prev

next

 Slides: 51

Download presentation

Chapter 6 Introduction to Electro-pneumatic

Introduction to Electro Pneumatics Electro-Pneumatics Definition : § Electro-
pneumatic term is defined from the words of electro which means electrical and
pneumatic which means pressurized air. § The electro-pneumatics equipments and
system is an integration of electrical and mechanical components with compressed
air source. § Electro pneumatic is a pneumatic control system where air pressure
and direction of valve are controlled by an electrical current.

Introduction to Electro Pneumatics Other Definition of Electro-Pneumatics is a

method to transfer energy from one point to another using actuators which are
driven by fluids under pressure (definition of pneumatic). Pneumatics restricts itself
to gaseous fluids while hydraulics uses liquids to transfer the energy. Pressure of the
pneumatic system can be controlled by § manually opening a valve, § automatically
by detecting its pressure, § sending an electrical signal. The control of pneumatic
components by electrical impulses (electrical signal) is known as electro-
pneumatics.

Introduction to Electro Pneumatics Signal flow and component of an pneumatic

control system

Introduction to Electro Pneumatics Signal flow and component of an Electro.

Pneumatic control system
Introduction to Electro Pneumatics Pneumatic power section Solenoid actuated
Directional control valves form the interface between the signal control section
(electrical) and the pneumatic power section in an Electro-pneumatic system.

Introduction to Electro Pneumatics Electrical signal control section Solenoid valve

Introduction to Electro Pneumatics Advantages of using Electro-Pneumatics 1.
Lesser wear-off parts. Lesser installation jobs. i. e. , Electrical control valve, Electrical
switches 2. Replace tube in pneumatic system to electrical wire in electro-pneumatic
3. Less parts are used Reduce working space. 4. Sensor and Controller (such as
PLC) can be included in the system E-260 Electrical signal input (switch panel) Push
Button

Basic Electrical Device Seven basic electrical devices commonly used in the control
of fluid power systems are 1. Manually actuated push button switches 2. Mechanical
Position Sensor (Limit switches) 3. Pressure switches 4. Solenoids 5. Relays 6.
Timers 7. Temperature switches Other devices used in electro pneumatics are 1.
Proximity sensors 2. Reed switch 2. Electric counters

(A) Push Button Switch Push buttons are of two types i) Momentary push button
(return to unactuated position when release) ii) Maintained contact or detent push
button (has a latching mechanism to hold it in the selected position)

Push Button Switch

Example : Normally Open (N. O) and Normally Close (N. C) In pneumatic circuit : For
example : 3/2 -way Push button (valve) Normally Open Normally Close In electrical
circuit : For example : Push button switch Normally Open Normally Close

(B)Mechanical Position sensor (limit switch) (Pneumatic) 3/2 -way N. C valve with
roller (Limit switch) (Electro-Pneumatic) Mechanical Position sensor (Limit switch)
Limit Switch Any switch that is actuated due to the position of a fluid power
component (usually a piston rod or hydraulic motor shaft or the position of load) is
termed as limit switch. There are two types classification of Limit switches
depending upon method of actuations of contacts a) Lever actuated contacts b)
Spring loaded contacts In lever type limit switches, the contacts are operated slowly.
In spring type limit switches, the contacts are operated rapidly.

(C) Proximity sensor q Proximity sensor contain a transistor which conducts and
switches (trigger ON) when something comes near to the sensors. q Some of the
proximity sensor only work with steel material components － Inductive proximity
sensor
Proximity sensor – Symbol and Sample Circuit Proximity Sensor Question : 1. Name
the switch type used for START and STOP button. 2. What is the different between A
1 and A 2 in Electrical circuit?

