Senior High School

Department of Education
National Capital Region
S CHOOLS DIVIS ION OFFICE
MARIK INA CITY

Practical Research 2
Quarter 2- Module 4
Intervention

Writer: Richard E. Parcon

Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas
Layout Artist: Arneil A. Pagatpatan

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 What I Need to Know
Good day Senior High School Students! In this lesson, you are going to learn
how to:

Describe intervention (if applicable)

Moreover, in this lesson, you will learn concepts and do practice activities that
will help you do the following:

1. define intervention;
2. identify the variables in the sample research that needs to undergo in
intervention; and
3. present how each variable should be given an intervention.

What I Know
Before you proceed to the different activities inside the module, answer first
this pre-assessment activity below to find out what you already know about the
topic research instrument
Select your answers from the options provided after each item. Write the letter of
the correct answer before the number.
1. What is the condition that you measure in an experiment?
A. Comply variable C. Extraneous variable
B. Dependent variable D. Independent variable

2. What is the condition that you change in the experiment?

A. Comply variable C. Extraneous variable
B. Dependent variable D. Independent variable

3. Which of the following statements is NOT the a characteristic of

experiment?
A. Manipulation of the treatment condition
B. Control over extraneous variables
C. Group comparison
D. Outcome manipulation

4. Which of the following provides a measure on some attributes or

characteristics that you assess for participants in an experiment before they
receive a treatment?
A. Intervention C. Posttest
B. Manipulation D. Pretest

5. What treatment does the researcher physically intervene to alter the

conditions?
A. Experimental C. Observation
B. Non-Experimental D. Survey

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 6. Which of the following procedures is NOT used in manipulating treatment
conditions?
A. Manipulate the outcome of the experiment
B. Identify the conditions of the variables
C. Manipulate the treatment condition
D. Identify the treatment condition

7. What type of independent variables refers to the variable in which the

researcher determines their effect on outcome?
A. Measured variable C. Outcome variable
B. Operational variable D. Treatment variable

8. What implies on the name itself where variables used in research can be
measured?
A. Measured variable C. Outcome variable
B. Operational variable D. Treatment variable

9. Which of the following clearly and completely describes what will happen in
comparison group?
A. Measured variable C. Outcome variable
B. Operational variable D. Treatment variable

10. Which among the independent variables can undergo intervention?

A. Age C. Birthdate
B. Gender D. Lecture plus health-hazard comparison

Lesson
Intervention
1

In the previous modules in Practical Research 2, you have discussed the

different types of research design, specifically the experimental research design. Your
task is to discuss the following diagram that shows process of experimental research.
Write your answer on the space box provided after the diagram

CONTROL PRE-TEST No treatment

GROUP A POST-TEST
GROUP given

EXPERIMENTAL Intervention
GROUP B PRE-TEST (using new POST-TEST
GROUP
approach)
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Before Reading Activity

By recalling the previous module regarding the type of variables. Two main
type of variables are used in doing experimental research. The independent
variable and dependent variable. Independent variable is a variable that
represents a quantity that is being MANIPULATED in an experiment. While
dependent variable represents the variable that you MEASURE in an
experiment.

A. Reading activity

The text below is an example of experiment conducted in a research. Your task

is to read the text carefully in order for you to answer the questions given in
the post-reading activity.

ich occurs
when the shell develops nasty slimes and gives off a horrible door. His friend
Patrick tells him that rubbing seaweed on the shell is the perfect cure, while

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 Sandy says that drinking Dr. Kelp will be a better cure. Sponge Bob decides to
test this cure by rubbing Gary with seaweed for 1 week and having him drink

B. Post-Reading Activity

1. What was the initial observation?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the independent variable?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the dependent variable?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

(Source: . https://pch.district70.org/pdfs/Honors-Biology-Summer-Work-part-2.pdf )

