx. 180 g
Weight Dry battery specification: Approx. 230 g
Remote sensor: Approx. 55 g (cable excluded)
- 66 -
9-3. Indicator/alarm unit
GP-5001 EC-5002 EC- OX-5002 OX- RM-5002 RM- Buzzer unit

Model NP-5001 SP-5001 GH-5001 OX-5001 RM-5003T
NC-5001(W) 5002i 5002i 5002i RM-5003 TAN-5000(L)
Catalytic General
Detection principle of Thermal Hot-wire semi- Electrochemical
combustion Semi-conductor Pyrolysis- Galvanic cell measure-ment Semi-conductor —
suited detector head conductivity conductor particle
New ceramic signal
Combustible gas,
Combustible gas, Carbon
Gas for indication Combustible gas Combustible gas, Toxic gas Toxic gas Oxygen Toxic gas, Oxygen, —
Inert gas monoxide
etc.
Detector Current signal Sensory output Current signal Current signal
Direct signal of sensor output —
head signal (4～20mADC) Direct signal (4～20mADC) (4～30mADC)
Within 2.0 km Within 2.0 km Within 2.0 km 2 Within 600 m Within 2.0 km
Transmission distance to Within 2.0 km with CVVS 2.0 mm Depending on detector head to be
with CVV 2.0 with CVVS 2.0 with CVV 2.0 with CVVS 2.0 with CVVS 2.0 —
the detector head cable connected.
mm2 cable mm2 cable mm2 cable mm2 cable mm2 cable
Concentration value Character LCD (digital and bar meter <3 colors: green, orange, red>) —
display
Operating temperature -10～+40ºC (no sudden change), below 10～90% RH (non-condensing)
and humidity
Alarm contact Dry contact 1a or 1b each (2 step independent) De-energized in a normal state (energized at an alarm state) or energized in a normal state (de-energized at an alarm state)
Power supply 24VDC (21.6～26.4VDC)
Max. 3 W Max. 2 W Max. 3 W Max. 2 W Max. 5 W
Power consumption Max. 7 W (detector head included) (detector head (detector head (detector head (detector head (detector head Max. 2 W
included) included) included) excluded) excluded)
Dimensions Approx. 29.6 (W) × 120 (H) × 92 (D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Weight Approx. 100 g (only for unit) approx. 80 g
Model GP-147
Detection principle of suited Catalytic combustion type, New ceramic type
detector head
Gas for indication Combustible gas
0～6～12 VDC (10 mA or less) [standard] or
Detector head signal 4～20 mADC (load resistance 300 Ωor less) [option]
Within 300 m with CVV 0.75 mm2 cable
Transmission distance to the
detector head Within 500 m with CVV 1.25 mm2 cable
Within 500 m with CVV 2.0 mm2 cable
Concentration value display Character LCD (bar meter display of 2 colors (red and green))
Operating temperature and -10～+50ºC (no sudden change), 10～90% RH (non-condensing)
humidity
Dry 1a contact [standard] or 1b contact [option]
Alarm contact (contact capacity: 250 VAC 1 A)
100～120 VAC or 200～240 VAC
Power supply Input automatic switching between 50/60 Hz
UPS Lead battery 12 V 2.3 Ah × 2 pieces
(uninterrupted power supply) * With backup point selecting function
2 point type: Approx. 305(W)×290(H)×73(D) mm/approx.3.9kg
Dimension/Weight 8 point type: Approx. 575(W)×290(H)×73(D) mm/approx.6.6kg
- 67 -
GP-6001
Model SP-6001 GH-6001 EC-6002 OX-6001 OX-6002 RM-6002 RM-6003 RM-6003T
NC-6001 (W)
Detection principle of Catalytic combustion Hot-wire Electro-chemical Carbon monoxide
Semiconductor Galvanic cell General measurement signal
suited detector head New ceramic Semiconductor Pyrolysis-particle (CO)
Semiconductor
Combustible gas, Toxic gas Oxygen, etc.
Gas for indication Combustible gas Combustible gas, Toxic gas Toxic gas Oxygen detector head
(general measurement signal) (GD-A44V)
Current signal Direct signal of Current signal Current signal
Detector head signal Direct signal of sensor output (4～20mADC) sensor output (4～20mADC) (4～30mADC)
1st: ALM1 red lamp blinking or lighting (after reset) and buzzer sounding
Alarm display 2nd: ALM2 red lamp blinking or lighting (after reset) and buzzer sounding
Dry contact 1a or 1b each (2 step independent)
Alarm contact De-energized in a normal state (energized at an alarm state) or energized in a normal state (de-energized at an alarm state)
Power supply AC specification: 100～240 VAC ±10% 50/60 Hz, DC specification: 24 VDC ±10% (21.6～26.4 VDC) [option]
Power consumption Max.15VA Max.11.5VA Max.7.5VA Max.6.5VA Max.7.5VA Max.7.5VA Max.10.5VA
(pump excluded) * Max.8.5W Max.6W Max.3.5W Max.3W Max.3.5W Max.3.5W Max.7.5W
External output 4～20 mADC (non-insulated, load resistance 300 Ωor less)/digital transmission: RS-485 [option]
Dimension/Weight wall type: 580 g, embedding type: 650 g
- 68 -
10. Portable Gas Detectors
10
10-1. Multi Gas Detector (Multi-sensor)
Model GX-3R
Gas to be detected HC / CH4 O2 H2S CO
TYPE List
Detection principle New ceramic Electrochemical
Detection range 0～100％ LEL 0～40.0vol％ 0～200.0ppm 0～2000ppm TYPE Gas to be Detected
1digit 1％ LEL 0.1vol％ 0.1ppm 1ppm 4 gas TYPE A LEL / O2 / H2S / CO
1st 10％LEL 1st 19.5vol％ 1st 5.0ppm 1st 25ppm TYPE B LEL / O2 / H2S
2nd 25％LEL 2nd 18.0vol％ 2nd 30.0ppm 2nd 50ppm 3 gas TYPE C LEL / O2 / CO
Alarm setpoint value 3rd 50％LEL 3rd 23.5vol％ 3rd 100.0ppm 3rd 1200ppm
OVER 100％LEL OVER 40.0vol％ TWA 1.0ppm TWA 25ppm TYPE CH * LEL / O2 / CO
STEL 5.0ppm STEL 200ppm TYPE D LEL / O2
OVER 200.0ppm OVER 2000ppm
Operating temperature -40～ +60ºC at a constant condition (intermittent) TYPE E O2 / H2S
and humidity 0～95%RH non-condensing (intermittent) TYPE F O2 / CO
2 gas
Power supply Lithium ion battery TYPE FH * O2 / CO
Continuous operating Approx. 40 hours (with long-battery, at 25ºC, no alarm, no lighting) TYPE I LEL / CO
time * Approx. 25 hours (at 25ºC, no alarm, no lighting)
TYPE IH * LEL / CO
Dimension / Weight Approx. 58(W)×65(H)×26(D)mm (projection portions excluded) / Approx. 100g
1 gas TYPE K H2S
Explosion proof class Ex ia IIC T4 Ga
Protection level IP66/68 equivalent * Reduced H2 interference CO sensor
*Depends on sensor type.
Model GX-3R Pro