(D) Processing element - Relay q Relay is an electrically actuated switch, contains a

coil and a contactor switch or multiples contactors. q When power is applied to relay
coil, the core magnetizes, drawing the contact assembly in. q This will change the
state of all the contacts in the relay (i. e. , N. O contact becomes closed or N. C
contact becomes open). q Relay uses small amount of power to control switching
(advantage). The voltage applied to the coil doesn’t have to be the same as that in
control circuit. q Relay is used to allow voltage control systems to switch large
current/ high voltage

Sample circuit E-140 Contactor Coil When Toggle switch 1 S 3 is pressed, power is
supplied to Relay (K 1) coil which result to the all contactors in relay change their
state (open close or close open). Solenoid valve 1 Y 1 activate to ON

N. O and N. C wire / cable connection Normally Close (N. C) Example : Pin 21 22

Normally Open (N. O) Example : Pin 41 44
Animation (Relay OFF) Source : Uni. KL Electro-Pneumatic Lecture Note, 2008

Animation (Relay ON)

More about Relays q Relay has a few functions as a safety device: 1. The high
voltage output (i. e. 240 V) can be switched ON through a contactor using relay with
low voltage (i. e. 24 V) supplied to a coil. 2. The high current output can be switched
ON through a contactor using relay with low current supplied to a coil. 3. Functioned
as Safety control circuit for emergency power cut-off (EMERGENCY START and
STOP button) to the whole circuit. q. Use in automation process Switching more than
one outputs simultaneously using relay with a coil and multiple contactors. q. To
control ON and OFF of various outputs sequences using several Relay.

(E) Solenoid DCV q Solenoid valve is an electro-mechanical device that built-in with a
coil (solenoid) and a pneumatic Directional control valve. q Directional control valve
(DCV) solenoid operated use electrical signals to control pneumatic valves. q They
are used to start, to stop and/or to change the direction of air flow. q There are 2
types operated of directional control valve using solenoid: 1. Directly operated valve
2. Pilot operated valve

1. Directly operated valve Flow is releases to the consuming device via armature of
the solenoid. In order to obtain a sufficient cross section of opening, a comparably
large armature is required. This consequently requires a powerful return spring and
the solenoid to generate a high force. It is therefore of a large design with high power
consumption. 2. Pilot operated valve The valve piston is moved via an air duct from
pressure port 1. This only requires a Low flow so that a comparatively small
armature with minimal actuating force can be used. A minimum supply pressure is
required in order to actuate the piston against the spring force. Solenoid can be
configured in a small design and the power consumption and heat emission is thus
reduced.
3/2 DCV single solenoid operated with spring return The cross sectional view of 3/2
way single solenoid valve in the normal and actuated positions are shown in Figure.
In the normal position, port 1 is blocked and port 2 is connected to port 3 via back
slot (details shown in the circle) When the rated voltage is applied to coil, armature is
pulled towards the centre of the coil and in the process the armatures is lifted away
from the valve seat. The compressed air now flows from port 1 to port 2, and ports 3
is blocked. When the voltage to the coil is removed, the valve returns to the normal
position.

5/2 DCV single pilot operated single solenoid with spring return The cross section
view of 5/2 way single solenoid in the normal and actuated positions are shown in
Figure. In normal position, port 1 is connected to port 2, port 4 is connected to port 5,
and port 3 is blocked. When the rated voltage is applied to coil 14, the valve is
actuated through an internal pilot valve. In actuated position, port 1 is connected to
port 4 , port 2 is connected to port 3, and port 5 is blocked. The valve returns to the
normal position when the voltage to the armature coil is removed.

5/2 DCV double pilot operated double solenoid The cross section view of 5/2 way
double solenoid in the normal and actuated positions are shown in the Figure when
the rated voltage is applied to coil 14, the valve is actuated to a one switch in
position with port 1 connected to port 4, port 2 connected to port 3, and port 5
blocked. When the rated voltage is applied to the coil 12, the valve is actuated to the
other switching position with port 1 connected to port 2, port 4 connected to port 5
and port 3 blocked.
The symbols for the various solenoid/pilot actuated valves are given in below 3/2
DCV single solenoid with manual override with spring return 3/2 DCV single pilot
operated single solenoid with manual override with spring return 5/2 DCV single
solenoid with single manual override with spring return 5/2 DCV double solenoid with
double manual override with spring return 5/2 DCV double pilot operated double
solenoid with double manual override

Solenoid DCV 5/2 -DCV double pilot operated double solenoid 5/2 -DCV Single pilot
operated single solenoid with spring return 3/2 -DCV Single pilot operated single
solenoid with spring return
Sample circuit Pneumatic Power Component --- cylinder Final Control element ---
Solenoid valve

Symbol in Electrical circuit Solenoid When Pushbutton switch (SW 1) is pressed,

power is applied to Solenoid S 1 which then change the electrical signal to
pneumatic signal and allow air flow to cylinder A (single acting with spring return) for
rod to extend.
Sample Circuit connection Red cable is a connection from 24 V line. Blue cable is a
connection to GND (0 V).