What is It
In the conducting experimental research, the common procedure known is to
test or determine whether an idea affect or influence the outcome or dependent
variable. In the previous module regarding research design, experimental research
usually conducted using the two groups; the control and experimental group. Both
groups receive Pretest and Posttest, however, no treatment is being done in control
group while treatment or intervention is being done to experimental group using the
new approach or innovation to test its effectiveness. Since it was mentioned that
experimental group receives treatment or intervention, Creswell (2014) stated that
INTERVENTION describes what happens in comparison group or how the
intervention will be implemented. There are two types of independent variables;
treatment variable and the measured variable. But only the treatment variables are
the only variables that can be subjected for an intervention. Creswell (2014) defined
as the variable the researcher manipulates to determine their effect on the outcome,
or dependent variable.
-Based Instruction in Teaching Oral English: A

the Task-Based Instruction in Teaching Oral English. The researcher utilized 2

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sections under grade 8 level as the respondents in which one group is considered as
the control group in which traditional method of teaching is used in teaching Oral
English subject and the other group served as the experimental group where TBI is
used as the treatment or intervention. In this sample study, the independent
variables are: GRADE 8 STUDENTS, TRADITIONAL APPROACH, and TASK-BASED
INSTRUCTIONS. But the TRADITIONAL APPROACH and TASK-BASED
INSTRUCTIONS are considered as treatment variables.

of variables
is being done in order to do the intervention.

1. Identify the treatment variables- classroom instruction

2. Identify treatment condition or the level of the variable (you have to
categorize what type of instruction should be done in classroom instruction)-
so based on the sample study, there are two types of CLASSROOM
INSTRUCTION involved or mentioned in the sample study; TRADITIONAL
APPROCACH AND TASK-BASED INSTRUCTION.
3. Manipulate the treatment conditions- in this process, intervention is being
conducted through engaging the 2 sections in the two types of classroom
instruction being mentioned by conducting classroom lecture, specific
activities designed or intended for each instruction.

Let us the see this excerpt procedure being done in the sample study mentioned
above.
Both control and experimental group utilized Three lessons.
However, in control group traditional approach is used, while in
experimental task-based instruction was utilized. Before each
instruction began, pre-test was administered and after each
instruction, post-test was administered. Third, the researcher
administered the pre-test and post-test in the digital speech
laboratory wherein the respondents answered the given
questions through voice recording. After the pre-test and post-
test in each instruction, the researcher checked and compared
the result of the pre-test and post-test of the respondents then,
the data were gathered, were analyzed, and were interpreted.

Based on this example, how does the intervention being done in the treatment
variables?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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 Answer the activities that will follow to practice your knowledge and skill about
describing intervention. READ FIRST THE SAMPLE EXCERPT ON THE PROCEDURE
CONDUCTED IN THE FOLLOWING EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH, then follow each
instruction to answer the three activities.

1. In this study, the instrument used to elicit and collect information was in the form
of test.
been well justified in the literature. In the current study, the subjects under different
teaching approaches (experimental group, multimedia methods; while control
group, traditional mode) took part in the same test. Their test results were collected
and analyzed to see whether the multimedia methods have positive effect on their
English learning. During the four-month experimental process, 112 subjects from
two classes were taught English by the same teacher with the same textbook New
Horizon College English. In the experimental group, the researcher made full use of
well-made multimedia courseware which involves a combination of a large range
of communication elements text, sound, graphics, pictures, photographs,
animation and video clips. Each media element has its own particular advantage
in conveying particular kinds of messages and evoking particular kinds of learner
responses. While in the control group. the lessons were given in the traditional
classroom, mainly includes teaching materials (textbooks, text-related cards,
pictures etc.), chalk plus talk, and sometimes taping-recorder. Both groups were
required to take turns to give a three-minute oral presentation before class and the
subjects in the experimental group had to use the PowerPoint format. To prepare
for the presentation, the subjects of both groups tried every means possible to
accumulate, select and analyze the best information on their own. The PowerPoint
files made by subjects in the experimental group were not only filled with many
beautiful photos, paintings, but also with music and sometimes even videos, which
made the presentation impressive, expressive and more enjoyable. At the end of
the experimental term, with a purpose of comprehensive test of the language
proficiency of the subjects, both groups were asked to take part in the same test
the final examination which included writing, speed reading, listening
comprehension, reading comprehension, cloze and translation. After the test, the
test papers were carefully collected by the researcher (Liu, 2010).