Gas to be detected List of Gas to be Detected
Detection principle Gas to be Detection Detection
Refer to the following "List of Gas to be Detected". 1 digit
Detection range detected principle range
1digit Combustible gas New ceramic 0～100％LEL 1％LEL
(HC/CH4)
Japanese/English/French/Spanish/Portuguese/German/Italian/
Language Oxygen
Russian/Korean/Chinese (SC & TC) 0～40.0vol％ 0.1vol％
(O2)
Operating temperature -40～ +60ºC at a constant condition (intermittent)
and humidity 0～95%RH non-condensing (intermittent) Hydrogen sulfide 0～200.0ppm 0.1ppm
(H2S)
Lithium ion battery unit BUL-3R or Electrochemical
Power supply Carbon monoxide
Dry battery unit BUD-3R (2 AAA alkaline dry batteries) 0～2000ppm 1ppm
(CO)
Continuous operating Approx. 40 hours (with long-battery, at 25ºC, no alarm, no lighting)
time * Approx. 25 hours (at 25ºC, no alarm, no lighting) Sulfur dioxide 0～100.00ppm 0.05ppm
(SO2)
BUL-3R in use : Approx. 73(W)×65(H)×26(D)mm (projection portions excluded)
Dimension Carbon dioxide Non-dispersive 0～10.00vol％ 0.01vol％
BUD-3R in use : Approx. 73(W)×65(H)×34(D)mm (projection portions excluded)
(CO2) infrared 0～10000ppm 20ppm
BUL-3R in use : Approx. 120g
Weight BUD-3R in use : Approx. 140g
Protection level IP66/68 equivalent
Bluetooth Bluetooth 4.2 (Bluetooth Low Energy)
*Depends on sensor type.
- 69 -
Model GX-6000
Gas alarm: 2-step alarm, TWA, STEL, OVER alarm
Alarm type Fault alarm: system error, sensor error, battery voltage drop, calibration defect, decreased flow
Other: Panic alarm, Man-down alarm*1
Gas alarming: blinking lamp, buzzer continuous modulated sound, gas concentration display and blinking alarm details, vibration
Alarm display Fault alarming: blinking lamp, buzzer on and off, displayed fault details
Other: blinking lamp, buzzer continuous modulated sound
Warning buzzer sound 95 dB(A) or higher (30 cm) (with the protection cover)
pressure
Drawing flow rate 0.45 L/min or more (open flow rate)
Display LCD digital (full dot display)
Display language English / Japanese / French / Spanish / Portuguese / German / Italian / Russian / Korean
Power supply Lithium-ion battery unit or dry battery unit <Three size AA alkaline batteries*2>
Lithium-ion battery unit: approx. 14 hours (25ºC, fully charged, without alarm nor illumination)
Continuous operating time Dry battery unit: approx. 8 hours (25ºC, new dry battery, without alarm nor illumination)
Operating temperature -20 ～ +50℃
Operating relative humidity Below 95% RH (non-condensing)
Dimension Approx. 70(W) × 201(H) × 54(D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Weight Approx. 500 g (lithium-ion battery unit is used) / Approx. 450 g (dry battery unit is used)
Protection level IP67 equivalent
Explosion proof class Ⅱ 1G Ex ia ⅡC T4 Ga
Certifications and Approvals ATEX Explosion-proof authorized, IECEx authorized, CE Marking approved, TIIS Explosion-proof authorized
Function LCD backlight, data logger, peak value display, log data display, several languages displayed, screen inversion, LED light
*1 Normally the man-down alarm function is set to OFF. To use this function, please contact RIKEN KEIKI.
*2 To meet requirements of explosion-proof capabilities, use dry batteries described in Certificates of Conformity of the Explosion-proof
Construction of Electric Equipment and Devices.
Model GX-2012/GX-2012GT
Gas to be detected HC/CH4 O2 H2S CO
Detection principle Hot-wire semiconductor New ceramic/ Galvanic cell Electrochemical
Thermal conductivity
Detection range 0~500ppm(HC) 0～100％ LEL/ 0～25.0vol％ 0～30.0ppm 0～150ppm
<510~2000 ppm>(HC) ～100vol％* (～40.0vol％) (～500ppm)
0~2000 ppm(CH4)
<2010~5000 ppm>(CH4)
Alarm setpoint value 1st 10％LEL L Alarm 19.5vol％ 1st 5.0ppm 1st 25ppm
2nd 50％LEL LL Alarm 23.5vol％ 2nd 30.0ppm 2nd 50ppm
OVER 100％LEL OVER 40.0vol％ TWA 10.0ppm TWA 25ppm
STEL 15.0ppm STEL 200ppm
Operating temperature and -20 ～ +50ºC and below 95% RH (no condensing)
humidity
Power supply Dedicated dry battery unit <AA alkaline dry batteries x 3> [BUD-2012]
(Dedicated lithium ion battery unit [BUL-2012(G1)] can also be used)
Continuous operating time BUD-2012: About 15 hours (25ºC, no alarm, and no lighting)
BUL-2012(G1): About 10 hours (25ºC, no alarm, no lighting, and battery fully charged)
Dimension Approx. 71 (W) x 173 (H) x 43 (D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Weight Approx. 360 g (When BUD-2012 is used)/Approx. 360 g (When BUL-2012(G1) are used)
Explosion-proof class Ⅱ1G Ex ia ⅡC T4 Ga
- 70 -
TYPE Gas to be detected