Supply / Power component In Electro-Pneumatic system, the supply or power source

component is divided into two, based on the system component. 1. Pneumatic －
Compressor 2. Electrical －AC / DC power supply Symbol for 24 V DC IEC Standard
JIC Standard
Direct control in electro-pneumatics Direct control is the control of an electro-
pneumatic valve without using intermediate components such as a relay, a contactor
or an industrial computer (PLC). The valve is connected directly to electric switch as
shown in Fig. below Advantages of direct control • Simple and easy • Less wiring •
Cheap. Disadvantages of direct control • Remote control is not possible • Switching
more than one valve at a time is not possible • Latching is not possible • Design
improvement is not flexible.

Indirect control in electro pneumatics Indirect control is the control of an electro-

pneumatic valve using intermediate components such as relays, contactors or
programmable logic controllers (PLC). Advantages of indirect control systems •
Remote control is possible • Switching more than one valve at a time is possible •
Latching is possible. • Flexible design improvement and development. •
Incorporating logic operating conditions (OR, AND conditions) Disadvantages of
direct control • Complicated • More wiring • More cost involved

Direct Control of Single Acting Cylinder Forward stroke: The circuit is closed when
push button PB closes. A magnetic field is produced in the coil Y. The armature in
the coil opens the passage for the compressed air. The compressed air flows from 1
to 2 of the 3/2 DCV to cylinder, which travels to the final forward position. Return
stroke: When the push button PB is released, the circuit is interrupted. The magnetic
field at coil Y collapses, the 3/2 way valve switches back to its original position as
shown in Figure 1. 27. The compressed air in the cylinder then exhausts through port
3 of the DCV and the cylinder travel to the final rear position.
Indirect Control of single acting cylinder Forward stroke: The circuit is closed when
push button PB closes. Closing of Push button PB energises a relay K 1. The coil Y is
energised via normally open contact K 1 (indirect energising). A magnetic field is
produced in armature of the coil Y opens the passage for the compressed air. The
compressed air flows from 1 to 2 of the 3/2 DCV to cylinder, which travels to the final
forward position. Return stroke: When the push button PB is released, the circuit is
interrupted. Opening of Push button PB de-energises a relay K 1. The magnetic field
at coil Y is collapses due to the opening of contact K 1 the 3/2 way valve switches
back to its original position as shown in Figure. The compressed air in the cylinder
then exhausts through port 3 of the DCV and the cylinder travel to the final rear
position.
Direct Control of Double Acting Cylinder Forward stroke: The double acting cylinder
is controlled by 5/2 way valve. When the pushbutton PB is pressed, coil Y is
energised and the directional control valve is activated by compressed air via pilot
control. The piston travels to the final forward position. Return stroke: When the push
button PB is released, the circuit is interrupted. The magnetic field at coil Y collapses,
the return spring of 5/2 becomes active and the 5/2 way valve switches back to its
original position as shown in Figure 1. 29. The compressed air in the cylinder then
exhausts through port 5 of the 5/2 DCV and the cylinder travel to the final rear
position.
Indirect Control of double acting cylinder (using 5/2 way, single solenoid) Forward
stroke: The circuit is closed when push button PB closes. Closing of Push button PB
energises a relay K 1. The coil Y is energised via normally open contact K 1 (indirect
energising). A magnetic field is produced in armature of the coil Y opens the passage
for the compressed air through internal pilot. The compressed air flows from 1 to 4
of the 5/2 DCV to cylinder, which travels to the final forward position. Return stroke:
When the push button PB is released, the circuit is interrupted. Opening of Push
button PB de-energises a relay K 1. The magnetic field at coil Y is collapses due to
the opening of contact K 1 the 5/2 way valve switches back to its original position as
shown in Figure 1. 30. The compressed air in the cylinder then exhausts through port
5 of the DCV and the cylinder travel to the final rear position.