2. The students in the study were split into three groups: experiment group A,
experiment group B and a control group. Experiment group A consisted of those
students in the two classes that had history during the periods 4 and 5.

that had an additional special education teacher. The control group of students
were the students in the two remaining classes that met during the periods 1 and
3. During the course of this research, the three groups of students were involved
with two projects. Experiment group A completed these two projects in a computer
lab. Experiment group B students had. a choice of whether to use technology
while working on the project or not. Finally, the control group did all their work in
the classroom without the use of technology, never visiting the computer lab
during this research. On the first day of the study, all students in the study took
the pre-test to assess their previous knowledge of Ancient China. After fourteen
days of instruction, students entered into a project week. Over the course of five
school days, students created a storybook. The experiment group A created a
digital story utilizing VoiceThread in the computer lab, the participants in the

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 experiment group B had the option whether to use the technology or not, and the
control group created a paper-based storybook. During the first two weeks of
February, students re-entered the classroom for ten more days of instruction.
After ten more days of instruction, students entered into a second project week.
Again, the experiment group A created a digital story utilizing VoiceThread in the
computer lab, the participants in the experiment group B had the option whether
to use the technology or not, and the control group created a paper-based
storybook. During the third week of February, students took the surveys that
mirrored the condition in each group, i.e. students in the experiment groups A and
B were directed to an online survey in which their answers were emailed directly
to the researcher, and the control group participants were given the Likert survey
on paper. The final week of February was dedicated to any make-up surveys
and/or interviews that needed to be conducted because of absenteeism. After all
surveys and interviews were completed, two weeks after the completion of the
unit, the participants took a retention test (Granito and Chernoblisky, 2012).

Activity 1. FINDING THE TREATMENT VARIABLES!

Using the two sample procedures done in experimental study, identify the
independent variables mentioned and from those independent variables, determine
the treatment variables.
Sample procedure #1

Independent variables Treatment variables

Sample procedure #2

Independent variables Treatment variables

Activity 2 MANIPULATING THE TREATMENT VARIABLES

Determine how the treatment variables should be manipulated using the following
procedure:

Sample procedure #1

1. Identify the treatment variables

2. Identify the treatment condition

or the level of variables

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 3. Manipulate the treatment
variables

Sample procedure #2

1. Identify the treatment variables

2. Identify the treatment condition

or the level of variables

3. Manipulate the treatment

variables (brief description of
intervention)

Activity 3. DESCRIBING THE INTERVENTION

for both sample
procedure, your task in this activity is to discuss and describe how manipulation or
intervention of treatment variables is being conducted.
Sample procedure #1

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Sample procedure #2

What I Have Learned

In this lesson, we focused on constructing a research instrument.
Express what you have learned by completing the information in this graphic
organizer.

3 things that you have the Difficulties I

learned in this lesson encountered the
specifically on the lesson is/are?
following topics:

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 What I Can Do
Apply what you have learned about describing intervention.

The sample details below are lifted from the study, Effect of Computer-Based Video
Games on Children: An Experimental Study. You task is to arrange the intervention
being done in this study. Use numbers 1-4 as your answer. Then identify the
independent variables, treatment condition or level of condition, and manipulation
of variables.

Part I
________After receiving various instructional treatments, each participant was
required to take a quiz during the second session. The quiz was designed and
develope
instruction. From three categories of questions fact differentiation/recall,
analysis/comparison, and understanding/problem-solving different types of
learning outcomes were determined. The researcher graded and recorded all the post-
tests.
________As the experiment began, the researcher asked the participants to turn on
their monitors. For the participants in the control group, their monitors immediately
showed a text-only web page. The researcher informed the participants that they
would have 35 minutes to read through the instructions. The participants could
browse the contents at their own pace. As soon as they finished the text-based
instruction, they raised their hands to indicate to the researcher completion of the
task. However, anyone who finished early had to remain seated and wait for the other
children to finish until the time was up.

_________Participants were asked to take part in two instructional sessions.

Estimates were that each session would take 40 minutes (the length of a regular
class period in elementary schools in Taiwan), for a total of 80 minutes. In the first
session, the control group received a unit of computer-assisted instruction about
fire-fighting. The experimental group was asked to play the computer game Fire
Captain. In the next session, all participants were required to take a quiz to allow
assessment of their learning achievements.

_________For the experimental group at the beginning of the class, the researcher
used five minutes to demonstrate the skills of mouse control for the computer game.
After the demonstration, the experimental group turned on their monitors, put on
headphones, and began playing the computer game. The main menu of Fire Captain
appeared on their monitors. Participants also had 35 minutes to explore this game
freely. However, they had to finish the tutorial mission as soon as possible. How fast
they completed the tutorial mission was a significant factor for evaluating their
ranking at the end of the mission. Participants had permission to raise their hands
at any time to ask for any technical support during this session.