5 gas TYPE A HC or CH4(%LEL, vol%）/ O2 / H2S / CO
4 gas TYPE B HC or CH4(%LEL, vol%）/ O2 / H2S / CO
TYPE C HC or CH4 or C2H2(%LEL）/ O2 / H2S
3 gas TYPE D HC or CH4(%LEL）/ O2 / CO
TYPE E HC or CH4 or H2(%LEL, vol%）/ O2
2 gas TYPE F HC or CH4 or C2H2(%LEL）/ O2
Model GX-8000
Gas to be detected HC/CH4/H2/C2H2 O2 H2S CO
New ceramic/
Detection principle Galvanic cell Electrochemical
Thermal conductivity
0～100％ LEL/
Detection range 0～40.0vol％ 0～100.0ppm 0～500ppm
～100vol％*
1 digit 1％ LEL/1vol％ 0.1vol％ 0.5ppm 1ppm
1st 10％ LEL L Alarm 19.5vol％ 1st 5.0ppm 1st 25ppm
2nd 50％ LEL H Alarm 23.5vol％ 2nd 30.0ppm 2nd 50ppm
Alarm setpoint value OVER 100％ LEL OVER 40.0vol％ TWA 5.0ppm TWA 25ppm
STEL 5.0ppm STEL 200ppm
Operating temperature and -20 ～ +50ºC and below 95% RH (no condensing)
humidity
Power supply Lithium-ion battery unit (standard) or dry battery unit <3 AA alkaline battery> (option)
Lithium-ion battery unit: Approx. 12 hours (fully charged, 25ºC, without alarm nor illumination)
Continuous operating time Dry battery unit: Approx. 6 hours (25ºC, without alarm nor illumination)
Approx. 154(W)×81(H)×127(D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Dimension/ Weight Approx. 1.1 kg (lithium-ion battery unit is used) and Approx. 1.0 kg (dry battery unit is used)
Explosion-proof class Ⅱ1G Ex ia ⅡC T4 Ga
GP-1000/NC-1000 List of Gas to be detected

