Protein Synthesis Worksheet

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
WORKSHEET
PART A. Read the following:

Protein synthesis is the process used by the body to make proteins. The first step of protein synthesis is called
Transcription. It occurs in the nucleus. During transcription, mRNA transcribes (copies) DNA. DNA is “unzipped” and
the mRNA strand copies a strand of DNA. Once it does this, mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes into the cytoplasm.
mRNA will then attach itself to a ribosome. The strand of mRNA is then read in order to make protein. They are read 3
bases at a time. These bases are called codons. tRNA is the fetching puppy. It brings the amino acids to the ribosome to
help make the protein. The 3 bases on tRNA are called anti-codons. Remember, amino acids are the building blocks for
protein. On the mRNA strand, there are start and stop codons. Your body knows where to start and stop making certain
proteins. Just like when we read a sentence, we know when to start reading by the capitalized word and when to stop by
the period.
Ribosome mRNA DNA

tRNA
mRNA
PART B. Answer the following questions on your paper:
1. What is the first step of protein synthesis? Transcription

2. What is the second step of protein synthesis? Translation
3. Where does the first step of protein synthesis occur? Nucleus
4. Where does the second step of protein synthesis occur? Cytoplasm in cell
5. Nitrogen bases are read three bases at a time.
6. The bases on the mRNA strand are called codon
7. The bases on tRNA are called anticodons
8. What is the start codon? AuG
9. What are the stop codons? (Use your mRNA chart or pg. 298) UAA UAG UGA
10. A bunch of amino acids attached together is called a protein
PART C. Use your codon chart to determine the amino acid sequence. Remember to read through the strand and
ONLY start on AUG and STOP when it tells you to stop. Follow example below:
Example:
DNA  AGA CGG TAC CTC CGG TGG GTG CTT GTC TGT ATC CTT CTC AGT ATC
mRNA  UCU GCC AUG GAG GCC ACC CAC GAA CAG ACA UAG GAA GAG UCA UAG
protein  start - glu – ala –thre – hist – asp –glu – threo - stop
1. DNA  CCT CTT TAC ACA CGG AGG GTA CGC TAT TCT ATG ATT ACA CGG TTG CGA TCC ATA ATC
mRNA  GGA GAA AUG UGU GCC UCC CAU GCG AUA AGA UAC UAA_ UGU GCC AAC GCU
AGG UAU UAG
protein  START MET CYS ALA SER HIS ALA ILE ARG TYR STOP
2. DNA  AGA ACA TAA TAC CTC TTA ACA CTC TAA AGA CCA GCA CTC CGA TGA ACT GGA GCA
mRNA  UCU UGU AUU AUG GAG AAU UGU GAG AUU UCU GGU CGU GAG GCU ACU UGA
CCU CGU
protein  START MET GLU ASN CYS GLU ILE SER GLY ARG GLU ALA THR STOP
3. DNA  TAC CTT GGG GAA TAT ACA CGC TGG CTT CGA TGA ATC CGT ACG GTA CTC GCC ATC
mRNA  AUG GAA CCC CUU AUA UGU GCG ACC GAA GCU ACU UAG GCA UGC CAU GAG CGG
UAG
protein  START MET GLU PRO LEU ILE CYS ALA THR GLU ALA THR STOP
4. DNA  TAA ACT CGG TAC CTA GCT TAG ATC TAA TTA CCC ATC
mRNA  AUU UGA GCC AUG GAU CGA AUC UAG AUU AAU GGG UAG
protein  START MET ASP ARG ILE STOP
5. DNA  CTA TTA CGA TAC TAG AGC GAA TAG AAA CTT ATC ATC
mRNA  GAU AAU GCU AUG AUC UCG CUU AUC UUU GAA UAG UAG
protein  START MET ILE SER LEU ILE PHE GLU STOP
6. DNA  TAC CTT AGT TAT CCA TTG ACT CGA ATT GTG CGC TTG CTG ATC
mRNA  AUG GAA UCA AUA GGU AAC UGA GCU UAA CAC GCG AAC GAC UAG
protein  START MET GLU SER ILE GLY ASN STOP
7. DNA  ACC CGA TAC CTC TCT TAT AGC ATT ACA AAC CTC CGA GCG
mRNA  UGG GCU AUG GAG AGA AUA UCG UAA UGU UUG GAG GCU CGC
protein  START MET GLU ARG ILE SER STOP
8. DNA  TAC AGA CGG CAA CTC TGG GTG CTT TGT TCT CTT CTC AGT ATC
mRNA  AUG UCU GCC GUU GAG ACC CAC GAA ACA AGA GAA GAG UCA UAG
protein  START MET SER ALA VAL GLU THR HIS GLU THR ARG GLU GLU SER STOP
Circle the correct choice within the parenthesis for 1 -18.
1.(DNA/RNA) can leave the nucleus. RNA

2. mRNA is made during (transcription/translation). TRANSCRIPTION
3. mRNA is made in the (cytoplasm/nucleus). CYTOPLASM
4. DNA is located in the (nucleus/cytoplasm). NUCLEUS
5. (Translation/Transcription) converts DNA into mRNA. TRANSCRIPTION
6. (mRNA/rRNA) is used to carry the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes. mRNA
7. (tRNA/rRNA) makes up the ribosome. Look in the book for this. rRNA
8. (DNA/RNA) uses uracil instead of thymine. RNA
9. (RNA/amino) acids make up a protein. AMINO
11. Transcription takes place in the (nucleus/cytoplasm). NUCLEUS
12.tRNA is used in (translation/transcription). TRANSLATION
13. tRNA uses (anticodons/codons) to match to the mRNA. ANTICODONS
14.Proteins are made at the (nucleus/ribosome). RIBOSOME
15.(tRNA/mRNA) attaches the amino acids into a chain. tRNA
16.tRNA is found in the (nucleus/cytoplasm). CYTOPLASM
17. (Translation/Transcription) converts mRNA into a protein. TRANSLATION
18.Translation takes place in the (cytoplasm/nucleus). CYTOPLASM
Fill the Diagram In
DNA A C A A GA C G G T A C T G A
mRNA
tRNA
Amino
Acids
ANSWERS:
mRNA  UGU UCU GCC AUG ACU
tRNA  ACA AGA CGG UAC UGA
amino acid  THR SER ARG TYR THR

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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

PART A. Read the following:

Ribosome mRNA DNA

PART B. Answer the following questions on your paper:

1. What is the first step of protein synthesis? Transcription

1.(DNA/RNA) can leave the nucleus. RNA

Fill the Diagram In

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