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Part II

1. Identify the treatment variables

2. Identify the treatment condition

or the level of variables

3. Manipulate the treatment

variables (brief description of
intervention)

Assessment
Showcase the knowledge and skills you have learned in this lesson by
answering the assessment activity.

Discuss the following terms used in describing intervention:

1. Independent variables
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Treatment variables
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Manipulation or intervention of variables

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Additional Activities

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 Describe your possible intervention (if applicable) for your proposed research.
Write your answer on the box below:

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Posttest

1. The following variables can undergo in an intervention except:

A. Birthdate
B. Conventional and New Strategies
C. Lecture plus health-hazard comparison
D. Round table discussion and traditional lecture
2. It clearly describes what will happen in the comparison group after the
experiment
A. Treatment variable C. Operational variable
B. Outcome variable D. Measured variable
3. It provides a measure on some characteristics that the reseacher
assessed in the respondents of an experiment before they receive a
treatment?
A. Pretest C. Manipulation
B. Posttest D. Intervention
4. It is a type of independent variable in which the researcher determines
their effect on outcome?
A. Treatment variable C. Operational variable
B. Outcome variable D. Measured variable
5. Which of the following statements is NOT the characteristic of
experiment?
A. Group comparison
B. Outcome manipulation
C. Control over extraneous variables
D. Manipulation of the treatment condition
6. It is the condition that the researcher is changing in an experiment
A. Independent variable C. Dependent variable
B. Extraneous variable D. Comfy variable
7. It is the procedure that the researcher physically intervene to alter the
conditions
A. Survey C. Non-Experimental
B. Observation D. Experimental
8. What implies on the name itself where variables used in research can
be measured?
A. Treatment variable C. Operational variable
B. Outcome variable D. Measured variable
9. The following procedures below used by the researcher in manipulating
treatment condition except:
A. Identify the treatment condition
B. Manipulate the treatment condition
C. Indentify the conditions of the variables
D. Manipulate the outcome of the experiment
10. It is the condition that the researcher measures in an experiment
A. Independent variable C. Dependent variable
B. Extraneous variable D. Comply variable

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11. It process being done when 2 groups are engaged in two process in
which specific activities are designed or intended for each instruction.
A. Identify the treatment condition
B. Manipulate the treatment condition
C. Indentify the conditions of the variables
D. Manipulate the outcome of the experiment
12. It describes the procedure in which the researcher used clasroom
instruction as the treatment variable.
A. Identify the treatment condition
B. Manipulate the treatment condition
C. Indentify the conditions of the variables
D. Manipulate the outcome of the experiment
13. It is the procedure that shows the categorization on what type activity
will be done experimental research
A. Identify the treatment condition
B. Manipulate the treatment condition
C. Indentify the conditions of the variables
D. Manipulate the outcome of the experiment
14. It is the common procedure being done in an experimental research.
A. to test or determine whether an idea affect or influence the outcome
or dependent variable.
B. to identify the respondents to be used in the experimentation.
C. to validate the instruction in the experimentation
D. to construct a final report of the result.
15. The following variables below are considered as independent variables
which cannot undergo in an intervention except:
A. Academic performance C. Gender
B. Age D. Educational Attainment

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 References

1. Chuang, T and Chen, W. Effect of Computer-Based Video Games on

Children: An Experimental Study. Educational Technology & Society, 12
(2), 1 10. http://59.64.36.71/lc/koPage/ko3411/1/1-
10%20Effect%20of%20Computer-
Based%20Video%20Games%20on%20Children%20An%20Experimental%20
Study.pdf . (2009).

2. Creswell, John W. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and

Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. USA: Pearson, 2014.

3. Granito, M and Chernobilsky, E. The Effect of Technology on a Student' s

Motivation and Knowledge Retention. NERA Conference Proceeding.
https://opencommons.uconn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1016&contex
t=nera_2012, (2012).

4. Liu, Jing. An Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Multimedia in

College English Teaching. English Language Teaching Journal. Vol.3 No.1
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1081502.pdf. (2010).

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Development Team of the Module
Writer: Richard E. Parcon (SEHS)
Editors: Nieves T. Salazar, Ph. D. (PHS)

Internal Reviewer: Janet S. Cajuguiran (EPS- English)

External Reviewer: Richard Deanne C. Sagun (ADM Professor)
Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas (PHS)
Layout Artist: Arneil A. Pagatpatan (NHS)

Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Janet S. Cajuguiran
EPS-English

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

Email Address: [email protected]

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