Lower Reading from Reading from
No. List of Gas kind Display Explosive Limit methane in a isobutane in a
LEL different way different way
1 Methane CH4 5.0vol% ― ×
2 Isobutane i-C4H10 1.8vol% ○ ―
3 Hydrogen H2 4.0vol% ○ ○
4 Methanol CH3OH 5.5vol% ○ ○
5 Acetylene C2H2 1.5vol% ○ ○
6 Ethylene C2H4 2.7vol% ○ ○
7 Ethane C2H6 3.0vol% ○ ×
8 Ethanol C2H5OH 3.3vol% ○ ○
9 Propylene C3H6 2.0vol% ○ ○
10 Acetone C3H6O 2.15vol% ○ ○
11 Propane C3H8 2.0vol% ○ ×
12 Butadiene C4H6 1.1vol% ○ ○
13 Cyclopentane C5H10 1.4vol% ○ ○
14 Benzene C6H6 1.2vol% ○ ○
15 n-hexane n-C6H14 1.2vol% ○ ○
16 Toluene C7H8 1.2vol% ○ ○
17 Heptane n-C7H16 1.1vol% ○ ○
18 Xylene C8H10 1.0vol% ○ ○
19 Ethyl acetate EtAc 2.1vol% ○ ○
20 IPA IPA 2.0vol% ○ ○
21 MEK MEK 1.8vol% ○ ○
22 Methyl methacrylate MMA 1.7vol% ○ ○
23 Dimethyl ether DME 3.0vol% ○ ○
24 Methyl isobutyl ketone MIBK 1.2vol% ○ ○
25 Tetrahydrofuran THF 2.0vol% ○ ○
Note 1) The alarm accuracy and response time, etc. are confirmed only by the calibration gas.
Note 2) Please contact RIKEN KEIKI in the case that calibration with other than methane, isobutane and
hydrogen is required.
Note 3) Please note that switching of kind of detection gas is impossible if the calibration is implemented using
other than methane and isobutane.
Model GP-1000 NC-1000 NP-1000 NP-1000 List of Gas to be detected

Gas to be detected Combustible gas and others No. List of Gas kind Display
Detection principle Catalytic combustion New ceramic Thermal conductivity 1 Methane CH4
0～100％ LEL 0～10000ppm 0～100 vol％ 2 Propane C3H8
<Automatic range switching> <Automatic range switching> <Automatic range switching> 3 Isobutane i-C4H10
Detection range 4 Argon Ar
Low range：0～10％LEL Low range：0～1000ppm Low range : 0～10vol％
High range：0～100％LEL High range：0～10000ppm High range : 0～100vol％ 5 Helium He
1st 10％LEL 1st 250ppm ＊ Hydorogen H2
Alarm setpoint value Factory setting : OFF
2nd 50％LEL 2nd 500ppm ＊Hydrogen is detected by NP-1000 H2 version. H2
Operating temperature version cannot convert the reading to other
-20 ～ +50ºC and below 95% RH (non-condensing)
and humidity gases.
Power supply 4 AA alkaline battery
Approx. 20 hours＊
Continuous operating time (new dry battery, 25ºC, without alarm nor illumination, and pump Low mode) NP-1000 List of Base Gas
Approx. 80(W) × 124(H) × 36(D) mm (projection portions excluded) No. List of Gas kind Display
Dimension/ Weight Approx. 260 g (dry battery is excluded). 1 Air Air
Explosion proof class Ex ia IIC T4 2 Nitrogen N2
Protection level IP67 equivalent 3 Carbon dioxide CO2
＊Different depending on the specification
- 71 -
10-2. Single Gas Detector (Single-sensor)
Model OX-08
Gas to be detected O2
Detection range 0～40.0vol％
1 digit 0.1vol％
Alarm setpoint value Gas alarm 18.0vol％
OVER 40.0vol％
Operating temperature -20～ +50℃, 10～95％RH (no condensing)
and humidity
Power supply 2 AAA alkaline battery
Continuous operating time Approx. 20000 hours (25ºC without alarm nor illumination)
Dimension/ Weight Approx. 68(W) × 150(H) × 49(D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Approx. 290 g (dry battery included)
Model GP-03 OX-03 CO-03 HS-03