Indirect Control of double acting cylinder (using 5/2 way, double solenoid) Forward
stroke: when push button PB 1 is pressed, coil Y 1 is energised and 5/2 way
directional control valve changes over. The piston travels out and remains in the final
forward position until a signal is applied to coil Y 2. The 5/2 directional control valve
will remain in the last position because it is double solenoid valve and has no return
spring. Return stroke: When the push button PB 1 is released and PB 2 is pressed.
Opening of Push button PB 1 de-energises a relay K 1. The magnetic field at coil Y 1
is collapses due to the opening of contact K 1. Closing of PB 2 energises Y 2 and the
piston returns to its original position as a result of changeover of the 5/2 way valve.
The 5/2 way directional control valve will not switch over if there is an active
opposing signal. For example, if Y 1 is switched on and a signal is given to Y 2, there
will be no reaction as there would be an opposing signal
Control of Double Acting Cylinder OR Logic (Parallel Circuit) The piston of a double
acting cylinder is to travel out when either one of two pushbutton switch is pressed.
It is to return when both are released. When push button PB 1 or PB 2 are pressed.
Coil Y 1 is energised. The directional control valve switches over and the piston
travels to the final forward position. When both the push button switches are
released, the signal is removed from Y 1 and the cylinder travels back to its original
position.

Control of Double Acting Cylinder AND Logic The piston of a double acting cylinder is
to travel out when either one of two pushbutton switch is pressed. It is to return
when both are released. When push button PB 1 or PB 2 are pressed. Coil Y 1 is
energised. The directional control valve switches over and the piston travels to the
final forward position. When both the push button switches are released, the signal is
removed from Y 1 and the cylinder travels back to its original position.

Latching circuits Definition of latching: It is a process where the relay contacts

remain on without keeping the relay coil energized. In other words, it is required
somethings to keep the circuit powered for a certain function even though a
pushbutton switch is released to the open position

Latching Circuit with Dominant OFF When Start button (PB 1) and Stop button (PB 2)
are pressed simultaneously, if the circuit goes to OFF position/relay coil is not
energised , then such a circuit is called Dominant OFF latching circuit. Refer to Figure
, a) When we press START push button PB 1 is pressed and released , following
operations occurs: 1. Relay coil K 1 in branch 1 ( vertical) is energised. All Contact K
1 closes 2. Notice that there is a NO contact of K 1 in branch 2 , which is connected
parallel to PB 1. This NO contact of K 1 latches the start push button. Therefore even
if the PB 1 is released, NO contact of K 1 in branch 2 keeps coil K 1 energised. 3.
There is another NO contact in branch 3, which is connected to Y 1. When push
button PB 1 is pressed this also remain closed, as a result cylinder moves forward
and remains there until stop button PB 2 is pressed. b) When we press STOP push
button PB 2 is pressed momentarily and released , following operations occurs: 1.
Relay coil K 1 in branch 1 ( vertical) is de-energised. All Contact K 1 opens 2. NO
contact of K 1 in branch 2 , which is connected parallel to PB 1 is now open. This NO
contact of K 1 no more latches the start push button. 3. NO contact in branch 3 is
also open now, which is de-energises. As a result cylinder moves back to its home
position and remains there until start button PB 1 is pressed again.

Latching Circuit with Dominant OFF

Latching Circuit with Dominant ON When Start button (PB 1) and Stop button (PB 2)
are pressed simultaneously, if the circuit goes to ON position/relay coil is energised ,
then such a circuit is called Dominant ON latching circuit. Refer to Figure, a) When
we press START push button PB 1 is pressed and released , following operations
occurs: 1. Relay coil K 1 in branch 1 ( vertical) is energised. All Contact K 1 closes 2.
Notice that there is a NO contact of K 1 in branch 2 , which is connected parallel to
PB 1 and in series with PB 2. This NO contact of K 1 latches the start push button.
Therefore even if the PB 1 is released, NO contact of K 1 in branch 2 keeps coil K 1
energised. 3. There is another NO contact in branch 3, which is connected to Y 1.
When push button PB 1 is pressed this also remain closed, as a result cylinder
moves forward and remains there until stop button PB 2 is pressed. b) When we
press STOP push button PB 2 is pressed momentarily and released , following
operations occurs: 1. Relay coil K 1 in branch 1 ( vertical) is de-energised. All Contact
K 1 opens 2. NO contact of K 1 in branch 2 , which is connected parallel to PB 1 is
now open. This NO contact of K 1 no more latches the start push button. 3. NO
contact in branch 3 is also open now, which is de-energises. As a result cylinder
moves back to its home position and remains in home position until start button PB
1 is pressed again.
Latching Circuit with Dominant ON

