DNA Molecule & Central Dogma
DNA Molecule & Central Dogma
DNA Molecule & Central Dogma
Molecule
Science 10
Lesson 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 03
Introduction replication
02 04
history Transcription
& translation
I. INTRODUCTION
TCTTAAATGATCGATC
AGAATTTACTAGCTAG
GGCATTCGCGATCATG
CCGTAAGCGGTAGTAC
Dna structure
One strand of
DNA goes
from 5’ to 3’
The other
strand is
opposite in
direction
going 3’ to 5’
DNA vs. rna
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
● Double-stranded ● Single-stranded
● Found in nucleus of the cell ● Found in cytoplasm, nucleus,
and ribosome
● It has a deoxyribose and ● with a ribose and phosphate
phosphate backbone having backbone with four varying
four distinct bases: thymine, bases: uracil, cytosine, adenine
adenine, cytosine and guanine and guanine (U, C, A, G)
(T, A, C, G)
● transmission of genetic ● the transmission of the genetic
information code that is necessary for the
protein creation
● A=T C=G ● A=U C=G
03
Dna replication
• DNA has to be copied before a cell divides
• New cells will need identical DNA strands
Dna replication
5’
Dna replication
● DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end of the DNA
● This causes the NEW strand to be built in a 5’ to 3’ direction
5’ 3’
RNA
5’
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase Primer
Direction of Replication
Dna replication
5’ 3’
5’
RNA
Nucleotides DNA Polymerase Primer
Dna replication
5 3’
’3’
DNA Polymerase RNA Primer
5’
5’ 3’
3’ 5’
Lagging Strand
Dna replication
RNA
Primer
5’ 3’
3’ 5’
Lagging Strand
Dna replication
● The enzyme Ligase joins the Okazaki
fragments together to make one strand
Replication of Strands
Proofreading of the new dna
Thesunwashotbuttheoldmandidnotgethishat.
The sun was hot but the old man did not get his hat.
● This sentence represents a gene. Each letter corresponds to a
nucleotide base, and each word represents a codon.
Genetic code
You have been commissioned by a popular drugstore chain to prepare for them an
information dissemination tool as they visit different barangays with their mobile
clinic. Part of the medical mission that they are offering is to educate people about the
importance of homeostasis in the body. The output that you are expected to
accomplish must emphasize the roles played by various body systems in relation to a
person’s overall health and survival.