Gas to be detected HC / CH4 O2 CO H2S
Detection principle New ceramic Galvanic cell Electrochemical Electrochemical
Detection range 0～100％LEL 0～40.0vol％ 0～500ppm 0～100.0ppm
1 digit 1％LEL 0.1vol％ 1ppm 0.5ppm
Alarm setpoint value 1st 25ppm 1st 5.0ppm
1st 10％LEL L alarm 19.5vol％ 2nd 50ppm 2nd 30.0ppm
2nd 50％LEL H alarm 23.5vol％ TWA 25ppm TWA 10.0ppm
OVER OVER 40.0vol％ STEL 200ppm STEL 15.0ppm
OVER 500ppm OVER 100.0ppm
Operating temperature -20～ +50℃ -20～ +50℃ -20～ +50℃
and humidity Below 90％RH (no condensing) Below 95％RH (no condensing) 16～85％RH (no condensing)
Power supply 2 AAA alkaline battery
Continuous operating time Approx. 35 hours Approx. 3000 hours
(25ºC, without alarm nor illumination) (25ºC without alarm nor illumination)
Dimension/ Weight Approx. 54(W) × 67(H) × 24(D) mm / Approx. 80 g
- 72 -
Model SC-8000 List of Gas to be detected

Gas to be detected Refer to the list of target gases above PH3 Br2 Cl2 H2Se HI
Detection principle Electrochemical AsH3 NO O3 ClF3 H2S
Detection range SiH4 NO2 F2 HCN SO2
1 digit Depending on gas to be detected B2H6 HF NH3 PF3
Alarm setpoint value HCl CO HBr GeH4
Operating temperature -10～ +40ºC, 30～70% RH (no condensing)
and humidity
Dry battery unit <3 AA alkaline battery> (standard)
Power supply or lithium-ion battery unit (option)
Dry battery unit: For approx. 18 hours (25ºC, without alarm nor illumination)
Continuous operating time Lithium-ion battery unit: For approx. 25 hours (fully charged, 25ºC, without alarm nor illumination)
Approx. 154(W) × 154(H) × 81(D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Dimension/ Weight Approx. 1.0 kg (dry battery unit used) and Approx. 1.1 kg (lithium-ion battery used)
Explosion proof class Ex ia IIC T4
Model FI-8000
Type TYPE P TYPE A
Measuring method Automatic drawing type with built-in pump Manual drawing type with hand aspirator
Gas to be detected Anaestheic gas / Fumigation gas / Combustible gas / Calorific value etc.
Measuring principle Optical inferferometric
Measuring range Depending on the measuring object gas
Indication accuracy ±3% of reading (under the same condition) *
Operating temperature -20 ～ +50ºC and below 95% RH (non-condensing)
and humidity
Power supply Dry battery unit <3 AA alkaline battery> (standard)
or lithium-ion battery unit (option)
Continuous operating time Approx. 12 hours Approx. 16 hours
(new dry battery, 25ºC, without illumination) (new dry battery, 25ºC, without illumination)
Dimension/ Weight Approx. 154(W) × 81(H) × 127(D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Approx. 1.1 kg (dry battery unit is used) / Approx. 1.2 kg (lithium-ion battery unit is used)
Explosion proof class Ex ia IIC T4
* The indication accuracy is different depending on the measuring object gas.
- 73 -
Model SP-220
Type TYPE M TYPE L TYPE ML TYPE F TYPE H2 TYPE FUM TYPE SC
City gas / LPG
Gas to be detected City gas LPG Refer to the "List of gas to be detected" above
(switch)
Calibration gas CH4 i-C4H10 CH4/i-C4H10 * i-C4H10 H2/CH4 * PH3
Detection principle Hot-wire semiconductor
Detection range 10～10000ppm Depending on gas to be detected
Initial value: 30 ppm
Alarm setpoint value Depending on gas to be detected
(possible to set by 5 steps of 10, 30, 150, 500, and 2000 ppm)
Operating temperature
and humidity -20 ～ +55ºC and below 95% RH (non-condensing)
Power supply 2 AA alkaline battery
Continuous operating Approx. 13 hours (20ºC, without alarm nor illumination)
time
Approx. 43(W) × 200(H) × 39(D) mm (the taper nozzle is excluded)
Dimension/ Weight Approx. 215 g (dry battery is excluded).
Explosion proof class Ex ia IIC T4 Non Explosion-proof
Protection class IP55 equivalent
* Two-gas calibration
- 74 -
11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors
11
11. Typical Applications for