Direct Control of Automatic Return of a Double Acting Cylinder

Indirect Control of Automatic Return of a Double Acting Cylinder ( double solenoid)

Oscillating motion of a double acting cylinder (Forward )

Oscillating motion of a double acting cylinder (Return )
Report

 Electro Steel Integrated Limited Introduction

Electro steel Integrated

 Chapter 6continue Introduction to

ElectroPneumatic PREPARED BY MOHD
 Chapter 6 Introduction to ElectroPneumatic
PREPARED BY MOHD

 Electro Electric Systems 1 2 Electro Electric

Systems

 Electro Magnetic Compatibility 1 Electro

Magnetic Compatibility EMC
 ENGLISH FOR ELECTRO ENGINEERING
BUSINESS PURPOSES ELECTRO SHIFTING

Properties of Electro Magnetic Radiation Light

Introduction A

Properties of Electro Magnetic Radiation Light

Introduction A
 The Electro Encephalo Gramm Cognitive
Neuropsychology January 16

The road to the Electro Weak Symmetry

Breaking

HOUSE MUSIC HOUSE Euro House Tech House

Electro
 Electro Chem Inc PEM Fuel Cell with Deadended

Chelmsford Amateur Radio Society EMC 7

Electro Magnetic

Electricity Magnetism Static Currents Circuits

Magnetic Fields Electro
 AKAPP electro industrie bv Zbera Seria C 7

ELECTRO THERMAL SIMULATIONS OF THE

SHUNTED 13 KA

ECG Electro Cardio Gram When heart muscles

together
 F M Rietti Electro Dynamics Fundamentals
LM18 Computer

Electricity Magnetism Static Currents Circuits

Magnetic Fields Electro

Active Removal of LEO Space Debris The

Electro
 www desco com Images of Electro Static
Discharge

CHEMICAL SENSING USING MEMS Micro

Electro Mechanical Systems

ECHOS Electro Ceutical wiatowa nowo w

modelowaniu sylwetki
 ECG Electro Cardio Gram When heart muscles
together

Manejo de Materiales y Residuos Peligrosos

Electro Componentes

SURVEYING TOTAL STATION SURVEYING Basic

Principle Classifications Electro
 Mechatronics Project EMMET System Electro
Mechanical MembraneEnabled Transfer

The Electro Magnetic Pulse EMP Energy Sector

Vulnerabilities

Electro Life FOR SCALE REMOVAL AND

ENERGY SAVINGS
 Electro mcanicien la mine Musique Pierre
Bachelet Au

Harmonographs and the Electro Harmonograph

Frank Palazzolo frankavoidspikes

List Electromagnetics Electromagnetics Electro

Electricity Electron Electronics Magnetic
 CHEMICAL SENSING USING MEMS Micro
Electro Mechanical Systems

Electro surgical unit q PURPOSE ESU are used

ELECTROPORATION Agustina Setiawati

DEFINISI Electro muatan listrik Poration
 Thinking Electro Negatively Making Sense page
139 Electronegativity

System Software Design Electro

Plethysmograph Western Washington University

Funky Master DJ CONAN Oldschool Funk Disco

Electro
 ESD BASICS Electro Static Discharge ESD ESD
Control

Membrane Processing Electro dialysis of milk

and its

Electricity Magnetism Static Currents Circuits

Magnetic Fields Electro
 Electromagnetic Pulse EMP 2017 What is EMP
Electro

EMC EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility Safety

EMIElectro Magnetic

Electricity Magnetism Static Currents Circuits

Magnetic Fields Electro
 Electro Magnetic probes with MPD Calorimeter
Dubna JINR