Portable Gas Detectors
11-1. Applications in Automotive Market
- 75 -
11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors 11-1. Applications in Automotive Market
- 76 -
- 77 -
- 78 -
- 79 -
- 80 -
11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors 11-2. Applications in Steel Market
11-2. Applications in Steel Market
- 81 -
- 82 -
- 83 -
- 84 -
11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors 11-3. Applications in Fumigation Market
11-3. Applications in Fumigation Market
- 85 -
- 86 -
- 87 -
- 88 -
11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors 11-4. Applications in Pharmaceutical Market
11-4. Applications in Pharmaceutical Market
- 89 -
- 90 -
- 91 -
- 92 -
- 93 -
11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors 11-5. Applications in Food Product
11-5. Applications in Food Product
- 94 -
- 95 -
- 96 -
- 97 -
- 98 -
- 99 -
- 100 -
- 101 -
11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors 11-6. Applications at Universities and Research
Institutions
11-6. Applications at Universities and Research Institutions
- 102 -
Institutions
- 103 -
Institutions
- 104 -
Institutions
- 105 -
Institutions
- 106 -
Institutions
- 107 -
11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors 11-7. Applications in Gas Market
11-7. Applications in Gas Market
- 108 -
- 109 -
- 110 -
- 111 -
11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors 11-8. Applications in Electric Power Market
11-8. Applications in Electric Power Market
- 112 -
- 113 -
- 114 -
- 115 -
- 116 -
- 117 -
- 118 -
- 119 -
- 120 -
- 121 -
11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors 11-9. Applications in Paper Manufacturing Market
11-9. Applications in Paper Manufacturing Market
- 122 -
- 123 -
- 124 -
- 125 -
- 126 -
11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors 11-10. Applications in Oil and Fossil Fuel Market
11-10. Applications in Oil and Fossil Fuel Market
- 127 -
- 128 -
- 129 -
- 130 -
- 131 -
- 132 -
- 133 -
12. Standards and Certification 12-1. ATEX
12
12. Standards and Certification
12-1. ATEX
Directive 94/9/EC
Equipment and Protective Systems Intended for Use in Potentially Explosive
Atmospheres
ATEX directive
Compliance with the ATEX directive became compulsory within the EU from July
1, 2013 for equipment used in potentially explosive atmospheres.
■ CE marking and ATEX

The ATEX directive forms part of the CE marking applicability and incorporates
previous European explosion-proof standards.
■ Purposes of the ATEX directive

The ATEX directive has the following main purposes:
◎Preventing electrostatic charge
◎Preventing ignition from sparks generated by friction, impact, or wear
◎Preventing ignition due to temperature increases due to the above
◎The manufacturer assumes responsibility.
◎Separate certification by zone and category
- 134 -
12. Standards and Certification 12-2. IECEx
■ Zone/category classification
ATEX divides applicability to individual hazardous locations (zones) into different
categories.
Product protection Likelihood of presence of explosive atmosphere

Zone
level (zone)
Continuously or long-term
Zone 0 Category 1
> 1,000 hours/year
Occasionally
Zone 1 Category 2
10 to 1,000 hours/year
Unlikely or short-term
Zone 2 Category 3
< 10 hours/year
12-2. IECEx
IECEx is managed by industry representatives including governing bodies,
manufacturers, and end users to ensure compliance with worldwide standards for
safety of equipment used in hazardous locations (Ex).
The IECEx Scheme is an international certification scheme covering equipment
that meet the r equirements of International Standards; most notably IEC 60079.
EN/IEC 60079-0 General Requirements Marking
Gas Zones
Gas Zones Definition EPL Required Protection
Methane Mines with methane and dust. Equipment remains Ma Two Faults
energised in explosive atmosphere
Methane Mines with methane and dust. Equipment is Mb Severe Normal
de-energized in explosive atmosphere
Zone 0 Explosive atmosphere present continuously Ga Two Faults
or for long periods, frequently
Zone 1 Explosive atmosphere is likely to occur Gb One Fault
under normal conditions, occasionally
Zone 2 Explosive atmosphere is unlikely to occur under normal Gc Normal
conditions, short periods
Gas Zo
- 135 -
12. Standards and Certification 12-2. IECEx
Protection Concept - Electrical - Gas

Type of Protection Reference
(electrical - gas)
Flameproof - Ex d / da / db / dc EN/IEC 60079-1
Intrinsic Safety - Ex i / ia / ib / ic EN/IEC 60079-11
Gas Groups
Gas Groups Gases are classified according to the ignitability of the gas/air
mixture as defined in EN/IEC 60079-20-1
IIA Acetic Acid, Acetone, Ammonia, Butane, Cyclohexane,
Propane, Gasoline (petrol),
Methane (natural gas, non-mining), Toluene, Xylene.
Methanol (methyl alcohol), Propane-2-ol (iso-propyl alcohol) etc.
IIB Group IIA gases plus, Di-ethyl ether, Ethylene, Ethanol
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), Propane-1-ol (n-propyl alcohol) etc.
IIC Group IIA and IIB gases plus, Acetylene, Hydrogen etc.
Temperature Class
Temperature Class Highest tempera ture achieved
under the most adverse equipment rating and heating
conditions. (Flashpoint temperature of some gases)
T1: 450℃ Ammonia (630℃), Hydrogen (560℃),
Methane (537℃), Propane (470℃)
T2: 300℃ Ethylene (425℃), Butane (372℃), Acetylene (305℃)
T3: 200℃ Cyclohexane (259℃), Kerosene (210℃)
T4: 135℃ Di-ethyl Ether (160℃)
T5: 100℃ —
T6: 85℃ Carbon Disulphate (95℃)
- 136 -
13. Product Ingress Protection Rating 12-2. IECEx
13
13. Product Ingress Protection

Rating
Enclosure ingress protection rating
A coded rating is currently widely used to indicate the level of protection in the case of
ingress of liquids and solid matter into the enclosure. This classification also covers the
protection of persons if they come into contact with charged or moving parts inside the
enclosure. Note that this complements protection ratings for electronic equipment used in
hazardous areas. It does not replace these protection ratings.
In Europe, the letters “IP” are used to indicate the protection rating, followed by two
digits indicating the level of protection. The first digit indicates the level of protection for
persons against contact with internal charged or moving parts. The second digit indicates
enclosure protection in the case of water ingress. For example, an enclosure marked IP65
offers full protection (dust protection) against contact with charged and moving parts and
protection against water spray or water flow ingress. This is suited to gas detectors such
as controllers. Note the need to ensure adequate cooling of the electronic equipment.
The two-digit IP code is a shortened form widely used in the UK. The comprehensive
international version uses three digits rather than two digits after the IP letters (e.g.,
IP653). The third digit indicates impact resistance. The following table shows the
meaning of the digits:
Third Numeral Meaning
0 No Protection
1 Impact of 0.225 Joule (150g weight dropped from 15cm)
4 (No meaning)
6 (No meaning)
7 Impact of 6.0 Joule (1.5kg weight dropped from 40cm)
8 (No meaning)
9 Impact of 6.0 Joule (5kg weight dropped from 40cm)
- 137 -
13. Product Ingress Protection Rating 12-2. IECEx
IP codes (IEC / EN 60529)

Protection rating (IP) codes (IEC / EN 60529)
First Numeral Second Numeral
Protection against solid bodies IP Protection against liquid
No protection 0 0 No Protection
Objects greater than 50mm 1 1 Vertically dripping water
Objects greater than 12mm 2 2 Angled dripping water -75°to 90°
Objects greater than 2.5mm 3 3 Splashed water
Objects greater than 1.0mm 4 4 Sprayed water
Dust protected 5 5 Water jets
Dust tight 6 6 Heavy seas
7 Effects of immersion(defined in minutes)
8 Indefinite immersion
Example: IP67 is dust tight and protected against the effects of immersion
In North America, the NEMA system is used to evaluate enclosures. The following table
compares the NEMA system to the IP ratings.
NEMA,UL and CSA type rating Approximate IEC/IP Code Description
1 IP20 Indoor, from contact with contents
2 IP22 Indoor, limited, falling dirt and water
Outdoor from rain, sleet, windblown dust
3 IP55
and ice damage
3R IP24 Outdoor from rain, sleet and ice damage
Indoor and outdoor, from windblown dust,
4 IP66 splashing and hose directed water and ice
damage
Indoor and outdoor, from corrosion,
4X IP66 windblown dust, rain, splashing and hose
directed water and ice damage
Indoor and outdoor, from hose directed
6 IP67 water, water entry during submersion and
ice damage
Indoor, from dust, falling dirt and dripping
12 IP54
non corrosive liquids
Indoor, from dust, falling dirt and dripping
13 IP54
non corrosive liquids
- 138 -
14. Maintenance 12-2. IECEx
14
14. Maintenance
Gas detectors and alarms are special devices that require expert knowledge and
experience for maintenance, because they vary significantly by type, they must detect
target gases at extremely low concentrations or with high chemical activity, and careful
handling of hazardous substances is required. Maintenance is particularly important to
maintain the reliability of these devices since they are used in diverse and often harsh
environments.
Riken Keiki operates a network of sales and maintenance bases worldwide. The service
engineers in each country undergo periodic maintenance training and are certified to
improve and ensure high-quality maintenance service. We encourage you to contact
Riken Keiki for any maintenance needs related to gas detectors and alarms.
The Riken Keiki sales and maintenance network
Affiliate
Sales agent
- 139 -

Gas Detection

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Gas Detection

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Gas Detection

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TDE0109-0

2-1. Air composition

2-2. Gas hazards

* GHS: Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of

3. Combustible Gas Hazards

3-1. Three elements necessary for combustion

The combustion of a substance requires three elements: ① a combustible substance;

Three elements necessary for combustion

3-2. Explosive Limit

0 %LEL 50 %LEL 100 %LEL

3-3. Combustible vapor

1. Saturated vapor pressure

ethanol and water. Since the boiling

Vapor pressure [kPa]

100 °C at 101.3 kPa. In other words, Water

the saturated water vapor

swabbed with sterilizing ethanol before

3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases

ISO IEC60079-20-1 RIKEN

310 8006-64-2 Turpentine oil - 0.8 0.8

329 7784-42-1 Arsine 3.9 - 5.1

330 74-83-9 Bromomethan 8.6 - 8.6

331 590-19-2 1,2-Butadiene 1.4 -

332 624-64-6 trans-Butene 1.5 -

333 75-68-3 Chlorodifluoroethane (R142b) 6.3 - 7.8

334 460-19-5 Cyanogen 3.9 -

335 7782-39 Deuterium 6.7 - 5.0

336 19287-45-7 Diborane 0.9 - 0.8

337 4109-96-0 Dichlorosilane 2.5 - 4.1

338 75-37-6 Difluoroethane (R152a) 4.0 - 3.7

339 463-82-1 Dimethylpropane (neopentane) 1.3 -

340 353-36-6 Fluoroethane 3.8 -

341 7782-65-2 Germane 1.0 - 0.8

342 7783-03-5 Hydrogen selenide 4.0 -

343 7783-06-4 Hydrogen sulfide 3.9 - 4.0

344 624-91-9 Methyl nitrite 5.3 -

345 992-94-9 Methyl silane 1.3 -

346 563-45-1 Methylbutene (3-methylbut-1-ene) 1.5 -

347 7803-51-2 Phosphine 1.6 - 1.8

348 463-49-0 Propadiene 1.9 -

349 7803-62-5 Silane 1.4 - 0.8

350 993-07-7 Trimethylsilane 1.3 -

351 593-60-2 Vinyl bromide 5.6 -

352 75-02-5 Vinyl fluoride 2.9 -

353 107-25-5 Vinyl methyl ether 2.2 -

354 503-17-3 Dimethyl acetylene (2-butyne, crotonylene) 1.4 - 1.4

355 112-40-3 n-Dodecane 0.6 -

356 78-00-2 Lead tetraethyl (tetraethyllead) 1.8 -

357 75-09-2 Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane) 13.0 - 13.0

358 13465-78-6 Monochlorosilane 1.0 -

359 13463-39-3 Nickel carbonyl (tetracarbonylnickel) 0.9 -

360 110-74-7 Propyl formate 2.1 -

4. Toxic Gas Hazards

4-1. Toxic gas hazards

4-2. Threshold limit values of toxic gases

Chemical ACGIH 2018

Chemical ACGIH 2018

Chemical ACGIH 2018

Chemical ACGIH 2018

Chemical ACGIH 2018